Objective To study the compliance and influencing factors of inhalation therapy in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and carry out patient education and management accordingly. Methods COPD patients were selected from respiratory clinic of Luodian Hospital of Baoshan District of Shanghai from June to December in 2021. Compliance and inhalation techniques were assessed with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and the ten-step inhalation technique, and the factors influencing compliance were analyzed. Results A total of 58 outpatients with COPD were included, in which 25 cases (43.1%) with moderate or above compliance. Univariate analysis showed that the patients with course of disease ≥5 years, COPD assessment test(CAT)≥10 points, used 2 inhalation devices and inhalation technique score ≥8 points had better compliance when compared with other patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Patient education and management should be carried out actively. The patients with course of disease<5 years, CAT<10 points should be highly concerned. The inhalation devices should be chosen according to the patients' condition. Training on the use of devices should be strengthened and regularly follow-up evaluation should be carried out.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influenza virus infection status of influenza-like illness (ILI) at a sentinel hospital in Baoshan District of Shanghai, to explore the seasonal patterns of influenza, so as to provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control in Baoshan District of Shanghai. MethodsSurveillance data and pathogenic testing results of ILI from the monitoring year of 2015 to 2023 were collected from the sentinel hospital to describe the seasonal epidemic characteristics of influenza in this district. ResultsThe proportion of ILI visits to sentinel hospital in Baoshan District of Shanghai showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2023 (Z=2.598, P=0.09). The positive rate of influenza virus in ILI was 20.43% (1 761/8 621), of which 14.17% were positive for influenza A virus, including 8.43% for influenza A/H3N2 and 5.74% for influenza A/H1N1. The positive rate of influenza B virus was 6.25%, of which the positive detection rate of influenza B/Victoria virus was 5.35%, while that of influenza B/Yamagata virus was 0.90%. Influenza B/Yamagata virus was not detected in 2019‒2023. The highest positivity rate was observed in the 5‒<15 years age group (25.57%). The positive rate of ILI was lower in males (19.90%) than that in females (20.90%). There were three patterns of influenza epidemic in the district: with year-round circulation in 2016‒2017 and 2021‒2022; with bimodal peaks in 2015‒2016, 2017‒2018 and 2022‒2023; and with one peak in 2018‒2019 and 2019‒2020. The positive rate of influenza virus exhibited seasonal variations, with influenza A virus predominated in summer and autumn. However, influenza B virus showed an increase in spring and winter. ConclusionThe influenza epidemic in Baoshan District, Shanghai exhibits diverse patterns with heterogeneous epidemiological characteristics across different age groups and seasons. Notably, children and adolescents aged 5‒<15 years constitute the key target population for influenza prevention and control. Enhanced surveillance and targeted control measures against influenza A/H3N2 lineage viruses are particularly warranted during summer and autumn seasons.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To describe the clinical features, causal agent and transmission mode of a fever outbreak in a school in Shanghai. Methods: Field epidemiological approaches including case definition development, searching for contacts, distribution of diseases description, environmental sampling and laboratory testing. Results: A total of 16 influenza like cases were included, all concentrated in the one class of grade two, including 15 students and 1 teacher. Among student cases, the incidence rate was 36.59% (15/41), the average age was 7.4 years, the incidence rate was 36.84%(7/19) for boys, 36.36%(8/22) for girls. The clinical course was 5-15 days, with the median of 9 days, and 18.75%(3/16) of the cases stayed studying while sick. The nasopharyngeal swab specimens in 16 cases all tested positive for influenza B, of which 11 tested positive for mycoplasma pneumoniae and 1 case also tested positive for coronavirus OC43. Body temperature, number of mononuclear cells, and treatment time of patients infected with Influenza B and mycoplasma pneumoniae were higher than those of patients infected with influenza B alone( P <0.05). The outbreak lasted for 12 days, all sick students were treated and discharged from hospital, with no severe cases or death, and the outbreak was effectively controlled. Conclusion This campus cluster outbreak caused by influenza B and mycoplasma pneumoniae. Patients with influenza B with mycoplasma pneumoniae have severe symptoms and a long course of illness, suggesting the importance of early management of the epidemic.

