Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

Gastric cancer ranks fifth in global cancer mortality,which is highly aggressive and heterogeneous.How-ever,the research and treatment of gastric cancer is hindered by short of research models that may characterize the developmental properties of gastric cancer.Gastric cancer organoid is a multicellular three-dimensional structure de-veloped in vitro,which can mimic the structure and function of native gastric cancer.Gastric cancer organoids have great application potential and development prospects in establishing gastric cancer research models,mimicking the tumor microenvironment,high-throughput screening of drugs,discovering new therapeutic targets,predicting clinical therapeutic responses,and guiding individualized treatment.In this paper,the progress of gastric cancer or-ganoids in basic research and clinical application is reviewed aiming for promoting the progress of preclinical re-search and supporting the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.

Periarticular fracture of the shoulder is a common type of fractures in the elderly. Postoperative adverse events such as internal fixation failure, humeral head ischemic necrosis and upper limb dysfunction occur frequently, which seriously endangers the exercise and health of the elderly. Compared with the fracture with normal bone mass, the osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder is complicated with slow healing and poor rehabilitation, so the clinical management becomes more difficult. At present, there is no targeted guideline or consensus for this type of fracture in China. In such context, experts from Youth Osteoporosis Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatrics Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Osteoporosis Group of Youth Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons and Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Chinese Integrative Medicine developed the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder in the elderly ( version 2023). Nine recommendations were put forward from the aspects of diagnosis, treatment strategies and rehabilitation of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder, hoping to promote the standardized, systematic and personalized diagnosis and treatment concept and improve functional outcomes and quality of life in elderly patients with osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder.

Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the main complications in patients with traumatic fractures, and for severe patients, the DVT can even affect arterial blood supply, resulting in insufficient limb blood supply. If the thrombus breaks off, pulmonary embolism may occur, with a high mortality. The treatment and rehabilitation strategies of thrombosis in patients with lower extremity fractures have its particularity. DVT in traumatic fractures patients has attracted extensive attention and been largely studied, and the measures for prevention and treatment of DVT are constantly developing. In recent years, a series of thrombosis prevention and treatment guidelines have been updated at home and abroad, but there are still many doubts about the prevention and treatment of DVT in patients with different traumatic fractures. Accordingly, on the basis of summarizing the latest evidence-based medical evidence at home and abroad and the clinical experience of the majority of experts, the authors summarize the clinical treatment and prevention protocols for DVT in patients with traumatic fractures, and make this consensus on the examination and assessment, treatment, prevention and preventive measures for DVT in patients with different fractures so as to provide a practicable approach suitable for China ′s national conditions and improve the prognosis and the life quality of patients.

It has become a consensus that there is a correlation between psoriasis and obesity, but the exact mechanism is not yet clear. Studies demonstrate that common inflammatory pathways and insulin resistance may contribute to the association between psoriasis and obesity. Understanding the impact of obesity on the occurrence and treatment of psoriasis will be beneficial to the treatment of psoriasis.

Objective:To investigate the expression of solute carrier family 35 member E1 (SLC35E1) and SLC35E2B in skin lesions of patients with Mycobacterium infections. Methods:Paraffin-embedded skin tissues of 31 patients confirmedly diagnosed with Mycobacterium infections were collected from Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University from 2014 to 2018, including 10 cases of multibacillary leprosy, 9 of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, 7 of cutaneous tuberculosis, and 5 of erythema induratum. Meanwhile, paraffin-embedded skin tissues of 10 healthy individuals were collected, and served as normal control group. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of SLC35E1 and SLC35E2B in the lesional and normal control skin specimens, and immunofluorescence staining to observe the co-expression of CD68 and S100 with SLC35E1 and SLC35E2B in the skin lesions. Results:Neither SLC35E1 nor SLC35E2B was expressed in the normal control group, but high expression of SLC35E1 and SLC35E2B was observed in the dermis of skin lesions from the patients with leprosy, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, cutaneous tuberculosis or erythema induratum. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of SLC35E1 and SLC35E2B (expressed as average optical density) was significantly higher in the multibacillary leprosy group (0.143 ± 0.010, 0.169 ± 0.004, respectively) , nontuberculous mycobacterial infection group (0.278 ± 0.015, 0.229 ± 0.088, respectively) , cutaneous tuberculosis group (0.171 ± 0.010, 0.103 ± 0.016, respectively) and erythema induratum group (0.200 ± 0.015, 0.118 ± 0.021, respectively) than in the normal control group (both 0, all P < 0.05) . Immunofluorescence staining showed co-expression of SLC35E1 and SLC35E2B with CD68 in skin lesions of the patients with leprosy, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, cutaneous tuberculosis. Conclusion:Both SLC35E1 and SLCE2B were markedly highly expressed in skin lesions of patients with Mycobacterium infections.

