The most important measure for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HBV and reducing chronic HBV infection in children is enhancing the standardized management of chronic HBV infection in pregnant women and their infants. Pregnant women and children are special populations, and antiviral therapy for pregnant women and children with chronic HBV infection differs from that of general population in terms of drug selection and efficacy evaluation. This article will review the selection and efficacy of antiviral drugs for pregnant women and children with chronic HBV infection, in order to help clinicians manage and treat this special population more effectively.