Objective: To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics including composition of pathogens , clinical characteristics, and disease prognosis acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Chinese children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and laboratory data of 1 610 children <15 years of age with ABM in 33 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients were divided into different groups according to age,<28 days group, 28 days to <3 months group, 3 months to <1 year group, 1-<5 years of age group, 5-<15 years of age group; etiology confirmed group and clinically diagnosed group according to etiology diagnosis. Non-numeric variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, while non-normal distrituction numeric variables were compared with nonparametric test. Results: Among 1 610 children with ABM, 955 were male and 650 were female (5 cases were not provided with gender information), and the age of onset was 1.5 (0.5, 5.5) months. There were 588 cases age from <28 days, 462 cases age from 28 days to <3 months, 302 cases age from 3 months to <1 year of age group, 156 cases in the 1-<5 years of age and 101 cases in the 5-<15 years of age. The detection rates were 38.8% (95/245) and 31.5% (70/222) of Escherichia coli and 27.8% (68/245) and 35.1% (78/222) of Streptococcus agalactiae in infants younger than 28 days of age and 28 days to 3 months of age; the detection rates of Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were 34.3% (61/178), 14.0% (25/178) and 13.5% (24/178) in the 3 months of age to <1 year of age group; the dominant pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and the detection rate were 67.9% (74/109) and 44.4% (16/36) in the 1-<5 years of age and 5-<15 years of age . There were 9.7% (19/195) strains of Escherichia coli producing ultra-broad-spectrum β-lactamases. The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and blood culture were 32.2% (515/1 598) and 25.0% (400/1 598), while 38.2% (126/330)and 25.3% (21/83) in CSF metagenomics next generation sequencing and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection. There were 4.3% (32/790) cases of which CSF white blood cell counts were normal in etiology confirmed group. Among 1 610 children with ABM, main intracranial imaging complications were subdural effusion and (or) empyema in 349 cases (21.7%), hydrocephalus in 233 cases (14.5%), brain abscess in 178 cases (11.1%), and other cerebrovascular diseases, including encephalomalacia, cerebral infarction, and encephalatrophy, in 174 cases (10.8%). Among the 166 cases (10.3%) with unfavorable outcome, 32 cases (2.0%) died among whom 24 cases died before 1 year of age, and 37 cases (2.3%) had recurrence among whom 25 cases had recurrence within 3 weeks. The incidences of subdural effusion and (or) empyema, brain abscess and ependymitis in the etiology confirmed group were significantly higher than those in the clinically diagnosed group (26.2% (207/790) vs. 17.3% (142/820), 13.0% (103/790) vs. 9.1% (75/820), 4.6% (36/790) vs. 2.7% (22/820), χ²=18.71, 6.20, 4.07, all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the unfavorable outcomes, mortility, and recurrence between these 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The onset age of ABM in children is usually within 1 year of age, especially <3 months. The common pathogens in infants <3 months of age are Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae, and the dominant pathogen in infant ≥3 months is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Subdural effusion and (or) empyema and hydrocephalus are common complications. ABM should not be excluded even if CSF white blood cell counts is within normal range. Standardized bacteriological examination should be paid more attention to increase the pathogenic detection rate. Non-culture CSF detection methods may facilitate the pathogenic diagnosis.
Adolescent ; Brain Abscess ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Subdural Effusion ; beta-Lactamases

