Objective:To investigate the effect of Chloriti Lapis on metal elements in brain tissue and plasma of epileptic rats kindled by pentylenetetrazol （PTZ）， and to explore the possible material basis of Chloriti Lapis. Method:PTZ kindling method was used to establish epileptic rat model. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer （ICP-OES） were used to determine the contents of metal elements in brain tissue and plasma of the blank group， model group， carbamazepine group （0.1 g·kg^-1） and Chloriti Lapis group （2 g·kg^-1）. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software. Result:Compared with the blank group， the contents of Sr， Sb and Ba in brain tissue of rats in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the contents of Zn， Fe， Cu， K， Li， Co， Sn and Pb were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the contents of Zn， Fe， K， Li， Co， As and Pb in brain tissue of rats in the Chloriti Lapis group were obviously increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the contents of Sr and Sb were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. These results showed that Chloriti Lapis had positive effect on the regulation of the content of metal elements in rat brain tissue to normal level， the intervention effect was clear， and the overall effect was better than that of carbamazepine group. The determination of 21 metal elements in plasma showed that compared with the blank group， the levels of K， Sr and Cd in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the contents of Li， Al， Ti and Cr were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the contents of Ca， K， Li， Al and V in the Chloriti Lapis group were obviously increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the contents of Fe， Ti， Sr and Cd were significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The correlation analysis of metal elements among the groups showed that there were 17 pairs of elements had positively correlation in the brain tissue of rats， 2 pairs of elements had significant negative correlation. In the plasma of rats， 8 pairs of elements had significant positive correlation and 6 pairs of elements had significant negative correlation. Conclusion:The metal element groups represented by Zn， Fe， K， Li， Co， As， Pb， Sr， Sb， Ca， Al， V， Ti and Cd may be the effective material basis for Chloriti Lapis to interfere PTZ-kindled epileptic model rats， which may be related to the influence of these metal element groups on the release of neurotransmitters and the electrical balance of neurons， the regulation of abnormal synchronous discharge induced by Na⁺， K⁺， Ca²⁺ channel disorders and intervention of metabolism pathways in brain tissue related to epilepsy. It can make the excitatory and inhibitory activities restrain each other， and finally reach the normal physiological state of neurons and cells. The intervention effect of Chloriti Lapis group was better than that of carbamazepine group.

Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of Chloriti Lapis in the treatment of epilepsy by the metabonomics of brain tissue in pentylenetetrazol （PTZ）-kindled epileptic rats treated with Chloriti Lapis. Method:The epileptic animal model in rats was established by PTZ kindling， and the rats were divided into the control group， model group， carbamazepine group and Chloriti Lapis group. The brain tissue samples were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC/Q-TOF-MS）， and the experimental results were statistically analyzed by partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） and SPSS 18.0. Result:The metabolic fingerprints and metabolic profiles of the rat brain tissue were established， which showed that the metabolic profiles of each group had changed significantly and could be separated well among the groups. Moreover， the Chloriti Lapis group had a tendency to be closer to the control group than the carbamazepine group. Seven differential metabolites were screened， including phosphatidylserine （PS） （18∶0/18∶0）， L-glutamic acid， docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide， arachidonic acid， glucosylsphingosine， cholestane-3，7，12，24，25-pentol and lysophosphatidylcholine （LysoPC） （P-18∶0）. Except for docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide and LysoPC （P-18∶0）， Chloriti Lapis had significant intervening and regulating effects on the other five differential metabolites. There were 12 possible metabolic pathways that affected the metabolic disorder of PTZ-kindled rats， and 3 important metabolic pathways （pathway impact>0.1）， namely， D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism， alanine， aspartate and glutamate metabolism， and arachidonic acid metabolism， among which D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism was the most important metabolic pathways. Conclusion:From this point of view， Chloriti Lapis has a clear intervention effect on PTZ-kindled epileptic rats， which may be related to the intervention of the above differential metabolite contents and related metabolic pathways. It can reduce the toxic effect of excitatory neurotransmitters on neurons in brain tissue and inhibit the development of inflammation in brain tissue， so as to maintain the biological function of brain cells and slow down the occurrence of epilepsy.

Objective:To study the effect of sedimentary type Limonitum on hemostatic indexes in blood and metal ions in serum of rats with hemorrhage. Method:The hemorrhagic rat models were established by warfarin sodium. The experimental animals were divided into control group，model group，powder group and water decoction group. On day 15 from drug administration， the contents of 6-keto prostaglandin F_1α（6-keto-PGF_1α），thromboxane B₂（TXB₂），arachidonic acid（AA），endothelin 1（ET-1），platelet activating factor（PAF），P-selectin（PS），and Ca²⁺ in the whole blood of rats in each group were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The contents of Na，Mg，K，Ca，Fe，Al，Li，Be，Ti，V，Cr，Mn，Co，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Sr，Cd，Sn，Sb，Ba，and Pb in serum samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer（ICP-OES） and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. Result:Compared with the model group，the content of 6-keto-PGF_1α was reduced in the powder group and water decoction group （P<0.05），and the contents of TXB₂，AA，ET-1，PAF，PS，Ca²⁺ were significantly increased（P<0.01），with a positive and beneficial regulatory effect. In the powder group， 10 kinds of metal elements in serum of rats were significantly and positively regulated： Na，K，Ca，Fe，Li，Ti，V，Co，Cu，and Zn（P<0.05，P<0.01）. In the water decoction group， 10 metal elements with significant positive regulation were as follows： Na，K，Ca，Fe，Li，V，Ni，Cu，Zn，and Sr（P<0.05，P<0.01）. In addition，the content of Cr（P<0.01） in the powder group and Cr（P<0.01），Pb（P<0.05） in the water decoction group were significantly reduced. Conclusion:The powder and water decoction of sedimentary type Limonitum had definite and positive intervention effect on warfarin hemorrhage model rats，which could play a coagulation role by enhancing the vasoconstriction ability，promoting the activation of platelets，and increasing the platelet aggregation rate and blood viscosity. The metal elements such as Na，K，Ca，Fe，Li，Ti，V，Co，Cu，Zn，Ni and Sr may be the material basis for sedimentary type Limonitum to exert hemostatic effect. According to the above indicators，the intervention effect of powder group and decoction group was basically the same.

BACKGROUNDThis study aimed to observe the differences in brain gray matter volume in drug-naive female patients after the first episode of major depression with and without stressful life events (SLEs) before the onset of depression.

METHODSForty-three drug-naive female patients voluntarily participated in the present study after the first major depressive episode. The life event scale was used to evaluate the severity of the impact of SLEs during 6 months before the onset of the major depressive episode. High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained, and the VBM and SPM8 software process were used to process and analyze the MRI.

RESULTSCompared to that in patients without SLEs, the volume of brain gray matter was lower in the bilateral temporal lobe, right occipital lobe, and right limbic lobe in the SLE group. However, the gray matter volume did not differ significantly between the two groups after the application of false discovery rate (FDR) correction.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the results of the present study suggest the absence of significant differences in brain gray matter volume between female drug-naive patients after the first episode of major depression with and without SLEs after FDR correction, the study provides useful information for exploring the definitive role of stress in the onset of depression.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Depression ; physiopathology ; Female ; Gray Matter ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Software ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology ; Young Adult

UNLABELLEDObjective: To compare the clinical influence of intramedullary versus extramedullary alignment guides on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in terms of alignment of the lower limbs,intraoperative tourniquet time,and postoperative complications.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 105 patients(210 knees)undergoing bilateral TKA from February 2012 to November 2013. All patients were divided to two groups:40 [age:(66.65 ± 9.57)years] were implanted using intramedullary guides on the tibia and 65 [age:(65.29±9.27)years] were implanted using extramedullary guides on the tibia. Alignment of lower limb,tibial component angle in the sagittal plane,tourniquet time,and postoperative complications were compared.

RESULTSThe gender ratio,age,height,weight,body mass index,and preoperative alignment of lower limbs were not significantly different between these two groups (all P>0.05). The average coronal alignment of lower extremity was (179.69 ± 2.91)° in the intramedullary guides group and (178.26 ± 3.38)° in the extramedullary guides group (P=0.002). The alignment of lower limbs on neutral and valgus position were found in 68 cases(85.00%)in the intramedullary group and in 94 cases (72.31%) in extramedullary group (P=0.033) ;the tourniquet time was (79.46 ± 12.06) min in the intramedullary group and (84.68 ± 8.02) min in the extramedullary group (P=0.001); the postoperative complication rate was 6.25% in intramedullary group and 3.07% in extramedullary group (P=0.279).

CONCLUSIONAlignment and tourniquet time can be significantly improved by the intramedullary instrumentation,while the incidence of complications associated with intramedullary instrumentation is higher than extramedullary instrumentation.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia

OBJECTIVESTo describe the microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility of patients proven prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA)and to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this complication.

METHODSThe medical data of the patients with infected knee arthroplasty, who were managed with revision surgery between January 1995 to December 2011 were reviewed. Twenty-nine cases were identified and majority of the patients were female (23/29). Diagnosis of PJI after primary TKA was between 1 week and 10 years (average 24.3 months). The microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility were analyzed.

RESULTThe overall positive rate of cultures was 65.5% (19/29). The most common organisms identified were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (7/19) and Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) (5/19). Rare pathogens of Mycobacterium (2/19) and fungi (1/19) were also identified. Vancomycin was the most effective antibiotics with overall sensitivity rates of 100%.Resistant and rare pathogens were all in type IV infection.

CONCLUSIONSGram-positive bacterias are the main pathogen, resistant and rare pathogens should be payed attention to. Antibiotic treatment for infected TKA should be based on the results of drug susceptibility. Vancomycin allows infected knee arthroplasties before the result.

Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Knee Prosthesis ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis-Related Infections ; microbiology ; Vancomycin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the amount of blood loss and the efficacy of clotting factor in controlling blood loss during total knee arthroplasty.

METHODSThe medical documents of 18 patients with haemophilic arthritis (HA) secondary to haemophilia A and 19 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data,functional and hematological test results,the amount of blood loss and transfusion,and complications were analyzed.

RESULTSThe median amounts of total and external blood loss were 2240 ml(1892-3415 ml) and 1326 ml(934-2256 ml)in the HA group, which were significant higher than those in the OA group [1746 ml(1259-2246 ml)and 846 ml (504-1217 ml), respectively]. The median amounts of external blood loss in the two groups were 680 ml(370-1330 ml)and 730 ml(200-1190 ml)and there was no significant difference(p=0.620). Moreover, more patients in the HA group required blood transfusion (84.2% vs. 47.4%), and more red cells were transfused per patient in the HA group (2.3 U vs. 0 U).

CONCLUSIONSThe total blood loss and hidden blood loss are higher in the HA patients than in OA patients during total knee arthroplasty, although the external blood loss is basically the same. Management with more clotting factor may decrease the blood loss in HA patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthritis ; etiology ; surgery ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Hemophilia A ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; surgery ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

To investigate the effects of lanosterol (1), inotodiol (2) and trametenolic acid (3) from Inonotus obliquus against oxidative damage induced by CCl4 in mice, 1, 2 and 3 (20, 10 and 5 mg x kg(-1)) were respectively administered to mice, once a day for 3 days. Then the mice were induced to oxidative damage by CCl4 on the third day 30 min after the administration. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reductive glutathione (GSH) in serum and liver homogenate were determined. And the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in serum were detected. The results showed that treatment with compound 1, 2 and 3 could significantly increase the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-PX in serum and liver homogenate. Furthermore, the content of GSH in serum and liver homogenate increased and MDA content decreased markedly. In addition, compound 1, 2 and 3 could significantly inhibit the activities of ALT and AST in serum, and decrease the IL-6 concentration in serum remarkably. So, compound 1, 2 and 3 can protect mice against oxidative stress injury induced by CCl4. Furthermore, compound 1, 2 and 3 can protect cells from damage through inhibition on ALT, AST and the expression of IL-6.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Catalase ; blood ; metabolism ; Female ; Glutathione ; blood ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Lanosterol ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; metabolism ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Polyporaceae ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; metabolism ; Triterpenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy of acetabular antiprotrusio cage for the reconstruction of acetabular bone defect in revision hip arthroplasty.

METHODSTwelve cases of severe acetabular bone defect after total hip arthroplasty were revised with antiprotrusio cage and bone grafting from February 2003 to October 2008. Clinical and radiological data before and after revision surgery were collected and compared for assessment.

RESULTSThe classification of acetabular bone defect of this group of patients according to Paprosky classification was: 2 cases of type IIB, 6 cases of type IIIA and 4 cases of type IIIB. The average postoperative follow-up period was 37 months (9 - 71 months). Mean Harris score of all cases was 35.2 before revision surgery, 80.9 at the first time follow-up and 84.6 at latest follow-up. There were no prosthesis loosening and breakage. There was mild radiolucent line in Delee & Charnley III zone of the acetabulum in one patient 6 month after revision, but no deterioration was found during further follow-up. No further revision was needed in this group of patients during the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSReconstruction of acetabular bone defect using antiprotrusio cage and bone grafting is a useful method to restore the bone defect and stability of the acetabulum. The outcome via short to middle term follow-up is encouraging.

Acetabulum ; surgery ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Reoperation ; Treatment Outcome

Objective In order to investigate the characterization of mutation and genotype distributing in the younger group which was under the universal vaccination. The sequence of HBV was analyzed to offer the information to control and prevention in the area. Methods young person's sera with positive HBsAg are collected, and the Large S sequence of HBV including preS and S gene are amplified and sequenced. The genotype and serotype were determined by clastwal with the standard genotype sequence. And one virus complete genome is amplified. Results The virus gene are successful amplified from the 33 sera. The sequence result indicate the 30of 33 (90.9%) HBV genotype is B and 3 of 33 (9.0%) is C. The HBV serotype including ayw (1), adr (3), adw (29), 5 of 33 mutated in the "a" dominant of HBV, and the percentage is 15.2%. The HBV full length gene of serum number of 5856 is amplified and sequenced. Its genotype is B, serotype is adw and length is 3215 base. Conclusion s The dominant genotype of HuNan is B, and t he dominant serotype is adw.