TSCI have dyskinesia and sensory disturbance that can cause various life-threaten complications. The patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Based on the epidemiology of TSCI and domestic and foreign literatures as well as expert investigations, this expert consensus reviews the definition, injury classification, rehabilitation assessment, rehabilitation strategies and rehabilitation measures of TSCI so as to provide early standardized rehabilitation treatment methods for TSCI.

The causes of panniculitis are various and complex, and infection is one of the important causes. Streptococcal infection is the most common cause in Europe and the United States with a low incidence of tuberculosis. In areas with a high incidence of tuberculosis such as China, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is an important cause of panniculitis, which commonly manifests as erythema induratum of Bazin and erythema nodosum. Erythema induratum of Bazinis is most closely related to tuberculosis, often clinically manifests as nodules, plaques and ulcers on the flexor aspect of the lower extremities, and pathologically manifests as lobular panniculitis. Erythema nodosum can be considered as an early symptom of tuberculosis, and serves as a predictive indicator of tuberculosis. It often manifests as erythema, nodules and few ulcers on the extensor aspect of both lower limbs, and is pathologically characterized by septal panniculitis. Antituberculosis treatment often yields favorable outcomes in patients with erythema induratum of Bazin or erythema nodosum. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and panniculitis is of great significance to the treatment and prognosis of panniculitis, especially in areas with a high incidence of tuberculosis.

With the spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in December 2019, the management and rehabilitation of elderly patients with hip fractures and protection of medical staff face new challenges, and need to be adjusted appropriately under this very circumstances. Hip fractures in the elderly account for more than half of osteoporotic fractures. Expert group formulate this consensus so as to make better decision against this epidemic and protect patients' families and medical staff. This consensus elaborates not only epidemic condition of NCP, but also general principles of medical admission, treatment and protection for both medical staff and patients, in order to provide some reference and promote the standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with hip fractures under the condition of NCP.

Objective: To evaluate the intestinal trophic effects and adverse reactions of nasojejunal and jejunostomy tube im-plants on patients with total gastrectomy. Methods:A total of 86 patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly and equally di-vided into two groups. Groups A and B received enteral nutrition therapies through nasojejunal and jejunostomy feeding tube implants, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy of the two methods of enteral nutrition therapy and the corresponding adverse reactions observed in the two groups were compared. Results:Group B patients demonstrated shorter anal evacuation and defecation times than group A patients, the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, the bodyweight, total protein, and albumin levels of the patients significantly decreased in both groups after enteral nutrition therapy was administered (P<0.05). Postoperative nutritive indexes were higher in group B than in group A;however, no significant difference was obtained between the two groups (P>0.05). Nonetheless, the patients in group B tolerated the treatment well compared with those in group A (P<0.05). The complication rates of groups A and B were 18.6%and 23.3%, respectively, but this difference was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion:Patients subjected to total gastrecto-my showed higher tolerance to jejunal tube implants for enteral nutrition than to nasojejunal tube implants, indicating that jejunal tube implants can be used to improve the nutritional status of patients.