Aim To investigate the regulatory role and mechanism of resveratrol in inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis in choroidal melanoma cells. Methods Choroidal melanoma cells (MUM2B) were divided into control and experimental groups, and treated with different concentrations of resveratrol (0, 10, 20,40,60,80 μmol ·L

Objective To observe the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)on interleukin-6(IL-6)/STAT3 signaling pathway in mice after spinal cord injury,and to explore the mechanism of its effect on motor function recovery.Methods Seventy-two SPF grade mice were randomly divided into sham operation group,spinal cord injury(SCI)group and NMES group.BMS score,inclined plane test and neuromuscular electrophysiology(EMG)were used to evaluate the recovery of spinal cord injury in mice.Western blotting and Real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors,IL-6/STAT3,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in spinal cord tissues of three groups of mice.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of spinal cord injury.Results BMS scores and the inclined plane test of mice in the NMES group were higher than those in SCI group(P＜0.05).The maximum amplitude of motor evoked potential in NMES group was higher than that in SCI group(P＜0.05).The expressions of TNF-α,IL-12A and GFAP in the spinal cord of NMES group were lower than that of SCI group(P＜0.05),while the expressions of TGF-β,IL-10 and BDNF were higher than that of SCI group(P＜0.05).The protein expressions of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway of NMES group were lower than that of SCI group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Neuromuscular electrical stimulation plays an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway,thereby promoting the recovery of hind limb motor function in mice after spinal cord injury.

The current treatment of glioma is facing drug resistance,which limits the efficacy of traditional chemotherapy drugs.This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of the trifluoromethylquinazoline compound(KZL204)against glioma.Through the Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay,we found that KZL204 significantly inhibits the growth of drug-resistant cancer cells,with a 48-hour half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 3.63±0.38 μmol/L,which is significantly better than the positive control drug temozolomide(TMZ)(IC50 value of 81.67±5.49 μmol/L).Additionally,flow cytometry analysis showed that KZL204 treatment significantly increased the apoptosis rate of drug-resistant tumor cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase.At the same time,the Transwell assay confirmed the inhibitory effect of KZL204 on the migration and invasion of drug-resistant cancer cells.Transcriptome analysis revealed 2 435 differentially expressed genes in drug-resistant cancer cells treated with KZL204,of which 1 320 were upregulated,and 1 115 were downregulated.KEGG and GO enrichment analysis showed that these differential genes were significantly enriched in apoptosis-related signaling pathways.Further bioinformatics prediction and Venn diagram analysis identified 35 potential core targets,with the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway being the most significant among the differentially expressed genes.Quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR)experiments confirmed the downregulating effects of KZL204 on genes such as CREB3L1,CSF1,CXCL5,BCL3,and the upregulating effects on genes like FOS,LT A,PTGS2,MAP2K3.Immunoblotting experiments at the protein level also confirmed the impact of KZL204 on the expression of apoptotic proteins,including the upregulation of Bax,cleaved Caspase-3 protein,and the downregulation ofAKT,Bcl-2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-8 protein expression.In summary,KZL204 significantly inhibits the growth and metastasis of drug-resistant glioblastoma and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by regulating the PI3K-AKT and apoptosis-related signaling pathways,demonstrating its potential as a candidate drug against drug-resistant glioma.

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

The awake prone position plays an important role in the treatment of hypoxemia and the improvement of respiratory distress symptoms in non-intubated patients. It is widely used in clinical practice because of its simple operation, safety, and economy. To enable clinical medical staff to scientifically and normatively implement prone position for awake patients without intubation, the committees of consensus formulation, guided by evidence-based methodology and Delphi method, conducted literature search, literature quality evaluation and evidence synthesis around seven topics, including indications and contraindications, evaluation, implementation, monitoring and safety management, termination time, complication prevention and health education of awake prone position. After two rounds of expert letter consultation, Expert consensus on implementation strategy of awake prone positioning for non-intubated patients in China (2023) was formulated, and provide guidance for clinical medical staff.
Humans ; Consensus ; Prone Position ; Wakefulness ; China ; Dyspnea

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of "Trichosanthis Fructus-Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus" (GX) on phlegm and blood stasis syndrome (PBSS) rats combining the methods of network pharmacology and experimental verification. Animal experiment ethical requirements were approved by the Ethical Committee Experimental Animal Center of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (grant number: AHUCM-rats-2021070). Based on the HPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis and database, 69 chemical constituents of GX and 163 targets of GX for the treatment of phlegm and blood stasis-related cardiovascular diseases were obtained. Then, key targets such as serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), cellular tumor antigen p53 (Tp53) were screened. Pathway analysis showed that the targets of GX in the treatment of phlegm and blood stasis-relate cardiovascular diseases were mainly involved in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, sphingolipid metabolism, platelet activation, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), ras-proximate-1 (rap1) and other signaling pathways. In addition, molecular docking analysis showed that apigenin, cucurbitacin D, linolenic acid and kaempferol and other key components had potential binding ability with Akt1, TNF, IL6, VEGFA and Tp53. In the animal experiments, compared to the phlegm and blood stasis syndrome group, GX could significantly improve the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, blood lipid, vascular endothelial structure disorders and reduce serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) level, increase serum nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels, which could restore aortic endothelial function. In addition, the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in aorta could be significantly reduced, which could improve the vascular endothelial injury of aorta. Western blot revealed that GX could significantly decrease the phosphorylation levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt in aorta. This study revealed the mechanism of GX in treatment of phlegm and blood stasis-relate cardiovascular diseases is consistent with the characteristics of multiple ingredients, multiple targets and multiple pathways. In addition, this study also clarified that the reversal of pathological of phlegm and blood stasis syndrome rats may be related to GX inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which could improve vascular inflammation and vascular endothelial function injury.

There are many types in food allergy, and the most common is mediated by IgE. Currently, the diagnosis of food allergy mainly relied on skin prick test and serum specific IgE of allergen extract, which can not identify cross-sensitization. Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) can identify the major allergen components and cross-components of food allergens, which plays an important role in dietary guidance, prognosis monitoring and diagnosis of special types of IgE-mediated food allergy. This article enumerates clinical characteristics of the IgE-mediated common food allergies, such as milk, egg and seafood allergy, and special type of food allergy, such as cat pork syndrome, oral allergy syndrome, α-gal syndrome and food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, summarizes the advances of CRD in these types of IgE-mediated food allergy, in order to provide an evidence for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of IgE-mediated food allergy.
Humans ; Allergens ; Immunoglobulin E ; Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis* ; Skin Tests

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects and its possible mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP) on Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice. METHODS: Thirty-six C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups including normal, PD, and PD+WYP groups, 12 mice in each group. One week of intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used to establish the classical PD model in mice. Meanwhile, mice in the PD+WYP group were administrated with 16 g/kg WYP, twice daily by gavage. After 14 days of administration, gait test, open field test and pole test were measured to evaluate the movement function. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons in substantia nigra of midbrain and binding immunoglobulin heavy chain protein (GRP78) in striatum and cortex were observed by immunohistochemistry. The levels of TH, GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, p-IRE1α, XBP1, ATF6, CHOP, ASK1, p-JNK, Caspase-12, -9 and -3 in brain were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the PD group, WYP treatment ameliorated gait balance ability in PD mice (P<0.05). Similarly, WYP increased the total distance and average speed (P<0.05 or P<0.01), reduced rest time and pole time (P<0.05). Moreover, WYP significantly increased TH positive cells (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence showed WYP attenuated the levels of GRP78 in striatum and cortex. Meanwhile, WYP treatment significantly decreased the protein expressions of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, p-IRE1 α, XBP1, CHOP, Caspase-12 and Caspase-9 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS WYP ameliorated motor symptoms and pathological lesion of PD mice, which may be related to the regulation of unfolded protein response-mediated signaling pathway and inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis pathway.

The increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases has brought a substantial medical, social and economic burden. The development of allergology is relatively lag behind the allergy prevalence in China. Both the numbers of allergy specialty and allergist are scarce and thus the diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease does not meet the needs of allergy patients. This article summarizes the status of medical education and specialty development of allergology in China and abroad. In addition, the key strategies for promoting the development of allergy education and specialty were discussed, including undergraduate and graduate education of allergology, the orientation of allergy specialty and related specialty/subspecialty, the integration of allergology into the standardized residents training system, training and certification of allergists, and multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model.
Humans ; Hypersensitivity/therapy* ; Education, Medical ; Education, Graduate ; China/epidemiology* ; Students

The increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases has brought a substantial medical, social and economic burden. The development of allergology is relatively lag behind the allergy prevalence in China. Both the numbers of allergy specialty and allergist are scarce and thus the diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease does not meet the needs of allergy patients. This article summarizes the status of medical education and specialty development of allergology in China and abroad. In addition, the key strategies for promoting the development of allergy education and specialty were discussed, including undergraduate and graduate education of allergology, the orientation of allergy specialty and related specialty/subspecialty, the integration of allergology into the standardized residents training system, training and certification of allergists, and multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model.
Humans ; Hypersensitivity/therapy* ; Education, Medical ; Education, Graduate ; China/epidemiology* ; Students