Objective:To explore the effect of group cognitive behavior therapy (GCBT) on anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in community.Methods:From August to November 2019, patients with moderate COPD in 18 communities in Xuzhou City were randomly divided into the intervention group ( n=240) and the control group ( n=223). The control group received routine management and the intervention group received group cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for 8 weeks on the basis of routine management.Before and after the intervention, FEV 1% predicted value and FEV 1/FVC were measured by pulmonary function tester.Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate the anxiety and depression of patients.St.George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), COPD assessment test (CAT) and modified medical research council dyspnea (mMRC) were used to evaluate the quality of life of patients.SPSS 20.0 software was used for analysis.The χ 2 test, independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results:After 8 weeks of intervention, the anxiety and depression scores of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group (anxiety: (8.23±4.02) vs (10.71±3.60); depression: (7.87±3.73) vs (10.20±3.72)( t=6.415, 6.185, both P<0.01). After the intervention, there was no significant difference in FEV 1%((51.7±12.3)% vs (52.0±12.6)%) predicted value and FEV 1/FVC((57.3±10.8)% vs (56.9±10.7)%) between the two groups( t=-0.259, 0.400, both P>0.05). The scores of CAT, mMRC and SGRQ in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group((17.35±5.78) vs (20.90±8.00), (1.55±0.82) vs (2.30±1.21), (41.78±21.56) vs (57.08±24.46))( t=-5.061, -7.227, -6.580, all P<0.01). Conclusion:Group cognitive behavioral therapy can relieve the anxiety and depression and improve the quality of life of patients with COPD.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between histopathological subtype and the probability of inguinal lymph node metastasis (ILNM) in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). The clinical records of 198 consecutive patients with PSCC were analyzed retrospectively. Primary lesions were reevaluated according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) histopathological classification. We retrieved the clinicopathological factors from the medical records including age, clinical lymph node stage, pathological tumor stage, lymphatic invasion, and nerve invasion. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors of ILNM. Multivariate analyses identified clinical lymph node stage (P = 0.000), pathological tumor stage (P = 0.016), histologic grade (P = 0.000), and risk group of histological subtypes (P = 0.029) as independent predictors for ILNM. Compared with the low-risk group of PSCC subtypes, the intermediate- (HR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.30-10.37, P = 0.021) and high-risk groups (HR: 28.74, 95% CI: 2.37-348.54, P = 0.008) were significantly associated with ILNM. In conclusion, the histopathological subtype of the primary lesion is a significant predictor for ILNM in patients with PSCC.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary* ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; Penile Neoplasms/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of gambogic acid ( GA) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-induced acute lung injury ( ALI) .Methods ALI model was established by the injection of lipopolysaccharide into the tail vein of mice(4mg/kg, iv).The mice were randomly divided into control group (control), model group (model), GA group(GA), and pretreatment with GA of ALI group (GA+LPS).After six hours, the wet/dry weight ratio ( W/D) of the lung, myeloperoxidase ( MPO) activity in lung tissue , total proteins and number of white blood cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) were determined .Tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods .Results Compared with control group, the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung, MPO activity in lung tissue, levels of total pro-teins and number of white blood cells in BALF of LPS group obviously increased , in addition the level of lung tissue TNF-αand IL-1βin LPS group were significantly higher (all P<0.01), while in GA pretreatment groups alleviated all the changes in ALI mice .Conclusions GA pre-treatment attenuated LPS-induced ALI , possibly by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines production so as to decrease the recruitment of neutrophils , reduce pulmonary edema .

The distribution information of Lomatogonium rotatum. was collected by interview investigation and field survey, and 55 related environmental factors were collected, the habitat suitability study was conducted based on geographic information system (GIS) and maximum entropy model. The AUCs of ROC curve were both above 0.99, indicating that the predictive results with the maximum model were highly precise. The results showed that 13 major environmental factors have obvious influence on ecology suitability distributions of L. rotatum, including month average temperature of February et al., the suitable distribution areas are mainly concentrated in the east-central of Inner Mongolia, including Hexigten banner, Duolun county, Zhenglan banner et al., The zoning results basically coincide with the genuine producing areas, and further afford new suitable distribution areas, which can provide reference for L. rotatum's wild nursery and the siting of introduction and cultivation.
China ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Gentianaceae ; growth & development ; Geographic Information Systems ; Rain ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of tanshinone IIA (TS IIA) pretreatment on the expression of the inflammatory factor IL-1β and RelA mRNA in rats with focal cerebral ischemia.

METHODSA total of 100 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely the model, ischemic preconditioning (IPC), TSIIA preconditioning, TSIIA treatment, sham-operated, and blank control groups. In the former 4 groups, rat models of focal cerebral ischemia were established with corresponding treatments. The expressions of IL-1β and RelA mRNA in each group were detected using RT-PCR.

RESULTSAll the groups showed expressions of IL-1β and RelA mRNA with the exception of the blank control group. Compared to the model group, TSIIA preconditioning group, TSIIA treatment group, and IPC group all had significantly reduced expression of IL-1β and RelA mRNA (P < 0.05). The expressions were lower in IPC group than in TSIIA preconditioning group and TSIIA treatment group(P < 0.05), and no significant difference was found in the expressions between the latter two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe protective effect of pretreatment with TS IIA against cerebral ischemia is related to the reduction of IL-1β and RelA mRNA expressions.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus has become epidemic in recent years in China. We investigated the prevalence of hyperglycaemia and inadequate glycaemic control among type 2 diabetic inpatients from ten university teaching hospitals in Guangdong Province, China.

METHODSInadequate glycaemic control in diabetic patients was defined as HbA1c = 6.5%. Therapeutic regimens included no-intervention, lifestyle only, oral antiglycemic agents (OA), insulin plus OA (insulin + OA), or insulin only. Antidiabetic managements included monotherapy, double therapy, triple or quadruple therapy.

