Objective: To investigate the characteristics and HIV confirmed positive status among individuals attending HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide the basis for enhancing interventions targeting high-risk populations for AIDS. Methods: Demographic information, reasons for consultation, consulting institutions, and HIV antibody testing data of individuals attending VCT clinics in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2023 were collected through the VCT database of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The characteristics of individuals attending VCT were described. Factors affecting HIV confirmed positive among VCT clinic attendees were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 249 919 individuals attended VCT clinics in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2023, including 128 069 males (51.24%) and 121 850 females (48.76%). The majority of attendees were aged 25-<35 years, accounting for 92 445 cases (36.99%). Among them, 785 cases were confirmed as HIV positive, with a positivity rate of 0.31%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that males (OR=4.787, 95%CI: 3.562-6.434), 45-<65 years of age (45-<55 years, OR=7.723, 95%CI: 1.786-33.406; 55-<65 years, OR=7.689, 95%CI: 1.757-33.653), being unmarried (OR=2.143, 95%CI: 1.580-2.906), junior high school education or below (OR=1.147, 95%CI: 1.042-2.430), having the history of high-risk behaviors or exposure risks (commercial heterosexual behaviors, OR=2.717, 95%CI: 1.707-4.324; non-commercial non-fixed heterosexual behaviors, OR=5.421, 95%CI: 3.763-7.809; homosexual behaviors, OR=70.774, 95%CI: 48.409-103.473; having an HIV-positive spouse/fixed partner/mother, OR=100.024, 95%CI: 62.490-160.100; drug injection, OR=5.366, 95%CI: 2.213-13.014), and seeking general hospitals or traditional Chinese medicine hospitals (OR=1.973, 95%CI: 1.650-2.360) were associated with a higher risk of HIV confirmed positive. Conclusions HIV confirmed positive among individuals attending VCT clinics in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is associated with gender, age, marital status, educational level, reasons for consultation, and consulting institutions. It is recommended to strengthen health education and targeted interventions for high-risk populations to reduce the risk of HIV infection.

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is a prevalent condition among women of reproductive age,significantly impacting their physical and mental well-being due to its recurrent nature and challenging treatment.The etiology remains elusive,while treatment options exhibit considerable variability.This paper provides a com-prehensive review on the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches targeting virulence factors associated with recur-rent vulvovaginal candidiasis,aiming to offer valuable insights for understanding the underlying mechanisms and optimizing treatment strategies.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab(VDZ)and infliximab(IFX)for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis(UC)patients through a multicenter retrospective cohort study.Methods All patients with moderate to severe UC who were naive to biologic agents and treated with IFX or VDZ for at least 14 weeks at 3 hospitals in Southwest China between January 2021 and January 2023 were retrospectively enrolled.The efficacy evaluation indicators,including steroid-free clinical remission rates,clinical remission rates and endoscopic remission rates at weeks 14 and 52 were compared between the 2 groups.The occurrence of adverse events during treatment were recorded.Taking whether mucosal healing could be achieved after 14 and 52 weeks of treatment as the dependent variable,firstly,univariate analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors affecting mucosal healing at weeks 14 and 52,and then multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the independent risk factors of mucosal healing at the 2 time points.Results A total of 151 patients with moderate to severe UC were included,after propensity score matching(PSM),each group included 57 patients.There were no significant differences in the steroid-free clinical remission rate and clinical remission rate between the 2 groups at weeks 14 and 52(P＞0.05).The endoscopic remission rate at week 14 was significantly higher in the VDZ group than the IFX group[40.4％(23/57)vs 22.8％(13/57),P=0.044],but no such difference was observed at week 52[64.5％(20/31)vs 59.5％(22/37),P=0.669].Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that left-sided disease(E2)[vs pancolitis(E3)](OR=0.46,95％CI:0.21～0.98,P=0.045)was independent risk factor for mucosal healing at week 14 and a disease duration ≥36 months(OR=0.25,95％CI:0.09～0.66,P=0.005)was independent risk factor for mucosal healing at week 52.No statistical difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the 2 groups(1.8％vs 7.0％,P=0.360).Conclusion VDZ and IFX have similar efficacy and safety,and both can be used as first-line options for patients with moderate to severe UC.

Objective:To investigate the Correlation between ADC combined with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP), It provides scientific basis for early prediction of DEACMP.Methods:According to the design principle of case-control study, the data of acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) patients admitted to Shandong Provincial Hospital from December 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively selected. Among them, patients with DEACMP were selected as the case group, without DEACMP were used as the control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ADC combined with CRP as a combined predictor for disease.Results:A total of 89 patients with ACOP were included, including 33 patients with DEACMP and 56 patients without DEACMP. There were no significant differences in gender, age, smoking, drinking, and underlying diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease) between groups ( P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that white blood cell count (WBC) ( OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.19-2.26, P=0.003), CRP ( OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.45, P=0.019) and ADC value of central semiovale white matter ( OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, P=0.010) were associated with DEACMP in patients with ACOP. The ROC curve results showed that the area under the ROC of ADC combined with CRP in the center of semiovale was 0.765 (95% CI: 0.656-0.845), the specificity was 87.9%, the sensitivity was 23.2%, and the cut-off value was 3.5°. Conclusions:WBC, CRP and ADC value of central semiovale are independent factors for DEACMP. ADC value of central semiovale combined with CRP has more clinical value in the early diagnosis of DEACMP. For ACOP patients with DEACMP triggering factors, the diagnosis and treatment awareness of early screening of brain magnetic resonance imaging should be strengthened to avoid DEACMP.

