Is it necessary to intake anthelmintics every year in Korea? To answer to this question, the recent nation-wide egg positive rate of the intestinal nematodes in Korea was presented. The anthelminthics which are purchasable without physician's prescription were also introduced with their pharmacological reaction and indication. The egg positive rate of Ascaris lumbricoides in 2012 was 0.025%. Those of Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis were 0.27% and 0.004%, respectively. In 2018, purchasable anthelmintics without physician's prescription in Korea were albendazole and flubendazole only. Those two anthelmintics were derivatives of benzimidazole that may cause some side effects such as hepatitis, increase of hepatic enzymes, granulocytopenia, or pancytopenia. These anthelmintics showed excellent effect to ascariasis; while, they are not sufficient to treat trichuriaiss. For treatment of enterobiasis, repeated taking 3 times with 3 weeks interval and mass treatment of the family of egg positive person are required. In conclusion, it is not necessary to take anthelmintics every year without specific diagnosis because of negligible egg positive rate of intestinal nematodes and complicated therapeutic module for enterobiasis. There was no specific symptom of ascariasis or trchuriasis if worm burden is not high. The common symptoms of enterobiasis were pain or itching at the perianal area, sleep difficulty, or diarrhea. If intestinal nematode infection is suspected, stool examination or perianal swab should be done before prescribing anthelmintics.
Agranulocytosis ; Albendazole ; Anthelmintics ; Ascariasis ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Enterobiasis ; Enterobius ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Korea ; Nematode Infections ; Ovum ; Pancytopenia ; Prescriptions ; Pruritus ; Trichuris

Analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) extracted from Ascaris is very important for understanding the phylogenetic lineage of the parasite species. When aDNAs obtained from a Joseon tomb (SN2-19-1) coprolite in which Ascaris eggs were identified were amplified with primers for cytochrome b (cyt b) and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene, the outcome exhibited Ascaris specific amplicon bands. By cloning, sequencing, and analysis of the amplified DNA, we obtained information valuable for comprehending genetic lineage of Ascaris prevalent among pre-modern Joseon peoples.
Adult ; Animals ; Ascariasis/diagnosis/history/*parasitology ; Ascaris/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Base Sequence ; Cytochromes b/genetics ; DNA Primers/genetics ; DNA, Helminth/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics/history ; Female ; Fossils/history/parasitology ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mummies/history/*parasitology ; Ovum/chemistry/classification ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics

Biliary cast describes the presence of casts within the biliary tree. It is resultant sequel of cholangitis and hepatocyte damage secondary to bile stasis and bile duct injury. Biliary cast syndrome was first reported in patient undergone liver transplantation. The pathogenesis of biliary cast is not clearly identified, but proposed etiologic factors include post-transplant bile duct damage, ischemia, biliary infection, or post-operative biliary drainage tube. Although biliary casts are uncommon, most of biliary cast syndrome are reported in the liver transplant or hepatic surgery patients. A few reports have been published about non-transplant or non-liver surgery biliary cast. We report two cases of biliary cast syndrome in non-liver surgery patients.
Acute Disease ; Ascariasis/diagnosis ; Bile Duct Diseases/*diagnosis/ultrasonography ; Bile Ducts/ultrasonography ; Cholagogues and Choleretics/therapeutic use ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde/adverse effects ; Female ; Gallstones/diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis/etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use

Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the most common parasitic infestations of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. The migration of Ascaris lumbricoides into the biliary tree is an uncommon but well-known complication of intestinal ascariasis and often results in biliary colic. A case of acute common bile duct obstruction caused by a roundworm in a 37-year-old woman, a North Korean defector, is reported. Ultrasonography showed no specific abnormal findings except acute cholecystitis and an intrahepatic biliary stone. However, the MDCT clearly demonstrated a linear filling defect in the common bile duct that led to the correct diagnosis. Biliary ascariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of upper abdominal pain of patients in populations at risk.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Ascariasis ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Biliary Tract ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Colic ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Population Characteristics

No abstract availble.
Abdominal Pain/*diagnosis ; Aged ; Animals ; Ascariasis/*diagnosis/parasitology ; *Ascaris lumbricoides ; Duodenal Diseases/*diagnosis/*parasitology ; Duodenoscopy ; Female ; Humans

