A precursor ion selection (PIS) based ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) analytical method was used to screen the chemical components in Jiawei Dingzhi pills (JWDZP) comprehensively and rapidly. To compile the components of the compound medicine, a total of 1 921 components were found utilizing online databases and literature. After verifying the sources, unifying the component names, merging the multi-flavor attributed components, and removing the weak polar molecules, 450 components were successfully retained. The Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) was used, with a 0.1% formic acid water (A)-acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.35 mL·min^-1, the column temperature was 35 ℃, and an electrospray ion source was used. Data was collected with the PIS strategy in both positive and negative ion modes. Compounds were screened through matching accurate molecular weight of the database, and identified according to MS/MS data (characteristic fragment ions and neutral loss), with comparison of reference. Some compounds were confirmed using standard products. A total of 176 compounds were screened out in the extract of JWDZP, among which 26 compounds were confirmed by standard products. These compounds include 96 components from the sovereign drug, and 34 coefflux components with low ion intensity. The PIS-UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method established in this study can quickly and comprehensively screen the chemical components of JWDZP, which enhanced the screening rate of components with co-elution compounds of low ion intensities and provided a basis for the study of the material foundation of JWDZP.

Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) involves two major public health issues: mother-infant safety and prevention and controlling major chronic disease. HDP poses a serious threat to maternal and neonatal safety, and it is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as an important risk factor for long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD). In order to explore effective strategies to prevent and control the source of CVD and reduce its risk, we have established a cohort of HDPs in Shenzhen for the primordial prevention of CVD. The construction of the HDP cohort has already achieved preliminary progress till now. A total of 2 239 HDP women have been recruited in the HDP cohort. We have established a cohort data management platform and Biobank. The follow-up and assessment of postpartum cardiovascular metabolic risk in this cohort has also been launched. Our efforts will help explore the pathophysiological mechanism of HDP, especially the pathogenesis and precision phenotyping, prediction, and prevention of pre-eclampsia, which, therefore, may reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and provide a bridge to linking HDP and maternal-neonatal cardiovascular, metabolic risk to promote the cardiovascular health of mothers and their infants.

Chinese medicine undergoes complex chemical changes during processing and identifying these changes is the key to the processing mechanism. In the past 20 years of the 21 st century, research on the chemical changes in Chinese medicine after processing has focused the changes in the biopharmaceutical process in addition to the variation during processing. With the surging of information technologies, various identification technologies(instrumental analysis techniques, molecular biological techniques, data mining techniques, and biotransformation techniques) have developed rapidly and been widely applied to the research on processing mechanism. Thus, based on the chemical changes in the processing and biopharmaceutical process, the author suggested a research tactic of multimodal identification as the core by reorganizing key technologies for chemical identification from studies of the processing mechanism of Chinese me-dicine, aiming at establishing an interdisciplinary multi-dimensional research model for the processing mechanism of Chinese medicine.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Technology

Clarifying the mechanisms of Chinese medicinal processing is pivotal to the modernization of Chinese medicine. Research on Chinese medicinal processing gives priority to the mechanisms of the processing in enhancing efficacy, reducing toxicity, and repurposing medicinals. During the past 20 years, scholars have carried out in-depth studies on the mechanisms of Chinese medicinal processing via modern system biology. They mainly focused on the changes of medicinal properties and efficacy caused by processing using techniques of modern pharmacology and molecular biology, spectrum-efficacy correlation, and biophoton emission. However, these techniques fail to reflect the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine. With the introduction of system biology, multi-omics techno-logies(genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have surged, which have been applied to the research on the mec-hanisms of Chinese medicinal processing. These multi-omics technologies have advantages in the research on holism. This study aims to summarize the research techniques and approaches in system biology for mechanisms of Chinese medicinal processing in the past 20 years and analyze the limitations and advantages of them. It is concluded that the multi-omics techniques of system biology can reconstruct the mechanisms of Chinese medicinal processing. This study provides a new direction for further research on the mechanisms of Chinese medicinal processing.
China ; Genomics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metabolomics/methods* ; Proteomics