Objective:To analyze the application effect of health failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA) model in patients with artificial airways in the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit (CSICU) by establishing a HFMEA project team, and to develop targeted improvement measures and processes.Methods:The patients undergoing cardiovascular surgeries and with established artificial airways in the Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University were recruited from October 2021 to March 2022. The enrolled patients were divided into the conventional management group and the HFMEA model management group according to random number table method. The conventional management group applied the conventional procedures for monitoring the air bag pressure. The HFMEA model management group used the HFMEA model to implement and improve the airbag pressure monitoring process. The efficacy of HFMEA was assessed by comparing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), the pass rate of airbag pressure monitoring, the duration of endotracheal intubation and the length of CSICU stay between two groups. The practicability of HFMEA model was evaluated by analyzing the theoretical assessment scores and practical skill scores of nurses and their satisfaction scores with HFMEA.Results:Compared with the conventional management group, the patients in the HFMEA mode management group had a significantly higher rate of passing airbag pressure monitoring [94.99% (2 994/3 152) vs. 69.97% (1 626/2 324), P < 0.01], shorter duration of endotracheal intubation and length of CSICU stay [duration of endotracheal intubation (hours): 6 (7, 12) vs. 6 (8, 13), length of CSICU stay (hours): 40 (45, 65) vs. 41 (46, 85), both P < 0.05], but the incidences of VAP between the two groups were similar. The theoretical assessment scores and practical skill scores of nurses were significantly higher (theoretical assessment score: 44.47±2.72 vs. 37.59±6.56, practical skill score: 44.56±2.66 vs. 40.03±4.32, total score: 89.03±3.07 vs. 77.63±9.56, all P < 0.05) in the HFMEA mode management group. And the satisfaction scores with airbag pressure management were also significantly higher in the HFMEA mode management group (7.72±1.11 vs. 6.44±1.32, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The application of the HFMEA can improve the airbag pressure measures and standardize the monitoring procedures in patients with artificial airways, and reduce the risk of clinical nursing. It is safe and effective for patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in the CSICU.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in plateau areas. Methods To select 562 COPD patients in Qinghai Plateau from January 2017 to December 2020 in the Qinghai Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital. The patients were divided according to pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) pulmonary hypertension (PH) group (PASP≥40mmHg) and non-pulmonary hypertension (NPH) group (PASP<40mmHg). The basic characteristics of the two groups of patients were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the related factors affecting pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients. Results Among the 562 COPD patients, the total incidence of PH was 29.89% (168/562). Among them, the incidence of PH in patients with grade I COPD was 16.16%, which was significantly lower than that of COPD patients with grade II (34.40%) and grades III to IV (43.86%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=30.848, P＜0.001). The percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), blood oxygen saturation, B-type natriuretic peptide, mean platelet volume (MPV) in the PH group were different from those of NPH group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that FEV1% [OR=1.082 (95%CI: 1.038-1.256)], MPV [OR=1.696 (95%CI: 1.273-2.257)] were risk factors for COPD patients with PH in high altitude areas (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of PH is higher in COPD patients in plateau areas, and COPD patients with lower FEV1% and higher MPV are more likely to develop PH.

Objective:This study intends to explore the clinical outcomes of liposuction combined with a vacuum-assisted biopsy device in the treatment of Simon grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ gynecomastia (GYN) caused by glandular proliferation and excrescent fat deposition.Methods:The clinical data of Simon grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ GYN caused by glandular proliferation and excrescent fat deposition treated by liposuction and vacuum-assisted biopsy device in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from June 2016 to June 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Surgical procedures: A 5-mm skin incision was made at the lower outer margin of the breast, through which the excrescent fat deposition was removed by liposuction. In addition, a vacuum-assisted biopsy device was applied to remove the residual glandular tissue. The operation time, liposuction volume, removed glandular tissue weight, blood loss, drainage volume, drainage duration, patient satisfaction, and complications were observed and recorded. The patients were followed up from June to December 2020. Patients were asked to grade the cosmetic outcome between 0 and 5 (0 was extremely dissatisfied, 5 was extremely satisfied). The data were sorted out and analyzed by SPSS 19.0, and the data were expressed as Mean±SD or M ( P25, P75). Results:A total of 27 patients with 51 breasts were enrolled in this study. Unilateral operation time, liposuction volume, removed glandular tissue weight, blood loss, drainage volume, drainage duration were (45.3±11.1) min, (206.0±66.7) ml, (28.9±9.5) g, (10.0±4.3) ml, (78.8±33.9) ml and (2.3±0.4) d respectively. Bruising occurred in 9 breasts. No other complications were observed. The postoperative follow-up time was 21.0 (17.0, 28.0) months, and the score of patient satisfaction was 4.98±0.14.Conclusions:Liposuction combined with vacuum-assisted biopsy device can be used as a feasible and minimally invasive approach to treat the Simon grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ GYN caused by glandular proliferation and excrescent fat deposition, which is safe and reliable with few complications, excellent cosmetic results, and high patient satisfaction. However, it has some shortcomings, such as hemostasis under the indirect vision.