A study on 126 patients with biliary ascariasis (female/male: 4/1) in December 1997 in Hue Central Hospital has shown that the disease is initiated suddenly with severe pain in the right subcostal area and right chest (most common), vomiting, icterus, history of disease (80%). The common complications are bile duct infection, acute gallbladder infection, pancreatic reactions, acute pancreatitis, bile duct haemorrhage, bile duct abscess. Drugs: Pyrantil, antibiotics.
Ascariasis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; therapeutics

We describe the imaging features of two cases of biliary ascariasis. Ultrasonography and CT showed no specific abnormal findings, but MR cholangiography clearly demonstrated an intraductal linear filling defect that led to the correct diagnosis. MR cholangiography is thus a useful technique for the diagnosis of biliary ascariasis.
Adult ; Animal ; Ascariasis/*diagnosis ; *Ascaris lumbricoides ; *Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Biliary Tract Diseases/*diagnosis/*parasitology ; Common Bile Duct Diseases/*diagnosis/*parasitology ; Female ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Acalculous cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones. Diagnosing this condition is often difficult because of the patient's debilitated medical condition and because of the limitation of biliary imaging technique. Nonetheless, its recognition and therapy are critically important, for if left untreated, many patients will die. During 10 years and 6 months from January 1986 to June 1996, 52 patients underwent assessment and treatment for acalculous cholecystitis at the Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital. A clinical analysis of those patients was done and the following results were obtained: The incidence rate was 3.5%. The most prevalent age group was the seventh decade (13cases), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.4 : 1. Possible etiologic factors were found in 25 cases (48.1%). These factors were surgery in 5 cases (9.6%), trauma in 5 cases (9.6%), sepsis in 5 cases (9.6%), clonorchiasis in 5 cases (9.6%), and others in 5 cases(9.6%). Neither Ascariasis nor Salmonellosis was found as a predisposing factor in this study.The main cardinal symptoms and physical signs were similar to those of calculous cholecystitis. The sensitivities of diagnostic imaging by ultrasonography and computed tomography were 88.4% and 100%, respectively. Of the 52 patients, 46 cases underwent cholecystectomy, and 6 cases were initially treated by percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy. Of these 6 cases, two patients had cholecystostomies during subsequent abdominal operations for other conditions. Two patients had the cholecystostomy tube removed 2 months after an uneventful recovery and have had no further biliary problems. The other two patients died. The operative findings were cholecystitis only in 26 cases (56.5%), cholecystitis with localized peritonitis in 18 cases (39.1%), and cholecystitis with generalized peritonitis in 2 cases (4.3%). Postoperative complications occurred in 16 cases (34.8%), and wound infection was the most common complication (62.5% of all complications).The overall mortality was 9.6%. Conclusively, acalculous cholecystitis had high morbidity and mortality in this study. Once the diagnosis of acalculous cholecystitis is made, the gallbladder should be drained or removed. A decision as to the best approach depends on the specific situation and will require close cooperation between the internist, the surgeon, and the radiologist.
Acalculous Cholecystitis* ; Ascariasis ; Causality ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystostomy ; Clonorchiasis ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Gallbladder ; Gallstones ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Mortality ; Peritonitis ; Postoperative Complications ; Salmonella Infections ; Sepsis ; Ultrasonography ; Wound Infection

Ascariasis ; diagnosis ; Bile Duct Diseases ; diagnosis ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans

In 1, 345 patients suspected of having pancreatic or biliary tract disease, 23 patients were shown to have biliary ascariasis demonstrated by endseopic retrograded cholangiopancreatog raphy, at Kwang Ju Christian Hospital from Sep. 1976 to Aug. 1983. Authors report the clinical study and ERCP finding of 23 cases of biliary ascariasis. The result were as follows. 1) Out of 1,345 cases of ERCP, biliary ascariasis were 28 cases, The ascaris were found in CHD & IHD in 21 cases, and 2 casee were found in Ampulla of Vater. 2) There was no specifia age incidence and male to female ratio was 1: 1.9, 3) The disease was more prevalent in spring & summer, and more prevalent in rural area than urban area. 4) The chief eomplaints were RUQ and epigastric abdominal pain. The cases which were admitetted within 2weeks of onset were 16 cases. 5) Ascaris in biliary tract were removed by operation in 14 cases, and EST were performed in 5 cases. Two cases werere moved by DORMIA basket under the endoscopic direct visualization. 6) We report E.S.T. as a new therapeutic method of biliary ascariasis.
Abdominal Pain ; Ampulla of Vater ; Ascariasis* ; Ascaris ; Biliary Tract ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male