Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Shanxi Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide scientific evidence for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: Mumps case data in Shanxi Province were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Prevention and Control. Descriptive epidemiological analysis and age-period-cohort (APC) analysis were carried out on the reported incidence of mumps from 2014 to 2023. Results: A total of 44 360 mumps cases were reported in Shanxi Province from 2014 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 11.78/100 000. The incidence rates were high during 2017-2019, which were 21.00/100 000, 16.76/100 000, and 19.51/100 000, respectively. Males had a higher incidence rate (13.50/100 000) than females (9.98/100 000). Children aged 5-9 years were the most affected group, accounting for 47.29% of total cases. In 2017 and 2019, incidence rates among the 5-15-year-old group were particularly high, reaching 155.08/100 000 and 131.78/100 000, respectively. The APC model age effect, period effect and cohort effect of the reported incidence rate in the high-incidence population aged 0-20 years all had statistical significance ( P <0.05). The age-relative risk ( RR ) decreased from 1.75 in the 0-year-old group to 0.33 in the 20-year-old group, and the birth cohort RR decreased from 2.58 in 1994 to 0.26 in 2023. The morbidity risk of the population aged 0-20 years showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing over time, among which it was the highest in 2017 ( RR =1.23) and the lowest in 2023 ( RR =0.29). Conclusions Shanxi exhibits cyclical mumps epidemics, with school-aged children as the high-risk population. School health management work should be carried out, and the surveillance of mumps in high-risk areas and the routine vaccination of two doses of mumps-containing vaccines for eligible children should be strengthened.

The incidence of blood tumors is getting higher and higher. In addition to traditional chemoradiotherapy, in recent years, with the development of nuclear medicine technology and nuclide, nuclide therapy is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of blood tumors. At present, the main research on the treatment of blood tumors focuses on acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but progress has also been made in other blood tumors. 213Bi and 225Ac-labeled monoclonal antibodies have achieved good results in blood tumors. 225Ac has overcome the short half-life of 213Bi and the problems of transportation and preservation. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the clinical use of α particles. This article reviews the progress of α-particle therapy in blood system, in order to provide a broader idea for the treatment of blood tumors.

Cerebrospinal fluid morphology examination is an important method of diagnosing central nervous system diseases, but manual microscopy has shortcomings such as low efficiency, long staff training period, and poor homogeneity of test results. In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence in the medical field has developed rapidly, providing new technical means for cerebrospinal fluid morphology examination. In the future, AI-assisted morphological examination of cerebrospinal fluid will not only realize digitalization and networking, but also improve the level and efficiency of intelligent diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid morphology, which has a broad application prospect in the intelligent assisted diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated the benefit of complete multivessel revascularization versus culprit-only intervention in patients of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease. However, only a few single-center retrospective studies were performed on small Chinese cohorts. Our study aims to demonstrate the advantage of multivessel percutaneous intervention (PCI) strategy on 30-day in-hospital outcomes to patients with STEMI and multivessel disease in larger Chinese population. METHODS: From the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC-ACS) project, 5935 patients with STEMI and multivessel disease undergoing PCI and hospitalized for fewer than 30 days were analyzed. After 5: 1 propensity score matching, 3577 patients with culprit-only PCI and 877 with in-hospital multivessel PCI were included. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE), defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, all-cause death, stent thrombosis, heart failure, and stroke. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that in-hospital multivessel PCI was associated with lower risk of 30-day MACCE (adjusted OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57-0.98, P = 0.032) than culprit-only PCI and conferred no increased risk of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, stroke, or bleeding. Subgroup analysis showed that MACCE reduction was observed more often from patients with trans-femoral access (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15-0.74) than with trans-radial access (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.66-1.16, P for interaction = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The in-hospital multivessel PCI strategy was associated with a lower risk of 30-day MACCE than culprit-only PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and explore the underlying mechanisms of Longxue Tongluo Capsule (LTC) on ischemic stroke rats. METHODS: Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups, including sham group, sham + LTC group, MCAO group, and MCAO + LTC group. Ischemic stroke rats were simulated by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and LTC treatment group were orally administrated with 300 mg/kg of LTC once daily for seven consecutive days. LTC therapy was validated in terms of neurobehavioral abnormality evaluation, cerebral infarct area, and histological assessments. The plasma metabolome comparisons amongst different groups were conducted by UHPLC-Q Exactive MS in combination with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, aiming to finding the molecules in respond to the surgery or LTC treatment. RESULTS: Intragastric administration of LTC significantly decreased not only the neurobehavioral abnormality scores but also the cerebral infarct area of MCAO rats. The interstitial edema, atrophy, and pyknosis of glial and neuronal cells occurred in the infarcted area, core area, and marginal area of cerebral cortex were improved after LTC treatment. A total of 13 potential biomarkers were observed, and Youden index of 11 biomarkers such as LysoPC, SM, and PE were more than 0.7, which were involved in neuroprotective process. The correlation and pathway analysis showed that LTC was beneficial to ischemic stroke rats via regulating glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, together with nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Heatmap and ternary analysis indicated the synergistic effect of carbohydrates and lipids may be induced by flavonoid intake from LTC. CONCLUSION The present study could provide evidence that metabolomics, as systematic approach, revealed its capacity to evaluate the holistic efficacy of TCM, and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the clinical treatment of LTC on ischemic stroke.

