Objective:To investigate the cerebral blood flow autoregulation and cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and depression.Methods:Eighty patients who were treated in Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated with Dalian University of Technology from May 2020 to may 2021 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to the existence of depression. Transcranial Doppler sonography combined with standing and lying position test, breath holding test and breath exchange test were used to observe the "w" wave slope, the "w" wave slope, the "w" wave velocity and the "w" wave velocity cerebral blood flow velocity difference, breath holding index, pulsation index (PI) change rate before and after breath holding, resistance index (RI) change rate before and after breath holding, mean velocity (Vm), PI, RI change rate before and after breath exchange. The correlation between depression score and blood flow index was analyzed.Results:There were 38 and 29 patients occurred "w" wave in the control group and observation group respectively, and the rate were 95.0% (38/40) and 72.5% (29/40) respectively ( χ2 = 7.44, P = 0.006). The slope of "w" descending branch of Vm and the slope of "w" ascending branch of Vm in the observation group were smaller than those of the control group respectively: (1.26 ± 0.23) cm/s vs. (2.45 ± 1.00) cm/s, (1.38 ± 0.71) cm/s vs. (2.56 ± 0.77) cm/s, the difference of which had statistical meanings ( P<0.05). The difference of cerebral blood flow velocity of Vm after different positions in the observation group was higher than that in the control group significantly: (7.20 ± 3.07) cm/s vs. (2.93 ± 1.46) cm/s ( P<0.05). The breath holding index PI change rate, RI change rate before and after breath holding test in the observation group were lower than those in the control group statistically: (0.88 ± 0.33)% vs. (1.49 ± 0.27)%, (14.42 ± 9.31)% vs. (21.51 ± 8.79)%, (11.07 ± 1.70)% vs. (15.31 ± 6.73)% ( P<0.05). The change rates of Vm, PI and RI in the observation group before and after ventilation were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between depression score and "w" wave slope (Vm), breath holding index, Vm change rate before and after ventilation, and a positive correlation between depression score and cerebral blood flow velocity difference (Vm) in supine and upright position with statistical meanings ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Depression could lead to the decline of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with SVD. And with the aggravation of depression, the decline of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with SVD is more serious.

Humans ; Mississippi/epidemiology* ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology* ; Meteorological Concepts ; Virus Diseases

In this study, solid dispersion technology was used to develop volatile oil from Acorus tatarinowii self-nanoemulsion dropping pills(VOA-SNEDDS-DP) and its protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia injury was evaluated. Taking exterior quality, weight variation and the resolving time as comprehendsive evaluation indexes, the preparation process and formulation of the dropping pills were optimized by orthogonal design, and the dissolution rate in vitro of the optimized VOA-SNEDDS-DP was investigated. The rat model of acute myocardial ischemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride and the serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), creatine kinase(CK) and pathological changes of myocardial tissue were determined to evaluate therapeutic effect of the dropping pills on acute myocardial ischemia. The results showed that the optimal formulation and preparation process of VOA-SNEDDS-DP were as follows: PEG6000-PEG8000 was 1∶1, proportion of VOA-SNEDDS and matrix was l∶2.5, the temperature of drug fluids was 75 ℃, drop rate was 35 drops/min, drop distance was 5 cm, the condensing agent temperature was 2-10 ℃. The content of β-asarone in the dropping pills was 42.46 mg·g~(-1). The accumulated dissolution rate of the dropping pills reached 93.85% in 10 min. The results of pharmacodynamic experiments showed that VOA-SNEDDS-DP could significantly increase the SOD content(P<0.05), reduce the levels of MDA and CK(P<0.05) in serum, and effectively improve the pathological morphology of myocardial tissue. These results revealed that the preparation of VOA-SNEDDS-DP by solid dispersion technology was stable and feasible, and VOA-SNEDDS-DP had protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia injury.
Acorus ; chemistry ; Animals ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; Plant Oils ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Herpetone( HPT) is a bioactive lignan extracted from Herpetospermum pedunculosum,which can protect liver,lower aminotransferase and inhibit hepatitis B virus. However,HPT has a poor oral bioavailability due to its poor water solubility. And there is no report about whether HPT has an anti-hepatic fibrosis activity. To improve the dissolution of HPT and study its anti-hepatic fibrosis activity and mechanism,the study group prepared herpetone nanosuspensions( HPT-NS) by the miniaturized media milling method. The formulation and process of HPT-NS were optimized by the single factor experiment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe morphology of HPT-NS. Dialysis method was used to study dissolution of HPT-NS in vitro. CCK8 method was used to assess the effect of HPT-NS on proliferation of the rat hepatic stellate cells( HSC-T6). Flow cytometry was used to assess the effect of HPT-NS on apoptosis and cell cycle of HSC-T6. The mean particle size of optimized HPT-NS was( 196±7) nm with a polydispersity index of 0.279±0.009.SEM showed that HPT-NS was in a regular rod shape. The cumulative dissolution rate of HPT-NS reached 93% in 18 h,and was higher than that of herpetone coarse suspensions( HPT-CS,28%). CCK8 experiment showed that the inhibition rate of HPT-NS on HSC-T6 was higher than that of HPT-CS. Flow cytometry showed that HPT-NS could block HSC-T6 cells in G2/M phase and induce apoptosis of HSC-T6 cells,with a significantly stronger effect than HPT-CS. The results revealed that HPT-NS significantly increased the in vitro dissolution of HPT,and enhanced the inhibitive effect on HSC-T6 cell proliferation by blocking cells in the G2/M phase and inducing late apoptosis.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; Lignans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Rats

Tripterygium wilfordii preparations,with various biological activities such as immunosuppressive,anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects,are widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,lupus erythematosus,and nephrotic syndrome. They have definite therapeutic effect,but often cause serious adverse reactions and result in damages to liver,kidney,blood,reproduction,and other systems due to their complex compositions,great toxicity,and narrow margin between the toxic and therapeutic dosages. At present,T. wilfordii preparations produced by different manufacturers exhibit large variations in clinical efficacy and side effects in account of their different chemical compositions and quality fluctuation due to differences in raw materials and production process. However,the existing quality standards are controversial in terms of index components and content limit,which cannot be effectively used for the overall quality control of the preparations. In this paper,the research progress on chemical constituents,quality standard and quality control methods of four T. wilfordii preparations including Tripterygium Tablets,Tripterygium Zongtie Tablets,Tripterygium Shuangceng Tablets and Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets was reviewed,in order to provide ideas and reference for the quality improvement of this type of preparations.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Quality Control ; Tablets ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Objective: To study on the physical and chemical properties of dichroa alkali hydrochloride and to establish a method for the determination of entrapment efficiency of dichroa alkali hydrochloride liposomes. Method: HPLC was used to determine the content of dichroa alkali hydrochloride with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-triethylamine-glacial acetic acid(9:91:0.35:0.75) and detection wavelength at 265 nm.The oil-water partition coefficient of this compound in different pH range was measured by shake flask method.The stability of the dichroa alkali hydrochloride in phosphate buffer solution with different pH after sterilization at 125℃ for 30 min was investigated.Ammonium sulfate gradient method was used to prepare dichroa alkali hydrochloride liposomes.The microcolumn was prepared by dextran gel and cation exchange resin,respectively.Then the free drug and liposome were separated by centrifugation,the drug content was measured,and the encapsulation efficiency was calculated.The t-test was performed using SPSS 20.0 software,the differences between these two methods were compared. Result: In the pH 6-9,the oil-water partition coefficient of dichroa alkali hydrochloride increased with increasing of pH,which was between 0.016 and 1.44;the recovery rate of dichroa alkali hydrochloride after sterilization was 37.16%-57.91%.Between the dextran gel microcolumn centrifugation and the cation exchange resin microcolumn centrifugation,there was no significant difference in the entrapment efficiency of the liposomes. Conclusion: Dichroa alkali hydrochloride is suitable for preparation of liposomes.However,its stability is not ideal,so the experimental temperature should be strictly controlled in the preparation process.Dextran gel microcolumn centrifugation and cation exchange resin microcolumn centrifugation can be used to determine the entrapment efficiency of dichroa alkali hydrochloride liposomes,and the cation exchange resin microcolumn centrifugation is suggested after comparison.

Through the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance platform system, with the help of medical records, Ye Tianshi and Wu Jutong's medication characteristics for summer heat sickness were analyzed, the laws of the two people's medication were summarized, and the similarities and differences between the two were explored to explore the relationship. As a result, it was found that both of them recognized the relationship between summer heat and wetness, and Wu Jutong believed that "wind" was also an important pathogenic factor. Both of the patients were treated with cold medicine and warm medicine. They used mostly bitter, sweet, pungent taste and lungs, spleen, stomach, and heart meridian are the main components; two are commonly used Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Talcum, Rehmanniae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma and other drugs, Ye Tianshi use Scrophulariae Radix, Tetrapanacis Medulla, Coicis Semen and other drugs more, Wu Jutong use Gypsum Fibrosum, Sojae Semen Praeparatum, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and other drugs more; at the same time, a combination of two high-frequency medicines used by two people has been excavated, and a new prescription has been deduced to provide a reference for further understanding and treatment of summer diseases.

Astilbil nanosuspension (AT-NS) was prepared by an antisolvent precipitation method. The formula and process of AT-NS were optimized by the single factor experiment. AT-NS was prepared under the optimal conditions, and its morphology and crystallinity were characterized. In vitro release of AT-NS was also determined. The particle size of AT-NS stabilized by PVP K30 was (149±3) nm, and the polydispersity index (PDI) and stability index (SI) were 0.137±0.014 and 0.940±0.012, respectively. The results of SEM showed that AT-NS was spherical. Both XRD and DSC showed that AT was amorphous in nanosuspension. In the release test, AT-NS showed a significantly increased dissolution. This simple low-cost approach could prepare AT-NS successfully. AT-NS could significantly improve the dissolution of AT and provide the reference to break the limitation on the clinical application of AT.

In order to increase the solubility of volatile oil from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, this study was to prepare self-nanoemulsion of volatile oil from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma . The prescriptions were preliminarily screened by miscibility studies, excipient compatibility tests, and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, and then the optimal formulation was obtained by using the Box-Behnken response surface method, with particle size and drug-loading rate as the indicators. The self-nanoemulsion prepared by optimal prescription was characterized and evaluated for dissolution. The results showed that the optimal prescription for this volatile oil self-nanoemulsion was as follows: 41.7% volatile oil, 46.8% Tween-80, and 11.5% PEG-400. The prepared self-nanoemulsion was clear and transparent, with drug-loading of (192.77±1.64) mg·g⁻¹, particle diameter of (53.20±0.94) nm, polydispersity index of 0.230± 0.013, and Zeta potential of (-12.2±0.7) mV. The dissolution of self-nanoemulsion was higher than that of volatile oil. In this research, volatile oil served as the oil phase in self-nanoemulsion, so the prescription was simpler and the drug loading rate was higher. The prepared self-nanoemulsion complied with the relevant quality requirements, providing a reference for the preparation of volatile oil formulations.
Acorus ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; standards ; Particle Size ; Plant Oils ; analysis ; standards ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Solubility

To increase the permeation and retention of isopsoralen in skin, and improve its bioavailability.Isopsoralen loaded nanostructure liquid carrier (IPRN-NLC) was prepared by high pressure homogenization andoptimized by orthogonal experiment with the encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and average particle size as the evaluation indexes. The in vitro transdermal permeation of IPRN-NLC was evaluated by Franze diffusion cells.The results showed that solid-liquid lipid ratio of optimum IPRN-NLC formulation was 7∶3,drug-lipid ratio of 1∶30, 1% surfactant. Under these conditions, IPRN-NLC had an average encapsulation of （90.25±0.73）%,drug loading of （1.56±0.27）% and an average particle size of (305±1.57) nm.The in vitro transdermal permeation results showed that IPRN-NLC could increase the amount of IPRN permeated though skin, with 3 times of the epidermal retention as compared with IPRN solution. From the results we can know that the IPRN-NLC prepared by high pressure homogenization can improve the permeation andaccumulation of IPRN in the skin, with wide application prospects in the field of transdermal administration.