The self-care level of patients with chronic diseases changes over time, and trajectories can describe this dynamic process. This paper reviews the concept, origin, development and self-care trajectory of chronic disease patients in order to understand the current self-care trajectory, influencing factors and self-care intervention programs of chronic disease patients, and to look forward to the development of chronic disease self-care in China. It lays the foundation for the formulation of self-care intervention programs for patients with chronic diseases in China, so as to comprehensively and permanently improve the self-care level of patients with chronic diseases.

Objective:To explore the research hotspots and evolution of Common Sense Model (CSM) , in order to provide a clearer research direction for nursing workers to improve health-related outcomes of patients from the perspective of health psychology.Methods:English literature related to CSM was searched in Web of Science Core Collection database from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 2020. VOSviewer 1.6.15 software was used to draw a visual map of keyword density, clustering and time distribution and CiteSpace 5.6.R5 software was used to detect emerging words.Results:Finally, 364 papers were included, and the annual publication volume and citation frequency of CSM research showed an overall upward trend. CSM research hotspots mainly focused on interpreting or intervening patients' perception of disease, in order to improve self-management of patients, compliance, quality of life, anxiety, depression and psychological distress. The research objects were mainly cancer patients. Social support and psychological distress were explored based on the CSM framework and using Meta-analysis methods to summarize may be an important part of future CSM research work. CSM research was currently in the stage of summarizing and deepening after theoretical perfection and extensive application.Conclusions:The annual publication volume and citation frequency of CSM research have generally shown an upward trend, which has attracted the attention of domestic scholars, but there is still a big gap compared with foreign countries. Future research can explore the role of social support in the process of individual self-regulation after illness and explore effective methods to intervene in patients' negative disease perception through Meta-analysis, in order to improve patients' health outcomes.

Objective:To explore the factors affecting curative effect of motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) training on upper limb paralysis for subacute stroke patients. Methods:From January, 2018 to July, 2019, 23 inpatients with post-stroke upper limb paralysis accepting MI-BCI training were reviewed. The gender, age, course of disease, aphasia, location and nature of lesion, history of Botulinum toxin, hemisphere injured and modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score of affected fingers were recorded, and they were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) before and four weeks after MI-BCI training. According to improvement of FMA-UE wrist and hand scores (≥ 2), the patients were divided into effective group (n = 11) and inefficacy group (n = 12). Results:The MAS scores before MI-BCI training (t = 2.677, P < 0.05) and history of botulinum toxin (Z = 0.000, P < 0.05) were more in the inefficacy group than in the efficacy group. FMA-UE scores (total and dimensions) after training were correlated to their baseline levels (r > 0.831, P < 0.01), FMA-UE total scores (Eta = 0.453, P < 0.05) and upper arms scores (Eta = 0.506, P < 0.05) were correlated to aphasia, FMA-UE scores of hands were correlated with MAS (r = -0.521, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Poor baseline motor function, spasticity and complication with aphasia were the factors unfavorable to MI-BCI training for subacute stroke patients with upper limb paralysis.

Objective:To observe the effect of curricular reforms of physical medicine and rehabilitation in medical engineering interdisciplinary on learning of eight-year medical students. Methods:The eight-year medical students studying Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Tsinghua University in 2018 and 2019 were enrolled into control group (n = 20) and observation group (n = 18), respectively. The control group used routine courses and studied with teachers of rehabilitation medicine; while the observation group added neuroscience theory and new advances, the development of functional magnetic resonance and application in rehabilitation medicine, new technology and progress in medical engineering in the course, and studied with teachers of electronic engineering, mechanical engineering and medicine. Their performances were compared. The observation group was surveyed with self-designed questionaire. Results:The performance of paper test, general test and total test were higher in the observation group than in the control group (t > 2.694, P < 0.01). The questionnaire showed that the observation group could better understand the course of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the development of medical engineering interdisciplinary crossing and translational research within physical medicine and rehabilitation, and they thought it was more necessary to study the new course after the curriculum finished (|Z| > 2.304, P < 0.05). The proportion of students who were interested and very interested in medical engineering interdisciplinary crossing and translational research within physical medicine and rehabilitation increased from 77.78% to 94.44% (P = 0.222), and the the proportion of students who were probably and very probably engaged in physical medicine and rehabilitation increased from 61.11% to 83.33% (P =0.043). Conclusion:The curricular reforms in medical engineering interdisciplinary crossing could raise the interest and improve the test performance of eight-year students with physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Objective:To investigate the topological alterations in brain functional networks following comprehensive treatment including brain-computer interface (BCI) training in subacute stroke subjects. Methods:From January, 2018 to June, 2019, 14 subacute stroke patients with moderate to severe upper limbs paralysis accepted routine physical therapy, occupational therapy and BCI training based on motor imagery, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) before and after treatment, while the functional connectivity (FC) was investigated with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results:The scores of FMA-UE, ARAT and WMFT increased after treatment (|t| > 5.298, Z = -3.297, P < 0.01). The FC also increased across the whole brain, including temporal, parietal, occipital lobes and subcortical regions. The FC between left piriform cortex of parietal lobule (BA5L) and right medial surface of temporal lobe (BA48R), as well as those between left precentral gyrus (BA4L) and right anterior transverse temporal gyrus (BA41R) (r > 0.416, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Comprehensive rehabilitation including BCI training may promote recovery of motor function and activities of FC in brain in subacute stroke patients.