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effects of arthroscopically artificial ligament reconstruction with tensional remnant-repair in patients who are obese, and/or with demand for highly intensive sports, and/or with poor-quality ligament remnants. METHODS: A retrospective case series study was performed on patients treated by arthroscopically anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) reconstruction with tensional remnant repair technique from January 2019 to August 2021. General data, including demographics, surgical time, and postoperative adverse events, were recorded. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (AOFAS), foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM), visual analog scale (VAS), and anterior talar translation were measured preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 2 years postoperatively. Ultrasonography examination was performed preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively to evaluate the ATFL. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. F test was used to analyze the pre- and postoperative VAS, FAAM, and AOFAS scores. The significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: There were 20 males and 10 females among the patients with a mean age of (30.71 ± 5.81) years. The average surgical time was (40.21 ± 8.59) min. No adverse events were observed after surgery. At 2 years postoperatively, the anterior talar translation test showed grade 0 laxity in all patients. VAS score significantly decreased from preoperatively to 6 weeks, 3 months, and 2 years postoperatively (p < 0.001). Improvement of FAAM score and the AOFAS score from preoperatively to 6 weeks, 3 months, and 2 years postoperatively was statistically significant (p < 0.001). At 3 months postoperatively, most patients (23/30) could return to their pre-injured activities of daily living status. At 2 years postoperatively, all patients were able to return to their pre-injured activities of daily living status, and almost every patient (18/19) who expected highly intensive sports returned to sports with only 1 obese patient failing to achieve the goal. The ultrasonography examination at 2 years postoperatively showed that there was a linear band structure of soft tissue on the tension-rich fiber tape image from the fibular to the talar attachment sits of ATFL. CONCLUSION The novel arthroscopically artificial ligament reconstruction with tensional remnant-repair technique for ATFL achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes in the short and medium term after operation, and allowed early return to pre-injured activities, which could be a reliable option for patients with chronic lateral ankle instability.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Ankle Joint/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Activities of Daily Living ; Ankle Injuries/surgery* ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle/surgery* ; Joint Instability/surgery* ; Ligaments ; Obesity ; Arthroscopy/methods*

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of cluster vomiting diarrhea outbreaks caused by Sapovirus infection in Baoshan District, Shanghai, and to provide reference for the standardized management of cluster vomiting diarrhea events in schools. Methods: The cluster of vomiting and diarrhea outbreaks in Baoshan District from 2017 to 2019 were collected, and the basic information and scene of each cluster were summarized. Sample results were collected and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak. Results: From 2017 to 2019, a total of 100 cluster vomiting and diarrhea events were reported in Baoshan District, including 9 cases caused by Sapovirus, 120 cases of cluster vomiting diarrhea caused by Sapovirus, with an average incidence rate of 2.37%, including 39 laboratory confirmed cases, the epidemic epidemic time was mainly concentrated in September to November, the places were distributed in 4 primary schools and 5 kindergartens, the main clinical manifestations were vomiting (112/120, 93.33%), abdominal pain (27/120, 22.50%), diarrhea (26/120, 21.67%), compared with Norovirus events, the positive rate, vomiting and fever ratios of Zarovirus were lower than those of Norovirus( χ 2=8.32, 4.52, 14.20, P <0.05). Conclusion In school cluster vomiting and diarrhea events, the positive detection rate of Sapovirus is second enteric vinus behind Norovirus, and it s recommended to formulate a prevention and control plan for Sapovirus infection diarrhea to provide a basis for the on site treatment of school cluster vomiting diarrhea events.

Objective To screen for malignant tumors and high-risk factors in rural residents over 60 years old， so as to prevent and control the occurrence and development of tumors in the future. Methods The survey was conducted with reference to part of the questionnaire in the "Urban Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Project and Evaluation of High-risk Populations". Clinical examinations included serum tumor marker detection， CT screening for lung cancer， occult blood （+） plus colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer， and mammography screening. Individuals who were positive in the abovementioned clinical tests were defined as high-risk subjects. Results A total of 271 high-risk subjects （1.91%） were screened out of 14 161. Among the high-risk subjects， 71 cases of malignant tumors （26.19%） were found， with an incidence rate of 501.38 per 10⁵. The top five tumors （63.38% of all diagnosed） were mainly concentrated in lung， upper digestive tract， blood system， urinary system， and rectum-colon. The proportion of malignant tumors detected by positive indicators was 61.54% of blood； 46.15% of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 125； 23.08% of alpha-fetoprotein； 16.66% of lung CT； and 3.09% of prostate PSA. The positive indicators in the high-risk subjects were mainly for the tumors in the prostate， lungs， liver， and CEA/CA125. The subjects with positive test indicators had lower average annual income in the last 5 years than the normal subject group （χ²=3.380， P=0.040）. The subjects with positive test indicators had higher proportion in family history of tumors than the normal group （χ²=2.596， P=0.046）. People in thehigh-risk group had a higher proportion than the normal group in suffering from hypertension， liver disease， gastrointestinal disease， respiratory system disease， and surgical treatment. Patients with high-risk tumors were found to have higher proportion than the normal group in showing pre-tumor clinical symptoms in the last 1 year. Study of the tumor-related risk factors found that the high-risk group had a higher proportion of high-fat/high-cholesterol diet， alcohol drinking， passive smoking， and personality depression. Conclusion High tumor risk factors have been identified in this population. It is necessary to strengthen the corresponding intervention and follow-up treatment of precancerous diseases in the future. We recommend the government to conduct tumor screening among high-risk groups to improve cost-effectiveness.

Objective:To explore the ideal method of minimally invasive anterior lumbar extraperitoneal approach.Methods:Twenty-one adult embalmed cadavers underwent longitudinal incision near the left rectus abdominis, the extraperitoneal space and peritoneal characteristics were observed; the L 2-S 1 disc was exposed through extraperitoneal approach, and the relationship between the anterior large vessels and the disc was observed. One hundred adult abdominal CT were collected to measure the distance between the extraperitoneal fat of anterior abdominal wall and the rectus abdominis and the anterior midline at L 2-S 1 segment. One hundred and fifty adult lumbar MRI were collected to measure the distance between the anterior great vessels and the anterior midline of the intervertebral disc. Fifty-six cases of lumbar fusion were performed by minimally invasive anterior lumbar extraperitoneal approach, including 25 males and 31 females, aged 29-71 years. L 2-L 4 in 8 cases was performed by left rectus abdominis oblique incision, and L 4-S 1 in 48 cases was performed by median left transverse incision, with a length of about 8 cm, the complications related to the surgical approach were evaluated. Results:L 2-L 4 was proximal to the arcuate line, the posterior sheath of rectus abdominis adhered to the peritoneum, which was easy to rupture when separated; the peritoneum gradually thickened from the outer edge of the sheath of rectus abdominis and extraperitoneal fat appears. L 4-S 1 could be exposed distal to the arcuate line, the posterior side of rectus abdominis was extraperitoneal fat, the extension of arcuate line to the lateral abdominal wall would be slightly separated proximally, and there were multiple iliopsoas veins in the medial side of psoas major muscle. L 5S 1 was between the right common iliac artery and the left common iliac vein far, the median sacral vessel was small or absent, and the sympathetic nerve was to the left. Extraperitoneal fat appeared 36.2±9.9 mm, 35.2±11.6 mm and 27.6±11.2 mm away from the outer edge of rectus abdominis at L 2, 3, L 3, 4 and L 4, 5 segments respectively, and covered the posterior side of rectus abdominis and reached the midline at L 5S 1 segment. The left edge of abdominal aorta was 14.9±5.1 mm, 13.9±4.6 mm and 19.7±5.9 mm away from the midline at L 2, 3, L 3, 4 and L 4, 5 level respectively; the inferior vena cava was located on the right side of the midline at L 2, 3 and L 3, 4 level, crossed the midline 4.6±8.7 mm at L 4, 5 level. At L 5S 1 level, the left common iliac vein and the right common iliac artery were 14.6±6.8 mm and 17.6±5.3 mm away from the midline respectively. Seventy-six patients were successfully and fully exposed by small incision through extraperitoneal approach. 1 case of L 4, 5 had iliac lumbar vein tear and hemostasis with bipolar electrocoagulation. The operation time was 70-120 min, with an average of 90 min; Intraoperative bleeding was 15-70 ml, with an average of 30 ml. No severe complication such as nerve and great vessel injury occurred. Conclusion:Minimally invasive lumbar anterior retroperitoneal approach has small trauma and sufficient exposure with good feasibility. L 2-L 4 can be exposed with supine position and oblique incision next to the left rectus abdominis muscle, and L 4~S 1 with French position and median left transverse incision.

Objective:To evaluate the value and efficacy of microscope-assisted minimally invasive anterior lumbar discectomy and zero-profile fusion (ALDF) for lumbar degenerative diseases.Methods:Anterior lumbar distractors were designed to maintain the distraction of intervertebral space and expose the posterior edge of the intervertebral space. From June 2018 to December 2020, 41 cases of lumbar degenerative diseases were treated with this operation, including 19 men and 22 women, aged 29-71 years old (average 42.1 years old). All patients had intractable low back pain. Imaging examination showed lumbar disc degeneration with narrow intervertebral space, including disc herniation with Modic changes in 7 cases, spinal stenosis with instability in 16 cases and spondylolisthesis in 18 cases. The involved levels included L 2,3 in 1 case, L 3,4 in 3 cases, L 2-L 4 in 1 case, L 4,5 in 17 cases and L 5S 1 in 19 cases. An incision was taken that was pararectus for L 2-L 4 and transverse for L 4-S 1, with the intervertebral disc exposed via extraperitoneal approach. The intervertebral space was released and distracted after discectomy in intervertebral space, and self-made distractors were used to maintain the space. Under microscope, the herniation, posterior annulus and osteophyte were removed for sufficient decompression, with a suitable self-anchoring cage implanted into the intervertebral space. The visual analogue score (VAS), Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), intervertebral space height, lordosis angle and spondylolisthesis rate were evaluated. Results:Operations were performed successfully in all the patients. The operation time was 70-120 min with an average of 90 min, and the intraoperative blood loss was 15-70 ml with an average of 30 ml. No severe complication such as nerve or blood vessel injury occurred. The patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months, with an average of 18 months. At the last follow-up, VAS decreased from 6.4±2.3 to 1.1±0.9, and ODI decreased from 44.9%±16.9% to 5.8%±4.7%. Intervertebral space height recovered from 7.2±2.8 mm to 12.1±2.1 mm and lordosis angle recovered from 6.9°±4.8° to 10.1°±4.6°. X-ray showed significant recovery of intervertebral space height, lordosis angle and spondylolisthesis rate, with obvious interbody fusion and no displacement of cage. For 18 patients of spondylolisthesis, the slippage recovered from 16.6%±9.3% to 7.6%±5.3%, with an average improvement of 54.2%.Conclusion:Microscope-assisted minimally invasive ALDF can provide sufficient decompression and zero-profile fusion for lumbar degenerative diseases with satisfactory results during short-term follow-up.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and validity of enriched autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and annular suture for repairing defect after lumbar discectomy.Methods:Enrichment of autologous BMSCs: autologous bone marrow blood was collected from 5 patients undergoing lumbar surgery, and nucleated cells were enriched on gelatin sponge particles by selective cell retention technique. From October 2016 to March 2019, 109 patients with lumbar disc herniation underwent discectomy with mobile microendoscopic discectomy technique, including 61 males and 48 females, aged 24-59 years. Discectomy group: 26 cases received simple discectomy. Suture group: 39 cases received annular suture after discectomy. BMSCs+suture group: 44 cases received intradisc transplantation of gelatin sponge particles enriched with autologous BMSCs and annular suture after discectomy. The perioperative conditions were recorded, with visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), Pfirrmann grade of disc degeneration, disc height and degree of herniationevaluated after operation.Results:In enrichment test with flow cytometry, the enrichment multiple of nucleated cells and target cells was 6.4±0.9 and 4.2±0.6 respectively, and BMSCs grew well in vitro. The operation time was 35-55 mins. 7 cases in the suture group were transferred to the discectomy group and 10 cases in the BMSCs+suture group were transferred to BMSCs group due to unsuccessful suture. There were no significant differences in VAS, ODI, Pfirrmann grade of disc degeneration, disc height and degree of herniation among the groups. There was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage and length of hospital stay. The incision was healed without redness and swelling. 18 patients were followed up for 6 months, and 91 cases were followed up for 1-3 years (25.0±5.6 months). There was no interbody fusion, heterotopic ossification or infection during follow-up. VAS and ODI decreased significantly after operation in all patients. At final follow-up, the VAS improvement rate of BMSCs+suture group (81.7%±7.9%) was higher than discectomy group (73.0%±8.9%), suture group (74.0%±6.9%) and BMSCs group (75.3%±8.4%); the ODI improvement rate of BMSCs+suture group (91.9%±8.8%) was higher than discectomy group (86.2%±8.1%) and suture group (86.4%±5.5%). According to MRI, the Pfirrmann grade of disc increased 0.7 in discectomy group, 0.6 in suture group, while it did not increased significantly in BMSCs+suture group and BMSCs group, and the progress of Pfirrmann grade in BMSCs+suture group and BMSCs group were lighter than discectomy group and suture group.The disc height decreased in each group, the loss rate of disc height in BMSCs+suture group (17.2%±4.3%) was less than discectomy group (29.3%± 6.3%) and suture group (20.6%±5.7%); and suture group was less than discectomy group. The degree of herniation was reduced by more than 50% in all groups, while 1 case in discectomy group had herniation without clinical symptoms.Conclusion:Autologous BMSCs and annulus suture are safe and effective in repairing the defect after lumbar discectomy, which may help to slow down the degeneration of intervertebral disc.