OBJECTIVE: To investigate specific technique and clinical effects of closed folding top consolidation maneuver combined with splint fixation maneuver for consolidation and cedar bark external fixation splint for the treatment of double fractures of distal ulna and radius in children. METHODS: From January 2017 to December 2019, 17 children with double fractures of distal ulna and radius were treated with closed folded apex consolidation maneuver, including 13 males and 4 females, aged from 4 to 11 years old with an average of (7.29±2.34) years old. The fractures were fixed with cedar bark splint and followed up for 6 months, and alignment of fracture was evaluated according to the latest X-rays by follow up, and function of the affected limbs was evaluated by Anderson forearm function evaluation criteria. RESULTS: Fifteen of 17 children were successfully reset immediately, and 2 children were successfully reset again. The average fixed time was (25.00±3.35) days. At 6 months of follow up, 12 patients got excellent results, 3 good, 2 fair, and 0 poor according to Anderson forearm function evaluation criteria. The position of all children were larger than 3/4, and 10 children were received anatomical reduction, alignment of 4 children was less than 10°, 3 children was less than 15°. No complications such as fracture displacement, nonunion, compartment syndrome, and forearm rotation dysfunction occurred. CONCLUSION Restoration of distal radius double fracture in children with the combination of the closed folding and top fixation maneuver and splint fixation maneuver has advantages of higher success rate, lower complications, which could reduce operating difficultyand pain of patients.
Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Radius ; Radius Fractures/therapy* ; Splints ; Treatment Outcome ; Ulna ; Ulna Fractures

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on common type of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) in Henan Province. Methods:A prospective single arm clinical study was performed. Patients with common type of COVID -19 admitted to seven designated hospitals for COVID -19 in Henan Province from January 25th to February 26th, 2020 were enrolled, and treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The negative transformation of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 -nCoV) nucleic acid, disease outcome, hospital stay, clinical symptoms and signs scores, and chest imaging performance were observed. Results:Totally 86 cases were included in the analysis, including 48 males (55.8%), aged 43.5 (35.0, 53.3) years old, 24 patients (27.9%) with previous medical history. Fifty-eight patients were primarily diagnosed COVID -19 and 28 patients were transferred. The 2019 -nCoV nucleic acid of 86 cases (100%) turned negative, and the median time of turning negative was 10 (7, 14) days. Eighty-six cases (100%) were discharged from hospital, and none turned into the severe type; the average length of hospital stay was (13.8±5.6) days. The scores of fever, cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and fatigue decreased with the treatment time, and the scores of 7 days and 14 days after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment [fever (points): 0 (0, 0), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (0, 1); cough (points): 1 (0, 1), 0 (0, 1) vs. 1 (0, 2); chest tightness (points): 0 (0, 0), 0 (0, 0) vs. 0 (0, 1); shortness of breath (points): 0 (0, 0), 0 (0, 0) vs. 0 (0, 1); fatigue (points): 0 (0, 1), 0 (0, 1) vs. 1 (0, 1); all P < 0.05]. The improvement rate of X ray and CT image was 42.9% (12/28) and 81.0% (64/79), respectively. Conclusions:The treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has good curative effect on common type of COVID -19 in 7 designated hospitals of Henan Province. It can improve the clinical symptoms, promote the absorption of pulmonary inflammation, and to some extent control the progress of disease and shorten the time of turning negative of virus nucleic acid and hospital stay.

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics of simple testicular yolk sac tumor (YST) in children with those in adults so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the malignance. METHODS: This study included 75 cases of simple testicular YST pathologically confirmed between May 2008 and July 2018, which were divided into groups A (aged <18 years, n = 64) and B (aged ≥18 years, n = 11). We analyzed the clinical data on all the cases and compared the clinical manifestations, laboratory results, pathological findings, clinical stages, treatment methods and prognostic outcomes between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: The patients of group A ranged in age from 6 months to 5 years (［1.38 ± 0.89］ yr), with the tumor diameter of 0.9－6.0 (2.48 ± 1.12) cm, while those of group B from 25 to 49 years (median 34 years), with the tumor diameter of 3.5－6.3 (5.16 ± 1.32) cm, most presenting with a painless scrotal mass, 4 (6.2%) in group A and 5 (45.5%) in group B with testis pain. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the tumor diameter and initial manifestations (P < 0.05). All the patients were treated by radical high-level spermatectomy and orchiectomy and, in addition, 1 in group A and 3 in group B by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), 24 in the former and 5 in the latter group followed by chemotherapy. Elevated levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were observed in all the cases. Sixty-five of the patients were followed up for 10－78 (52.00 ± 23.78) months, during which 2 cases of simple metastasis, 3 cases of simple relapse, 3 cases of relapse with metastasis and 5 cases of death were found in group A, and 5 cases of simple metastasis, 1 case of simple relapse, 1 case of relapse with metastasis and 4 cases of death in group B. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the clinical manifestation, biological behavior, treatment and prognosis of testicular YST between children and adults. In children, most of the testicular YST cases are at clinical stage I and preferably treated by radical high-level spermatectomy and orchiectomy with favorable prognosis. In adults, however, the tumor is highly malignant, with high incidences of recurrence and metastasis and poor prognosis, for the treatment of which the first choice is radical high-level spermatectomy and orchiectomy combined with RPLND and chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the relationship between light at night (LAN) and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in steel workers. Methods Relevant information was collected through questionnaires, physical examinations and blood biochemical analysis. Using restricted cubic spline (RCS) and mutiple Logistic regression model to explore the relationship between LAN and NAFLD based on a cross-sectional study. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 33.8% (2 594 / 7 664) in steel workers. After adjusting for age, sex, marriage, educational level, smoking, drinking, body mass index, luminous intensity in life, liver enzyme metabolism, blood lipid level, physical activity, diet, sleep duration, shift work, high temperature, noise, dust, and carbon monoxide exposure, the RCS model showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between LAN and NAFLD ( 2=71.59, P<0.001 for overall association test and 2=16.92, P<0.001 for nonlinear test); Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that after adjusting for all confounding factors, when the LAN in the 1 178 d ~ 2 017 d and 2 017 d ~ group, the prevalence of NAFLD increased by 21.7% (OR=1.217, 95% CI: 1.027-1.441) and 47.9% (OR=1.479, 95% CI: 1.240-1.763), respectively, when compared with the group LAN<1 178 d. Conclusion There is a nonlinear dose-response relationship between LAN and NAFLD in steel works.

Charcot foot is a rare disease in clinic, its pathogenesis includes neurotrauma theory, neurovascular theory, comprehensive theory, and inflammatory factor theory. The disease is characterized by progressive joint and bone destruction of foot and ankle joint. Conventional X-ray examination is not sensitive to the early diagnosis of disease, the manifestation of CT and MRI of disease is characteristic and could be used to make a comprehensive evaluation of bone and soft tissue lesions of disease. It is not difficult to make a diagnosis based on characteristic findings of CT and MRI and clinical manifestations such as swelling, pain and skin temperature rising of foot and ankle. Charcot foot has multiple classification methods including anatomy, imaging and clinical classification. Improved Eichenholtz staging classification is most commonly used currently which could make a more comprehensive assessment of disease and guide treatment better. According to the stage of disease, treatment could be carried out including non-weight bearing and brace protection, drugs therapy and surgical treatment, etc. Early diagnosis, brace protection, could protect joint and delaying progression of deformity. There is no clear long-term and generally accepted conclusion about the efficacy of drug therapy. For advanced patients, surgical treatment must be actively performed to preserve a stable and functional ankle joint and reduce amputation rate.
Amputation ; Ankle Joint ; Arthropathy, Neurogenic ; Diabetic Foot ; Humans ; Radiography

Objective This study aimed to explore the potential effects of terahertz (THz) waves on primary cultured neurons from 4 rat brain regions (hippocampus,cerebral cortex,cerebellum,and brainstem)and 3 kinds of neuron-like cells (MN9D,PC12,and HT22 cells) under nonthermal conditions.Methods THz waves with an output power of 50 (0.16 THz) and 10 (0.17 THz) mW with exposure times of 6 and 60 min were used in this study.Analysis of temperature change,neurite growth,cell membrane roughness,micromorphology,neurotransmitters and synaptic-related proteins (SYN and PSD95) was used to evaluate the potential effects.Results Temperature increase caused by the THz wave was negligible.THz waves induced significant neurotransmitter changes in primary hippocampal,cerebellar,and brainstem neurons and in MN9D and PC12 cells.THz wave downregulated SYN expression in primary hippocampal neurons and downregulated PSD95 expression in primary cortical neurons.Conclusion Different types of cells responded differently after THz wave exposure,and primary hippocampal and cortical neurons and MN9D cells were relatively sensitive to the THz waves.The biological effects were positively correlated with the exposure time of the THz waves.