Objective: Whether metabolic redistribution occurs in patients with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown. This study aimed 1) to propose a measure of the brain metabolic network for an individual patient and preliminarily apply it to identify impaired metabolic networks in patients with WMHs, and 2) to explore the clinical and imaging features of metabolic redistribution in patients with WMHs. Materials and Methods: This study included 50 patients with WMHs and 70 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/MRI. Various global property parameters according to graph theory and an individual parameter of brain metabolic network called “individual contribution index” were obtained. Parameter values were compared between the WMH and HC groups. The performance of the parameters in discriminating between the two groups was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The correlation between the individual contribution index and Fazekas score was assessed, and the interaction between age and individual contribution index was determined. A generalized linear model was fitted with the individual contribution index as the dependent variable and the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of nodes in the whole-brain network or seven classic functional networks as independent variables to determine their association. Results: The means ± standard deviations of the individual contribution index were (0.697 ± 10.9) x 10-3 and (0.0967 ± 0.0545) x 10-3 in the WMH and HC groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The AUC of the individual contribution index was 0.864 (95% confidence interval, 0.785–0.943). A positive correlation was identified between the individual contribution index and the Fazekas scores in patients with WMHs (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). Age and individual contribution index demonstrated a significant interaction effect on the Fazekas score. A significant direct association was observed between the individual contribution index and the SUVmean of the limbic network (p < 0.001). Conclusion The individual contribution index may demonstrate the redistribution of the brain metabolic network in patients with WMHs.

In the fifth scientific and technological revolution， information technology is the first productivity， which has a great impact on the supply and demand of medical services. Generally， internet medicine is equivalent to the combination between health industry and information technology. "Healthy China" strategy is China's "priority development strategy"， which adheres to the principle of health equity， emphasizes the integration of health into all policies， and takes co-construction and sharing as the basic path. With implementing internet medicine， "Healthy China" strategy promotes the mobility of medical service with three tools： interconnection， data and artificial intelligence. This enhances the operation efficiency of overall medical and health system， and optimizes the allocation of medical resources. The future development of internet medicine follows the double helix mode driven by technology and policy， and the policy determines the development boundary of the industry. On the basis to ensure medical safety， we should explore the possibility of internet diagnosis and treatment further， and pay attention to the fairness of resource allocation while improving efficiency， so as to realize the co-construction and sharing of health services.

Internet medicine is not a concept of jurisprudence. China's current medical law system mainly focuses on main qualifications of the participants who conduct diagnosis and treatment. This paper focuses on several business models of the core element （diagnosis and treatment） in internet medicine， namely： online health consultation provided by internet medical platform， online diagnosis and treatment by internet hospital， and certain artificial intelligence（AI） medicine products that are specialized for diagnosis and treatment. This paper summarizes the development of these three business models， and analyzes the main problems in their development， including the legitimacy identification of online consultation， the dilemma of the development of internet hospitals， the impact of insufficient sample data on the development of medical AI， and the reverse restriction of regulatory difficulties to the development of internet medicine. The next step of developing internet medicine is to broaden the scope of internet diagnosis and treatment on the premise of medical safety， which will be based on the improvement of current regulatory system. It is urgent to build early risk warning system and supervision/ management mechanism for internet medicine.

The penetration and integration of internet with medical industry is apparently falling behind its interaction with other industries in terms of speed and scale. The main reason is due to the high risk and difficult supervision of internet medicine. Based on the regulatory context， this paper analyzes the endogenous and exogenous risk of internet medicine. The inherent characteristics of the internet （such as openness， diversity， multi subjectivity， virtuality， transparency， and high aggregation） lead to endogenous risks， including jurisdiction disputes， uncertainty of rights and obligations， security of personal information and medical information， monopoly. The lag of specific law in internet medicine， the lack of extensibility and synergy of traditional hierarchical regulatory system， the uncertainty of internet hospital regulatory policy details， the lack of technical specifications/operating procedures and other external system coverage in internet diagnosis and treatment lead to regulatory blind areas and exogenous risks. Based on the risk analysis， this paper discusses further construction of the mechanisms of risk assessment and regulation for internet medicine.

As a new form of medical industry， internet medicine has not only the endogenous risk of internet industry， but also the blind area and exogenous risk because of lagging regulation. With the continuous progress of internet information technology， online diagnosis and treatment will gradually integrate and reconstruct the traditional medical service. In the history of medical development， the emergence of new technologies generally has the characteristics of risk. Therefore， the supervision of internet medicine should adhere to the rule of inclusiveness and prudence， and take into account the cultivation of the market and standardized development. It should also build a regulatory community， coordinate governance from the four dimensions of legitimacy， compliance， rationality and superiority. Taking the law as the bottom line， we should make full use of early online warning monitoring， off-site supervision， online supervision， reputation mechanism and other measures to promote the innovative development of internet medicine under the framework of legal compliance.