Objective: To explore the value of baseline geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in evaluating the prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who underwent peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: The clinical data of patients who underwent PD catheterization and started PD therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2013 to December 30, 2018 were collected retrospectively. The follow-up endpoint was death or hemodialysis. The follow-up deadline was March 1, 2019. The GNRI cut-off value was determined according to the ROC curve, and the patients were divided into GNRI≤90.5 group and GNRI>90.5 group. The differences of clinical data and laboratory tests were compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the difference in PD rate between the two groups during follow-up, and the factors that affecting patients PD withdrawal were analyzed by Cox regression. Results: The GNRI cut-off value was determined to be 90.5 based on the ROC curve. Until the deadline for follow-up, the drop-out rate of GNRI≤90.5 group was significantly higher than the GNRI>90.5 group (35.88% vs 21.58%, P=0.003). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed a higher rate of maintaining PD in the GNRI>90.5 group than that in GNRI≤90.5 group during follow-up (P=0.021). Cox univariate regression showed that male, GNRI and serum Alb were protective factors for PD patients, and Scr was a risk factor. After multiple factors correction, male and GNRI were also the protective factors for PD patients. Conclusion As an objective indicator of nutritional evaluation, baseline GNRI can be used as a prognostic indicator for PD patients.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most active fraction of compost organic matter. The presence of the redox-active functional groups in DOM allows it to act an electron shuttle to promote the electron transfer between microorganisms and terminal electron acceptors. In this study, the electron transfer capacities (ETCs) of compost DOM samples at eight different composting stages were determined by electrochemical method. The 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and Diquat dibro-mide monohydrate (DQ) were used to measured electron donating capacity (EDC) and electron accepting capacity(EAC) with working voltage 0.61 V/-0.49 V,respective. The evolution characteristics of the chemical structures and components were analyzed by combining the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra,fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and elemental analysis. The results showed that the electron donating capacity(EDC) of DOMincreased from 16.850 μmol e-/(g C) to 22.077 μmol e-/(g C), The corresponding electron accepting capacity (EAC) decreased from 1.866 μmol e-/(g C)to 1.779 μmol e-/(g C). The results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy show that the relative contents of humuc-likeand protein-like components gradually increased and decreased, respectively, during the composting process. The humuc-like components were the main contributor for the ETC of DOM. FTIR spectra shows that there was no significant change in the hydroxyl and carboxyl group contentsof DOM during composting, suggesting no contribution of these function groups to the ETC of DOM. The elemental analysis showed that the content of oxygen in the DOM increased during the composting process, while the sulfur-containing group may be dominated contributor forits ETC.

The chemical consituents from the stems and leaves of Psychotria serpens were separated and purified by column chromatographies with silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and PR-HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analyses, as well as comparisons with the data reported in literature. 18 compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of P. serpens, which were identified as chrysin(1), acacetin(2), genkwanin(3), chrysoeriol(4), rhamnocitrin(5), isorhamnetin(6), tricin(7), jaceosidin(8), dillenetin(9), kumatakenin(10), ayanin(11), isosakuranetin(12), eriodictyol(13), homoeriodictyol(14), taxifolin(15), pomonic acid(16), fupenzic acid(17) and euscaphic acid(18). All compounds were isolated from the genus Psychotria for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Stems ; Psychotria

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is prevalent in obesity and is associated with many metabolic abnormalities. The relationship between OSAS and bone metabolism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of OSAS and bone metabolic markers. Methods: A total of 119 obese males were enrolled in this study in spring months from 2015 to 2017. All candidates underwent polysomnography, and their bone mineral density (BMD) and the serum levels of total procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (t-P1NP), N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX), vitamin D (VD), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured. The analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis were performed for data analyses. Results: No significant differences in the mean values of BMD were observed among the obesity, mild-to-moderate OSAS, and severe OSAS groups; and the serum levels of t-P1NP and β-CTX in the severe OSAS group were significantly higher than those in the obesity group (48.42 ± 23.78 ng/ml vs. 31.98 ± 9.85 ng/ml, P < 0.001; 0.53 ± 0.24 ng/ml vs. 0.41 ± 0.13 ng/ml, P = 0.011, respectively). The serum level of VD in the obesity group was significantly higher than those in the mild-to-moderate and severe OSAS groups (both P < 0.001), and decreased as the severity of OSAS increased (P < 0.001). The serum level of PTH in the severe OSAS group was significantly higher than those in the obesity and mild-to-moderate OSAS groups (both P < 0.001). The results of correlation analysis indicated that the level of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was correlated with the levels of t-P1NP (r = 0.396, P < 0.001), VD (r = -0.404, P < 0.001), and PTH (r = 0.400, P < 0.001), whereas the level of minimum Osaturation (SaOmin) was correlated with the levels of VD (r = 0.258, P = 0.016) and PTH (r = -0.376, P < 0.001). Conclusions The levels of bone resorption and formation markers in patients with severe OSAS were significantly increased compared to obese men, and the severity of OSAS was correlated with the serum levels of t-P1NP, VD, and PTH.
Biomarkers ; blood ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications

Objective To study the changes of oral flora in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis,in order to provide evidence for making oral nursing intervention and hygiene education. Methods 35 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis were named as group A,35 non-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (diagnostic criteria:periodontal pocket 14 mm) were named as group B,35 nonketotic patients with diabetes mellitus were named as group C,then all the patients were detected for the oral disease and the oral hygiene was evaluated. Results The gingival index,plaque index,tooth mobility,probing depth and hemorrhage after the detection of three groups had no significant differences. The detection rate of streptococcus oralis, lactobacillus,fusobacterium nucleatum,black-pigment bacteria,Capnocytophaga gingivalis,actinomycetes, escherichia coli,staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa had no significant differences,there was a positive correlation between quantity of black-pigment bacteria, Capnocytophaga gingivalis and fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Conclusions Diabetic ketoacidosis strengthened the bacterial invasion and oral colonization of patients.