Objective To evaluate the inhibitory activity of fluoxetine alone and in combination with fluconazole on Candida albicans.Methods This study used standard strains of Candida albicans,clinical isolates of Candida albicans,and drug-resistant strains of Candida albicans for experiments to prepare the planktonic and biofilm states of Candida albicans,respectively.The effect of fluoxetine on Candida albicans was detected by XTT reduction method.Pharmacodynamic properties of fluoxetine against Candida albicans biofilm were determined by improved time-kill test.The morphological changes of fluoxetine on Candida albicans biofilm were observed by scanning electron microscopy,and the synergistic effect of fluoxetine combined with fluconazole on Candida albicans biofilms was detec-ted by the checkerboard dilution method.Results Fluoxetine had inhibitory effects on three types of Candida albicans biofilms.The minimum drug concentration that inhibited 50%activity(SMIC50)of biofilms of standard strains of Candida albicans and drug-resistant strains was 32 μg/mL;the SMIC50 of clinical strains of Candida albicans biofilm was 64 μg/mL.Time-kill test displayed that the bio-film activity of three types of Candida albicans significantly decreased compared to the control group at the fluoxetine concentration of 1×SMIC50 and 2×SMIC50.Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that compared with the control group,the number of fungal hyphae in the biofilm of Candida albicans treated with fluoxetine decreased and their morphology wrinkled.The checkerboard microdilu-tion method showed that the combination of fluoxetine and fluconazole exhibited a synergistic effect on the standard strain of Candida al-bicans bioflim,while showing no or antagonistic effects on the other two strains.Conclusion Fluoxetine alone has inhibitory effects on biofilms of different types of Candida albicans and has a synergistic inhibitory effect on biofilms of standard strains of Candida albicans combined with fluconazole.

Objective To evaluate the effects of chloroquine alone and in combination with traditional antifungal agents on the Candi-da albicans biofilms and its drug resistance.Methods This study used standard strains of Candida albicans,and drug-resistant strains of Candida albicans.The inhibitory effects of chloroquine alone and in combination with antifungal drugs on biofilms of Candida albi-cans were detected by XTT reduction method and chessboard dilution method respectively.The morphological characteristics of biofilms were observed under scanning electron microscopy.Results Chloroquine at the concentration of 50 μmol/L or above showed a direct inhibitory effect and increased with concentration.Chloroquine combined with amphotericin B had a synergistic inhibitory effect.Results of the time-killing curve showed that the growth trends of biofilms treated with chloroquine alone and combined with amphotericin B var-ied in different time periods during the experimental culture.Morphological observation also revealed that chloroquine alone and in com-bination with amphotericin B could reduce the ability of Candida albicans to form hyphae and biofilms.Conclusion Chloroquine has an inhibitory effect on Candida albicans biofilms and can reduce its drug resistance.Furthermore,chloroquine shows a synergistic anti-fungal effect when combined with amphotericin B.