RESULTSAmong 493 diabetic inpatients with known history, 75% had HbA1c = 6.5%. Inadequate glucose control rates were more frequently seen in patients on insulin + OA regimen (97%) than on OA regimen (71%) (P < 0.001), and more frequent in patients on combination therapy (81% - 96%) than monotherapy (75%) (P < 0.05). Patients on insulin differed significantly from patients on OA by mean HbA1c, glycemic control rate, diabetes duration, microvascular complications, and BMI (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that glycaemic control of type 2 diabetic patients deteriorated for patients who received insulin and initiation time of insulin was usually delayed. It is up to clinicians to move from the traditional stepwise therapy to a more active and early combination antidiabetic therapy to provide better glucose control.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; epidemiology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged

This study was aimed to explore the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on erythropoiesis and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Using flow cytometry, colony forming assay, blood cell counter, fluorescent real-time quantitation PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the changes in the bone marrow cells (BMCs) proliferation cycle, CFU-E and BFU-E counts, the peripheral blood erythroid related parameters, kidney EPO, BMC GM-CSF, spleen EPO receptor (EPOR) mRNA expression, and serum EPO, GM-CSF, and IL-1 concentrations were all determined after NGF was injected intramuscularly into the thigh of mice, meanwhile the change of BFU-E and CFU-E counts and its relationship with EPO, IL-3 were investigated. The results indicated that the cell proportion in S+G2/M phase, the CFU-E and BFU-E counts of BMCs and the spleen EPOR mRNA expression in injection of NGF (7.5 microg/kg) for 7 days were significantly higher than that in injection of physiological saline for 13-19 days; red blood cell, hemoglobin, and reticulocyte counts increased as well. In vitro, NGF stimulated a dose-dependent increase of CFU-E colonies formation in the semisolid culture system with or without exogenous EPO; the colony counts in the system with NGF alone were significantly higher than that in the system with exogenous EPO alone. The BFU-E counts in the system with exogenous NGF and IL-3 were significantly higher than that in the system with exogenous EPO and IL-3. It is concluded that the NGF promotes the responsibility of hematopoietic cells to EPO and activates the same signal transduction pathway as EPO in hematopoietic cells, and then accelerates the BMCs into mitosis, the HSCs differentiating into erythroid cells, and CFU-E and BFU-E formation.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Erythrocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Erythropoiesis ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; blood ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nerve Growth Factor ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Weiganli on the level of FL in bone marrow and serum of myelosuppressed anemic mice, and to explore it's function on hematopoietic regulation.

METHODModels of myelosuppressed anemic mice were induced by radiation and chemotherapeutic drug, and the mice were randomly divided into normal group, myelosuppressed anemic group, and Weiganli group (high dose 100 g x L(-1), medium dose 50 g x L(-1), low dose 25 g x L(-1)). Effect of Weiganli on the number of the peripheral blood cells and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMC) were evaluated. Effect of Weiganli on the level of FL (Flt3 ligand) was investigated by ELISA technique.

RESULTHigh dose of Weiganli could significantly increase granulocytes, erythrocytes, Hb and BMC, while both the medium dose and the low dose had more significant action in increase of platelet. The level of FL in bone marrow and serum were lower in Weiganli group than that in myelosuppressed anemic group, especially in high and medium dose group.

CONCLUSIONThe myelosuppresion of mice which induced by radiation and chemotherapeutic drug could be significantly relieved by Weiganli.

Anemia ; blood ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; blood ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Myeloid Cells

This paper described a rapid and sensitive HPLC method to analyze (E)-3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene (BTM-0512) in rat plasma and tissues. The analysis used a BDS Hypersil C18 analytical column (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) and acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. The UV detection wavelength was 319 nm. Proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile and diethylstilbestrol as internal standard. The method was validated according to State Food and Drug Administration of China and ICH of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use Guidelines. The limit of detection (S/N: 3/1) for BTM-0512 was 0.005 microg x mL(-1) for plasma. The method performances were shown to be selective for BTM-0512 and the linearity of the assay method was up to 10.0 microg x mL(-1) and 40.0 microg x g(-1) for plasma and tissues, respectively. At 0.1, 1 and 5 microg x mL(-1) (n=5), intraday and interday precision values (% RSD) were in the range of 2.6% - 5.1% and 2.4% - 4.8%, respectively. Mean accuracy and absolute recoveries of BTM-0512 ranged from 95.3% - 100.1% and 95.9% - 100.9% for plasma and tissues, respectively. This method can be quite useful for BTM-0512 pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies, for purpose which multiple plasma and tissue samples can be analyzed quickly with high reproducibility.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Anti-Allergic Agents ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Antineoplastic Agents ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods ; Stilbenes ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Tissue Distribution