Objective:This study intends to explore the clinical outcomes of liposuction combined with a vacuum-assisted biopsy device in the treatment of Simon grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ gynecomastia (GYN) caused by glandular proliferation and excrescent fat deposition.Methods:The clinical data of Simon grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ GYN caused by glandular proliferation and excrescent fat deposition treated by liposuction and vacuum-assisted biopsy device in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from June 2016 to June 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Surgical procedures: A 5-mm skin incision was made at the lower outer margin of the breast, through which the excrescent fat deposition was removed by liposuction. In addition, a vacuum-assisted biopsy device was applied to remove the residual glandular tissue. The operation time, liposuction volume, removed glandular tissue weight, blood loss, drainage volume, drainage duration, patient satisfaction, and complications were observed and recorded. The patients were followed up from June to December 2020. Patients were asked to grade the cosmetic outcome between 0 and 5 (0 was extremely dissatisfied, 5 was extremely satisfied). The data were sorted out and analyzed by SPSS 19.0, and the data were expressed as Mean±SD or M ( P25, P75). Results:A total of 27 patients with 51 breasts were enrolled in this study. Unilateral operation time, liposuction volume, removed glandular tissue weight, blood loss, drainage volume, drainage duration were (45.3±11.1) min, (206.0±66.7) ml, (28.9±9.5) g, (10.0±4.3) ml, (78.8±33.9) ml and (2.3±0.4) d respectively. Bruising occurred in 9 breasts. No other complications were observed. The postoperative follow-up time was 21.0 (17.0, 28.0) months, and the score of patient satisfaction was 4.98±0.14.Conclusions:Liposuction combined with vacuum-assisted biopsy device can be used as a feasible and minimally invasive approach to treat the Simon grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ GYN caused by glandular proliferation and excrescent fat deposition, which is safe and reliable with few complications, excellent cosmetic results, and high patient satisfaction. However, it has some shortcomings, such as hemostasis under the indirect vision.

Bacterial biofilm refers to a tunicate-like biological group composed of polysaccharide, protein and nucleic acid secreted by bacteria on the surface of the mucous membrane or biological material. The biofilm formation is a major cause of chronic infections. Bacteria could produce some secondary metabolites during the growth and reproduction. Some of them act as signaling molecules allowing bacteria to communicate and regulate many important physiological behaviors at multiple-cell level, such as bioluminescence, biofilm formation, motility and lifestyles. Usually, these signal molecules play an important role in the formation of bacterial biofilm. We review here the effects of related signal molecules of Quorum Sensing, cyclic diguanylate, Two-Component Systems and sRNA on the biofilm formation. Focusing on these regulation mechanism of signal molecules in the process of biofilm formation is necessary for the prevention and treatment of some chronic diseases.
Bacterial Proteins ; Biofilms ; Cyclic GMP ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Protein Binding ; Quorum Sensing

Tissue distribution of marbofloxacin was studied in pigs after a single intramuscular injection at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Samples of plasma, muscle, liver, kidney, heart, lung, and muscle at the injection site were randomly collected from five pigs at 2, 6, 10, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after administration. Marbofloxacin concentrations were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and were subjected to non-compartmental analysis to obtain kinetic parameters. The elimination half-life (t(1/2λz)) of marbofloxacin at the injection site was 22.12 h, while those in kidney, plasma, liver, lung, heart, and muscle were 16.75, 21.48, 21.84, 24.00, 24.45, and 28.91 h, respectively. Areas under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to (∞) (AUC(0–∞)s) were calculated to be 31.17 h·µg·mL⁻¹ for plasma and 32.97, 33.92, 34.78, 37.58, 42.02, and 98.80 h·µg·g⁻¹ for heart, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, and injection site, respectively. The peak concentration (C(max)) of marbofloxacin was 1.62 µg/mL in plasma and 1.71, 1.74, 1.86, 1.93, 2.45, and 7.64 µg/g in heart, lung, muscle, kidney, liver, and injection site, respectively. The results show that marbofloxacin was fast absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated from pigs after a single intramuscular administration.
Body Weight ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Half-Life ; Heart ; Injections, Intramuscular* ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Plasma ; Swine* ; Tissue Distribution*