Objective: To compare the biological characteristics of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived platelet exosomes (hiPSC-Plt-Exos) with those of conventional apheresis platelet exosomes (Plt-Exos), specifically focusing on their differential abilities to enhance the proliferation and migration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). Methods: Exosomes were isolated from hiPSC-derived Plt and apheresis Plt concentrate using size exclusion chromatography. These exosomes were then characterized through nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Western blotting. Co-culture experiments into hUC-MSCs were conducted with hiPSC-Plt-Exos and apheresis Plt-Exos, respectively. Their effects on the proliferation and migration of hUC-MSCs were assessed via cell proliferation assays and scratch tests. Results: hiPSC-Plt-Exos and apheresis Plt-Exos exhibited comparable particle sizes, morphological features (such as the characteristic cup-shaped structure), and surface markers (including CD9 and HSP70). Notably, hiPSC-Plt-Exos demonstrated a significantly greater ability to enhance the proliferation and migration of hUC-MSCs compared to apheresis Plt-Exos (P<0.05). These differences provide critical comparative data for their application in various clinical contexts. Conclusion: This study establishes a theoretical foundation for developing precise therapeutic strategies based on hiPSC-Plt-Exos. Furthermore, it underscores the necessity of selecting the appropriate type of exosomes according to the specific disease microenvironment to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.

AIM: To explore the current status, research hotspots, and trends of global uveitis research to provide a theoretical basis and references for researchers in the field of uveitis, and promote further development in this area.METHODS: Relevant literatures on uveitis were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database, Wanfang database, and Web of Science core collection database since their establishment until 24 August 2023. The country/publishing institutions, research authors, high-frequency keywords, and burst keywords were visual analyzed by using software such as GraphPad Prism 9, CiteSpace 6.2. R2, and VOSviewer.RESULTS: Research teams for uveitis have been formed in various countries globally. The top three countries in terms of publications are the United States of America(7 585 papers), the United Kingdom(2 412 papers)and Germany(1 679 papers). The top three foreign institutions in terms of publications are Harvard University, Oregon Health & Science University, and Moorfields Eye Hospital, while the top three domestic institutions are Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University. The analysis of high-frequency keywords and burst keywords in Chinese and English shows that research hotspots mainly focus on exploring pathogenesis and different treatment methods for uveitis. The research hotspots related to uveitis treatment are transitioning to molecular biology-related research topics, such as molecular biological signaling pathways(NF-κB signaling pathway with a strength value of 22.89), biological agents(adalimumab with a strength value of 32.21), and tumor necrosis factor(with a strength value of 48.44). Related research is also expanding to basic experiments on relevant rats.CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, the research hotspots and trends of global uveitis mainly focus on precise diagnosis, pathogenesis, and more effective treatment methods. It is important for more scholars to dedicate themselves to uveitis-related research in the future to make breakthroughs and progress in the field. More large-scale and multicenter clinical studies on uveitis can provide high-quality research evidence.

Objective To investigate the application value of Revolution CT dual-low technique coronary angiography in coronary heart disease.Methods One hundred patients with suspected coronary heart disease were retrospectively selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group,who all were examined by Revolution CT.In the control group(50 cases),the tube voltage was 120 kV,the contrast agent iohexol was 350 mg I/mL,and the dose of contrast agent was 1 mL/kg.In the observation group(50 cases),the tube voltage was 100 kV,the contrast agent iohexol was 350 mg I/mL,and the dose of contrast agent was 0.8 mL/kg.All patients underwent coronary digital subtraction angiography(DSA)examination at the same time.The image quality(subjective and objective evaluation indexes)and radiation dose of the two groups were compared,the diagnostic value of the two methods for coronary artery stenosis was compared,and the diagnostic consistency with coronary DSA between the two methods were compared using the Kappa test,as well as the typical coronary images of the two groups were analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in the sub-jective image quality grade and excellence rate between the observation group and the control group(P＞0.05).The CT value and noise of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differ-ences in the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the right coronary proximal and the left coronary main trunk between the two groups(P＞0.05).Compared with the control group,the volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP),and effective dose(ED)were lower in the observation group(P＜0.05).Compared with the results of coronary DSA,the positive predictive value,negative predictive value,sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the two methods were＞80％,while there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The Kappa value of the observation group versus coronary DSA diagnosis was 0.871,the Kappa value of the control group ver-sus coronary DSA diagnosis was 0.889,and the consistency of both methods versus coronary DSA diagnosis was good.Conclusion Revolution CT dual-low technigue coronary angiography has good diagnostic value for coronary heart disease and can significantly reduce the radiation dose while ensuring image quality.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of four patients with malignant tumor-induced ureteral strictures admitted to our hospital. All patients successfully underwent ureteroscopic metal stent placement surgery under real-time ultrasound guidance, with a surgical duration of (64±33) minutes. Postoperatively, there was a creatinine decrease of (74±127) mmol/L. Only two cases experienced Clavien-Dindo grade I complications postoperatively. The stents were well positioned in all patients, with a postoperative hospital stay of (2.5±0.6) days. This surgical approach for malignant tumor-induced ureteral obstruction can compensate for the limitations of endoscopic visualization.

Objective:To observe the effect of alar edge retraction of nose corrected by convex-shaped costal cartilage graft.Methods:Between Aagust 2021 and 2023 June in this study, 52 patients who met the criteria of nasal alar rim retraction were selected, some of them were pinched at the tip of nose; the protruding part was implanted into the subcutaneous tunnel at the retraction position of the nasal alar border to strengthen the lateral foot and provide support for the nasal alar border.Results:Among the 52 cases, 1 case had insufficient unilateral correction, 3 cases had alar expansion, and the rest had satisfactory results. The longest follow-up period was 18 months, the shape of nose tip clamp was improved.Conclusions:The convex-shaped cartilage sheet has the advantages of flexible design, stable correction effect, improved pinching of nasal tip and less late retraction.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Osteoporosis （OP）， a common systemic skeletal disease in the elderly， is characterised by bone loss and bone microstructural degeneration. Its clinical manifestations include increased bone fragility and bone pain. Furthermore， OP increases the risk of fracture due to the high bone fragility， which leads to lifelong disability or death， imposing a heavy economic and psychological burden on the patients and their families. The pathogenesis of OP is extremely complex and associated with a variety of factors such as proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts， impairment of osteoclast activity and function， and abnormalities in autophagy activation. Recent studies have found that mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaing pathway is involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis， which can promote bone formation and improve bone metabolism and bone microstructure by regulating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and osteoclast function and activating cellular autophagy， thus playing a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of OP. The prevention and treatment of OP with Chinese medicine has a long history， clear efficacy， multiple targets of action， low adverse effects， and wide medicine sources. Therefore， this paper briefly describes the role of mTOR signaling pathway in the development of OP by reviewing the latest research reports and summarizes in detail the latest research results on the treatment of OP with Chinese medicine extracts and prescriptions via the mTOR signaling pathway. This review aims to provide a basis for the in-depth research on the relationship between mTOR signaling pathway and OP and the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of OP.