The shaoyang meridian is an important pivot between the internal organs and meridians system， with the functions of regulating qi and blood， balancing yin and yang， and coordinating the ascending and descending movement of qi. Dysfunction of the shaoyang pivot can lead to spleen and kidney deficiency， impaired liver and gallbladder qi regulation， and stagnation of qi and blood. It is believed that the onset and progression of Crohn's disease are closely related to shaoyang pivot dysfunction， with the core pathogenesis characterized by shaoyang disharmony， spleen deficiency， dampness retention， and blood stasis. Based on this understanding， the treatment principle centers on harmonizing the shaoyang pivot， supplemented by methods such as warming and nourishing the spleen and stomach， tonifying shaoyang， and soothing the liver and benefiting the gallbladder. Acupuncture is employed to target key acupoints along the shaoyang meridian to restore its regulatory functions， improve spleen and stomach transformation and transportation， facilitate liver and gallbladder qi flow， and promote the circulation of qi and blood. This provides a practical therapeutic approach for acupuncture-based treatment of Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND:Intervertebral disk degeneration is a pathological change caused by a series of complex molecular mechanisms that result in the aging and damage of intervertebral discs,ultimately leading to severe clinical symptoms.Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of intervertebral disk degeneration due to its low cost,non-addictive nature,multi-target effects,minimally toxic and side effects,and high patient acceptance. OBJECTIVE:To review the latest research results of traditional Chinese medicine monomer intervention-related signaling pathways in the treatment of intervertebral disk degeneration,describe and analyze the action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine monomer on intervertebral disk degeneration,and provide a new approach and theoretical basis for future basic research and clinical treatment. METHODS:The first author searched for relevant literature from January 2018 to February 2023 in CNKI,PubMed,VIP,and WanFang using the search terms"intervertebral disc,signal pathway".The articles that did not meet the criteria were excluded after preliminary screening of the titles and abstracts.Finally,72 articles were selected for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Traditional Chinese medicine monomers can regulate multiple classical signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin,PI3K/Akt,mTOR,NF-κB,and MAPK.They achieve this by regulating oxidative stress,adjusting the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic proteins in cells,stimulating cellular autophagy function,reducing stimulation of cell inflammatory factors,increasing the expression of extracellular matrix markers,reducing the production of matrix-degrading enzymes,maintaining the synthesis and stability of extracellular matrix,inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the nucleus pulposus into nucleus pulposus cells,promoting endogenous repair and reconstruction,controlling apoptosis and aging of nucleus pulposus cells,and increasing the activity of nucleus pulposus cells.These actions improve the microenvironment within the intervertebral disc,maintain the normal physiological function of the intervertebral disc,and delay intervertebral disc degeneration.

BACKGROUND:At present,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the main seed cells used in cell therapy for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.However,the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells for the regeneration of fibrous rings is at risk of heterotopic ossification and teratoma at the repair site.Therefore,it is of great economic and social significance to find a new kind of seed cells for tissue engineering of annulus fibrosus for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE:To isolate and purify rat annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells by adherent method combined with fibronectin differential adhesion screening method,and to observe its purification effect and biological characteristics. METHODS:Annulus fibrosus tissue was obtained from a SD rat intervertebral disc.Primary annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells were obtained by the mechanical-enzymatic digestion method.Annulus fibronectin differential adhesion method was used to purify annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells.Morphological changes and proliferation of cells were observed through a microscope.The expression levels of stem cell markers were detected by immunofluorescence technique and qPCR.The screened cells were subjected to multi-lineage cell differentiation and characteristic gene detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The purified cells grew well,and most of them were angular and star-shaped multi-process cells,which had good proliferation ability.(2)Cells were positive for cell membrane surface antigens CD73,CD90 and CD105,while negative for CD45 and CD34.(3)After specific induction,cells could successfully differentiate into osteoblasts,chondroblasts and lipoblasts.(4)Collagen-I,Runx-2 after osteogenic induction,Collagen Ⅱ,Sox-9 after chondrogenic induction,and PPAR-γ and LPL after lipogenic induction were highly expressed in cells,and the difference was significant compared with that before induction(P<0.05).(5)These findings confirm that the adherent method combined with fibronectin differential adhesion method is effective enough to screen,isolate and purify rat annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells,and has good cell biological properties,good proliferation ability and multiple differentiation potential.

Objective To observe the effect of a new cell delivery tool(MSC exo)on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer by transferring targeted genes.Methods Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis(NTA)were used to identify human mesenchymal stem cell exosomes(MSC-exo)and transport miR-450a-5p into CFPAC-1,to explore the effect of miR-450a-5p targeting BZW2 on inhibiting the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells.Results The expression of miR-450a-5p was low in pancreatic cancer tissue(P<0.05),and the expression of CD63 and TSG101 of MSC-exo-miR-450a-5p in CFPAC-1 cells was higher than that of MSC-exo by Western blot(P<0.05).CCK-8 and EdU results showed that MSC-exo-miR-450a-5p significantly inhibited the proliferation of CFPAC-1 cells(P<0.05).Cell scratch and Transwell experiments showed that MSC-exo-miR-450a-5p can inhibit the migration and invasion of CFPAC-1 cells(P<0.05).Through dual luciferase assay,it was confirmed that miR-450a-5p targets BZW2,and RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed a negative correlation(P<0.05)between miR-450a-5p and BZW2 expression.Overexpression of BZW2,CCK-8,EdU,cell scratch,and Transwell experiments confirmed that pc-BZW2 reversed the anti-cancer function of MSC-exo-miR-450a-5p on CFPAC-1.Western blot detected PCNA,Ki-67,MMP2,MMP9,and the results were consistent with the above experiments(P<0.05).Conclusion hMSC exo is a new delivery system,targeting BZW2 to transport miR-450a-5p to inhibit the biological malignancy of pancreatic cancer cells,which provides an important clue for the research of targeted treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To elucidate the molecular genetic etiology of patients with disorders of sex development(DSD)using whole exome sequencing(WES),thereby enhancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of sexual development abnormalities.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 60 DSD patients diagnosed in the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province between March 2008 and August 2021,with an additional family study for one proband.Genomic DNA was extracted from patients for WES analysis.Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)and insertions/deletion(InDel)tests were identified using SAMtools software in conjunction with established SNP and InDel databases.Copy number variations(CNVs)at the exon level were detected using ExomeDepth,while the potential pathogenicity of mutations was predicted with PolyPhen-2,Mutation taster and PyMol software,with Sanger sequencing employed for confirmation.Results The study included 22 patients with 46,XX DSD and 38 with 46,XY DSD.Among the 46,XX DSD patients,the SRY gene was detected in 14 patients.In the remaining 8 patients and a proband's families,single nucleotide site variations(SNVs)of NR5A1,PROKR2 and ANOS1 genes were identified in 2 patients,and CNVs in CYP21A2 gene were found in 4 patients.The pathogenicity of CYP21A2 EX1 Dup has been previously reported,while the remaining 3 CNVs were of uncertain significance,and no DSD-related mutations were detected in 2 patients.In the WES analysis of 46,XY DSD patients,10 pathogenic or likely pathogenic SNVs across 5 genes(SRY,AR,SRD5A2,CYP17A1,and NR5A1)were identified in 14 patients.Additionally,5 likely pathogenic CNVs involving the CYP21A2,AKR1C2,CBX2,and NR5A1 genes were detected in 5 patients,comprising 3 deletions and 2 duplications.Novel SNVs in NR5A1(c.722G>T,c.48C>G)and ANOS1 c.564A>T were identified,with no prior reports in relevant databases.The pathogenicity of CYP21A2 EX1 Dup is documented in related databases,while the remaining CNVs have not been previously reported.Conclusion The utilization of WES technology has enhanced the diagnostic potential for DSD,broadened the spectrum of known DSD-related gene mutations,and deepened our comprehension of DSD pathogenesis,offering valuable support for genetic counseling.

Human brain banks use a standardized protocol to collect,process and store post-mortem human brains and related tissues,along with relevant clinical information,and to provide the tissue samples and data as a resource to foster neuroscience research according to a standardized operating protocols(SOP).Human brain bank serves as the foundation for neuroscience research and the diagnosis of neurological disorders,highlighting the crucial rule of ensuring the consistency of standardized quality for brain tissue samples.The first version of SOP in 2017 was published by the China Human Brain Bank Consortium.As members increases from different regions in China,a revised SOP was drafted by experts from the China Human Brain Bank Consortium to meet the growing demands for neuroscience research.The revised SOP places a strong emphasis on ethical standards,incorporates neuropathological evaluation of brain regions,and provides clarity on spinal cord sampling and pathological assessment.Notable enhancements in this updated version of the SOP include reinforced ethical guidelines,inclusion of matching controls in recruitment,and expansion of brain regions to be sampled for neuropathological evaluation.

Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma(PEXG)is an eye disease that seriously endangers vision. It is more invasive than primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG), with more serious damage to the optic nerve, worse prognosis and higher resistance to treatment. Early diagnosis of PEXG can help to treat the disease in time and delay the progress of the disease, so it is important to determine appropriate biomarkers. In recent years, more and more people have begun to study the biomarkers of PEXG, hoping to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, find out the potential early diagnosis and treatment targets of PEXG, and provide some help to the disease through the research of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and lipomics markers. This article will review the progress of biomarkers of PEXG in recent years, some biomarkers may provide new ideas for early diagnosis of PEXG in the future.

To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of pancreatic glucagonoma, a retrospective analysis of the clinical data and diagnostic algorithm of a patient with pancreatic glucagonoma was conducted, along with literature review. Pancreatic glucagonoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that originates from the pancreatic alpha cells. The main manifestations of glucagonoma syndrome(GS) include necrolytic migratory erythema, diabetes, anemia, and other systemic involvement. Early diagnosis of GS is challenging and crucial. Early identification and recognition of skin lesions contribute to timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Surgical resection is an effective treatment modality for glucagonoma.

Objective To explore the roles of different insulin resistance indexes[triglyceride-glucose (TyG),triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR)]and combinations of two indexes in predicting diabetes risk in hypertensive population. Methods The survey of hypertension was conducted for the residents in Wuyuan county,Jiangxi province from March to August in 2018.The basic information of hypertensive residents was collected by interview.Blood was drawn on an empty stomach in the morning and physical measurements were carried out.Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between different insulin resistance indexes and diabetes,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used for evaluating the predictive effects of each index on diabetes risk. Results A total of 14 222 hypertensive patients with an average age of (63.8±9.4) years old were included in this study,including 2616 diabetic patients.The diabetic hypertensive population had higher TyG (t=50.323,P<0.001),TG/HDL-C (Z=17.325,P<0.001),and METS-IR (t=28.839,P<0.001) than the non-diabetic hypertensive population.Multivariate analysis showed that each insulin resistance index was positively correlated with diabetes risk.The area under curve of each insulin index was in a descending order of TyG (0.770)> METS-IR (0.673)> TG/HDL-C (0.620).The difference in the area under curve between two indexes was statistically significant[TyG vs.TG/HDL-C (Z=42.325,P<0.001);TyG vs.METS-IR(Z=17.517,P<0.001);METS-IR vs.TG/HDL-C (Z=10.502,P<0.001)]. Conclusions Elevated insulin resistance indexes can increase the risk of diabetes.TyG and the combination of indexes outperform TG/HDL-C and METS-IR in the prediction of diabetes.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Insulin Resistance ; Blood Glucose/metabolism* ; Biomarkers ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hypertension ; Glucose ; Triglycerides ; Cholesterol, HDL

The tissue distribution of Qingfei Paidu Decoction was studied by HPLC-MS/MS in vivo. Hypersil GOLD C_(18) column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.9 μm) was used for gradient elution with acetonitrile as the mobile phase A and 0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase B. High-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion scanning mode and multiple response monitoring(MRM) mode was employed to analyze the behaviors of the active components of Qingfei Paidu Decoction in diffe-rent tissues. The results showed that 19, 9, 17, 14, 22, 19, 24, and 2 compounds were detected in plasma, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, large intestine, and brain, respectively. The compounds belonged to 8 groups, covering 14 herbs in the prescription. After administration with Qingfei Paidu Decoction, the compounds were rapidly distributed in various tissues, especially in the lung, liver, large intestine, and kidney. The majority of the compounds displayed secondary distribution. This study comprehensively analyzed the distribution rules of the main active components in Qingfei Paidu Decoction and provided a basis for the clinical application.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tissue Distribution ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal