Objective: To evaluate effect of Canna edulis type 3 resistant starch(RS3) on weight loss and lipid reduction in obese hyperlipidemia mice and acute toxicity in mice. Method: KKAy mice were fed with high-fat diet for 20 weeks to establish a hyperlipidemia model and then randomly divided into model group,positive group (4 mg·kg^-1), high-dose resistant starch group and low-dose resistant starch group (2,1 g·kg^-1).Mice in normal group were fed with standard diet. The medication groups received corresponding drugs by gavage. Normal group and high-fat model group were given equal volume of deionized water. After 8 weeks,mice were put to death. The levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum of mice were measured,and weigh fat mass,fat/body ratio,body fat rate and Lee's index were calculated accurately. The pathological changes of liver and adipose tissue were observed byhematoxylin-eosin (HE). The acute toxicity of RS3 to mice was evaluated by limit test. The mice were continuously observed for 14 days, and the toxicity of mice was recorded. Result: The indicators of high-dose RS3 group were significantly reduced,such as body weight,fat mass,body fat rate,fat/body ratio,Lee's index,and serum TC,TG,LDL-C,AST,ALT levels(P<0.05).Histomorphometric examination showed that the administration of RS3 starch could significantly improve the fatty lesions of liver tissue, and the liver-protecting effect was obvious, which could still inhibit the expansion of fat cells and reduce the accumulation of fat in mice.Among them, the high-dose group wsa better;After the maximum dose of 36 g·kg^-1 was administered,no toxic reaction and death occurred in the animals. Conclusion: RS3-type Canna Edulis Resistant Starch has a good effect in reducing body weight and serum lipid,with a better effect in the high-dose group and no toxicity. And the commonly used clinical dose is safe and reliable.

Objective: To observe the hypoglycemic effect of Uygur medicine Ziya Biti tablet on the type 2 diabetic rats, and analyze the hypoglycemic mechanism based on metabolomic techniques. Method: According to the results of clinical research about different origins of Ziya Biti tablet, the optimal composition was screened out; type 2 diabetic rats were taken as an experimental object in the pharmacodynamic experiments;the control group and model group were given the same dose of normal saline, Ziya Biti bablet group was given 300 mg·kg^-1, the metformin group was given 300 mg·kg^-1 metformin hydrochloride. The fasting blood and weight changes of the experimental group after the treatment were recorded and compared with normal group; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/electrostatic field orbit trap combined-type high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS) technology was used to conduct the metabolomics analysis on the rat serum, and principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on different groups of rat serum metabolites were performed to identify potential biomarkers. Result:Compared with the model group, the rats in the Uygur medicine Ziya Biti tablet showed a healthy states, and the blood glucose were decreased(P<0.05), which indicated that Uygur medicine Ziya Biti tablet had a certain hypoglycemic effect on type 2 diabetic rats. Eight biomarkers were finally obtained according to the results. Compared with model group, L-valine and propionylcarnitine in the Uygur medicine group were decreased(P<0.05), while sphingosine-1-phosphate, LPC (16:1/0:0), LPC (18:0/0:0), LPC (18:2/0:0), LPC 20:1/0:0), PC (19:0/0:0) were elevated(P<0.05). Conclusion:The experimental results showed that Uygur medicine Ziya Biti tablet can reduce the blood glucose of type 2 diabetic rats and allivate general physiological characteristics. The mechanism of action may be related to the improvement of amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in elderly patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 230 CRC patients undergoing ERAS from January 2017 to January 2018. These subjects included 120 young patients (<70 years) and 110 elderly patients (≥70 years).The rates of ERAS compliance,anastomotic leakage,re-operation,and re-hospitalization,the mortality,and the average hospital stay were compared between these two groups.Results The elderly group had significantly higher incidences including diabetes (20.9% vs. 10.8%,P=0.045),heart disease (24.5% vs. 11.7%,P=0.039),respiratory diseases (20.0% vs. 10.0%,P=0.041),and hypertension (26.4% vs. 15.0%,P=0.035) than the young group. However,these two groups were not statistically significant in terms of ERAS compliance rate (79% in the young group vs. 74% in the elderly group,P=0.574),incidence of anastomotic leakage (2.5% vs. 1.8%,P=1.000),re-operation rate (1.7% vs. 2.7%,P=0.672),re-hospitalization rate (2.5% vs. 4.5%,P=0.484),mortality rate within 30 days after operation (1.7% vs. 2.7%,P=0.672). The average hospital stay was 5 days in the young group and 7 days in the elderly group (P=0.000).Conclusions Although the elderly patients tend to have poor general status,their ERAS compliance rate and main treatment indicators including incidence of anastomotic leakage,re-operation rate,re-hospitalization rate,and mortality rate within 30 days after surgery are not different from young patients. Thus,the ERAS program is safe and feasible for elderly CRC patients.
Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Postoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND:Antibiotics are widely given for surgical patients to prevent infection. Because of the lack of study on the rational use of antibiotics in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected during surgical procedures, we analyzed the risk factors affecting postoperative infectious complications in HIV-infected patients and explore the rational use of perioperative antibiotics. METHODS:This retrospective study consisted of 308 HIV-infected patients, 272 males and 36 females, who had undergone operation at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from November 2008 to April 2012. The patients were divided into postoperative infection and non-infection groups. Their age and clinical variables were compared. The correlation between surgical incision, surgical site infection (SSI) and postoperative sepsis was analyzed. Prophylactic antibiotics were used for patients with type I and II incisions for less than 2 days. Patients with type III incisions were given antibiotics until the infection was controlled. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was prescribed preoperatively for patients whose preoperative CD4 count was <350 cells/μL. For those patients whose preoperative CD4 count was <200 cells/μL, sulfamethoxazole and fluconazole were given preoperatively as prophylactic agents controllingPneumocystis carinii pneumonia and fungal infection. RESULTS:A total of 196 patients developed postoperative infectious complications, and 7 patients died. Preoperative CD4 counts, ratio of CD4/CD8 cels, hemoglobin level, and postoperative CD4 counts, hemoglobin and albumin levels were risk factors of perioperative infection in HIV-infected patients. Patients with a preoperative CD4 count <200 cel/μL, anemia, a postoperative CD4 count <200 cel/μL or albumin levels <35 g/L were correlated with a higher rate of perioperative infection. There was a significant correlation between SSI and the type of surgical incision. The rate of SSI in patients with type I surgical incision was 2％ and in those with type II surgical incision was 38％. Allthe patients who received type III surgical incision developed SSI, and they were more likely to develop postoperative sepsis. CONCLUSIONS:HIV-infected patients are more likely to develop postoperative infectious complications. The rational use of antibiotics in HIV-infected patients could help to reduce the rate of postoperative infectious complications in these patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the changes in the activities of carbon monoxide (CO) and heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2) in ED rats with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy).

METHODSThis study included 40 male Wistar rats weighing 280 - 310 g, 10 as normal controls (group A). HHcy models were made in the other 30 by giving 3% methionine for 4 weeks, and then divided into groups B, C and D. The rats in group B continued to be fed with 3% methionine, those in group C were treated with betaine hydrochloride, and those in group D were given zinc porphyrin IX at 45 micromol per kg per d. Penile erections of the rats were recorded, and 4 weeks later, all were killed for determination of the levels of homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood plasma and the activities of CO and HO-2 in the corpus cavernosum of the penis.

RESULTSThe level of plasma Hcy, penile erection frequency and the content of CO in the corpus cavernosum were (12.55 +/- 0.82) micromol/L, (1.88 +/- 0.05) times and (10.55 +/- 1.73) micromol/L in group A, the Hcy level significantly higher while the penile erection frequency and CO content remarkably lower than in group B ([25.01 +/- 0.94] micromol/L, [0.70 +/- 0.05] times and [9.51 +/- 1.52] micromol/L, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), with a negative correlation between the level of Hcy and that of CO and HO-2 (P < 0.01). Compared with group B, the three parameters were all significantly increased in C ([14.37 +/- 0.47] micromol/L, [1.18 +/- 0.08] times and [10.36 +/- 1.56] micromol/L, all P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDecreased expressions of CO and HO-2 in the corpus cavernosum of the penis may result in ED in HHcy rats. Betaine can reduce the Hcy level in the blood plasma and CO content in the corpus cavernosum, which might be one of the mechanisms of its action on ED with HHcy.

Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; blood ; Erectile Dysfunction ; blood ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; blood ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Penis ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation of homocysteine (Hcy) in plasma with nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) in the penile corpus cavernosum of type 2 diabetic rats.

METHODSThis study included 40 male Wistar rats, 10 as controls (Group A) and the other 30 as diabetes mellitus (DM) models. Four weeks after the model establishment, the model rats were divided into a DM group (Group B, n = 10), an insulin treated group (Group C, n = 10), and a folic acid and vitamin B12 treated group (Group D, n = 10). All the rats were injected with apomorphine and observed for penile erection at 8 and 12 weeks, and the levels of total plasma Hcy (tHcy), NOS and CO in the penile corpus cavernosum were measured at 12 weeks.

RESULTSCompared with Group A, the level of tHcy was significantly increased, while NOS and CO activities in the penile cavernous tis-sue and erectile function remarkably decreased in Group B (P < 0.01). The incidence rate of high Hcy was 55% in the DM rats. In comparison, the level of tHcy was obviously decreased, and the NOS activity and erectile function markedly increased in Groups C and D (P < 0.01). The Hcy level showed a significant negative correlation with NOS activity (rA = -0.89, rB = -0.76, rc = -0.91, rD = -0.91) and CO content (TA = -0.82, r, = -0.77, rc = -0.93, rD = -0.81).

CONCLUSIONHigh plasma Hcy can decrease NOS and CO activities in the penile corpus cavernosum, and consequently induce erectile dysfunction in DM rats, while insulin, folic acid and vitamin B12 can improve their penile erectile function by increasing NOS and CO activities.

Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; blood ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; physiopathology ; Folic Acid ; pharmacology ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Penis ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vitamin B 12 ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of SiRNA-EGFR on the expression of hyaluronidase gene in human breast cancer cells.

METHODSReverse transcription-polymerse chain reaction was used to detect the changes in the expression of EGFR mRNA in human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S, ZR-75 and ZR-75-30 after transfection by SiRNA-EGFR.

RESULTSAfter transfection with SiRNA-EGFR, the expression levels of EGFR were significantly inhibited in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S, ZR-75 and ZR-75-30 cells (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONTransfection by SiRNA-EGFR can inhibit the expression of EGFR mRNA in human breast cancer cells.

Breast Neoplasms ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection