OBJECTIVE: To explore the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of polysaccharides extracts from polysaccharides extracts from Hedyotic diffusa (PEHD) on Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC)cell line CNE2 cells in vitro. METHOD: CNE2 cells treated with various concentrations of PEHD were detected by MTT assay at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein were examined by Western blotting method. RESULT: The growth of CNE2 cells were suppressed after treatment with PEHD (P < 0.05), MTT assay showed that the highest cell inhibition rate reached to 76.5%, the inhibition in the doses from 2 to 6 mg/ml showed dose-and-time-dependent. The percent of apoptosis in 4 and 6 mg/ml PEHD treatment groups for 48 h were 31.32%, 46.28%, respectively, and significantly higher than that in control groups, 4.86% (P < 0.01). After the cells being treated with PEHD for 48 h, the expression of Bax and caspase-3 protein increased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased gradually. CONCLUSION PEHD could inhibited the growth of CNE2 cells and was dose-and-time-dependent, the mechanism may involve induction of cell apoptosis, which was associated with the activation of Bax and caspase-3 protein and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression.
Apoptosis ; Carcinoma ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Hedyotis ; chemistry ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To compare acoustically evoked short latency negative responses (ASNR) elicited from normal and profound hearing loss guinea pig ears and to confirm their vestibular nuclei origination.Methods Forty healthy guinea pigs were employed in the experiment, which were randomly divided into the control group (8 subjects, 16 ears), the masking group (16 subjects, 32 ears) and the deafened group (16 subjects, 32 ears).Air conductive white noise was chosen for masking.Masking dilemma was avoidable by an appropriate 15 dB gap between stimulus and masking sound.Both the nasking group and the deafened group were further divided into ASNR group and non-ASNR group based on the presence of ASNR.Electrolytic lesion was conducted to the vestibular nuclei, followed by ABR/ASNR recording.The lesioned brainstem slices were microscopically verified.Results In the masking group, ASNR were present in 24 ears (75.0％ , 24/32) and 12 ears (46.2％ , 12/26) in deafened group, showing statistically higher presence rate for masking group (x2 =5.07, P =0.024).There were no significant differences for the ASNR threshold and latency between the masking ASNR group and the deafened ASNR group.For the two ASNR groups, electrolytic destruction to the vestibular nuclei subsequently eliminated the ASNR.Brainstem slice proved the accurate sites of electrolytic lesion.Conclusion Moderate white noise masking prevents hearing system potential overlap without affecting vestibular system, therefore, ASNR is successfully elicited in normal guinea pigs.Both ASNRs from normal and deafened guinea pigs are of similar natures and origination from, the vestibular nuclei.

Objective To establish examination methods of electromyography (EMG) for tensor veli palatini (TVP) ,to obtain EMG values and EMG graphic patterns of TVP in normal healthy population .Methods A total of 20 healthy adults were selected for the study .Under the guidance of nasopharyngoscope ,especially designed elec-trode needles were inserted into different sites of TVP .All the 20 healthy adults were asked to perform series of swallowing and recorded the EMG values and EMG waveforms .Results At a scanning speed of 5 ms/div ,and with the TVP point as tie point ,the results of 20 healthy adults were obtained for 38 sides of TVP EMG .With the TVP contraction duration (0 .863 ± 0 .255 s) ,the peak voltage was produced by the contraction of 445 .100 ± 246 .808μV .The wave forms of EMG were considered as the interference .TVPs were observed bilaterally in synchroniza-tion with the contraction during swallowing .Action potential durations were 9 .142 ± 2 .178 ms ,and the amplitude of the action potential was 254 .260 ± 191 .544 μV .The action potential graphic configuration was multi -phasic with 2~3 waveforms .Conclusion This experimental study showed that when the TVP point was as tie point and the scanning speed was set at 5 ms/div record ,the results of action potentials were obtained more stable and clearer and the TVP normal values were also obtained for the normal population .

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inhibitive effect of matrine modification X on the growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cell xenografts in nude mice. METHOD: Tumor model was established by subcutaneous inoculation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE2 into nude mice, which was used to evaluate the antitumor effect of matrine modification X in vivo. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase3 were detected by real-time PCR and western blot. RESULT: The growth of xenografts in nude mice was significantly suppressed after application of matrine modification X in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition rates were 32.55% and 44.89% when treated at medium and high dose respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative-PCR and Western Blot results showed that the expression of Bax and Caspase3 increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The change of high dose group was obvious, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Matrine modification X could significantly inhibit the growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cell xenografts in nude mice, probably by inducing the apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and the possible mechanism is related to regulating the expression level of Bax/Bcl-2 and Casepase3.
Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inhibited effect of matrine on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells and the expression of apoptosis-related gene Caspase-3 mRNA, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 protein. And to explore the inhibiting effect of matrine on the apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells. METHOD: In vitro experiments, MTT assay was used to detect the effect of matrine on CNE2 cell proliferation with different concentration. The expression levels of Caspase-3 were detected by real-time PCR. Western Blot was used to gauge the levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 protein. RESULT: MTT results showed significant inhibitory action of matrine on CNE2 cells proliferation in does-dependent manner, which could up-regulate the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA and Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 protein in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Matrine could inhibit CNE2 cells proliferation in a does-dependent,that was closely related to the up-regulation of Caspase-3 mRNA and Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 protein expression, and to the cascade reaction of Caspase.
Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 8 ; Caspase 9 ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology

Objectives Sonotubometry is wildly used in developed countries,offers a easy,versatile and objective way to assess the function of Eustachian tube.The objectives of this study are to develop a lowcost digitalized device.Methods The digitalized sonotubometry device was made of a personal computer with sound input and output accessories.The PC sound card,connected to a signal amplifier,exported probe band noise,while feedback sound was collected by a microphone.All 36 volunteers (72 ears) were involved in the sonotubometry test with JK-04A and CHN-08,in the conditions of dry-swallowing and wetswallowing.The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0.Results The basic electroacoustic performance of the CHN-08 was acceptable.CHN-08 (7 kHz) detection and JK-04A consistency of kappa index was 0.472 ; CHN-08 (8 kHz) and JK-04A consistency of kappa index was 0.487 ; CHN-08 (7 kHz) and CHN-08(8 kHz) consistency of kappa index was 0.688.Under the JK-04A,CHN-08 (7 kHz) and CHN-08 (8 kHz) three setups,Eustachian tube opening frequency was significantly lower for wet-swallowing than dry-swallowing,P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions A low-cost digitalized sonotubometry is successfully developed.Its electroacoustic performance proved acceptable by authority assessments.The detection rate of CHN-08 is in accordance with that of JK-04A moderately.The study revealed that Eustachian tube is opened more easily by dry-swallowing than by wet-swallowing.

Objective To investigate the learning curve of cochlear implantation and its guiding significance for clinical surgery.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of two otologists in early cochlear implant surgeries,including 98 cases of Dr.A and 54 cases of Dr.B.Statistics of the two doctors incidence of complications and operating time.Operation time as index were drawing a,b two groups of cases of scatter plot,the oscillating sine curve model Y =sin(X)-P/2 and logarithmic curve model Y =b1 ln (X) + b0 curve fit were analyzed.Then,extract the early 90 cases of surgery by Dr.A which was divided into a,b,c three groups with 30 cases a group.The operating time and complications were further compared and analyzed (SPSS 16.0).Results From the operation sequence,A and B physicians,early operation cases cost more operating time,and more complications.Learning curve before and after about 30 cases appeared inflection point,showing a rapid decline in period (learning phase) and slow decline period (consolidation phase) in two stages.Group contrast to Dr.A's early 90 consecutive cases,the operating time of Phase b and Phase c decreased significantly than Phase a (Pa-b ＜0.01,Pa-c ＜0.01),while there was no significant difference between group Phase b and Phase c (Pb-c =0.68),the complication rate of Phase b and Phase c decreased significantly than Phase a (Pa-b ＜ 0.01,Pa-c ＜ 0.01),while there was no significant difference between group Phase b and Phase c (Pb-c =0.15).Conclusions Our department of cochlear implantation followed the learning curve rule.The minimum number of cases that should accumulate in the learning phase needs about 30 cases.

Objective This study established a model of acoustically evoked short latency negative response (ASNR) in guinea pigs.Stereotaxic coordinate guided electrolytic lesion was applied to animal brainstem nuclei,the vestibular nucleus and the cochlear nucleus,to define the neural origin of ASNR.Methods Twenty four guinea pigs with normal hearing were randomly divided into the control group (8 subjects,16 ears) and the deafened group (16 subjects,32 ears).Each animal experienced the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test.According to the presence of ASNR,the deafened group was further divided into ASNR group and non-ASNR group.Electrolytic lesion was conducted to the vestibular nucleus and cochlear nucleus respectively,followed by ABR test.The lesion structures were verified by brainstem slice and microscope.Results In deafened group,the ASNR was elicited in 10 ears (31.3％).The ASNR was eliminated due to the electrolytic destruction to the vestibular nucleus,but it remained unchanged after the same procedure to the cochlear nucleus.Conclusion It is clear that the ASNR is originated from the vestibular nucleus,but not the cochlear nucleus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the position and shape of inserted electrode arrays by plain X-ray during cochlear implantation. METHOD: Cochlear view of implanted electrode arrays by plain X-ray were observed during operation in 54 patients received cochlear implant. RESULT: The image in cochlear view could provide the information about position and shape of inserted electrode arrays. The spiral-shape electrode arrays without distortion and folding were found in 52 cases. The complete insertion of intracochlear electrode in these patients were confirmed by surgery. Of 54 cases, the other 2 cases showed improper position and C-shape of intracochlear electrodes, one was partial insertion and the other was bending inside the cochlea. The bending electrode array was reinserted immediately during operation. CONCLUSION Routine plain X-ray after inserted electrode during operation was a best way of knowing the shape and depth of the electrode array, especial for the difficult cochlear implantation, and also could avoided anesthetization again.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlea ; diagnostic imaging ; Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Cochlear Implants ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Radiography ; X-Rays ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To analyze characteristics and curative effect of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) inpatients with different audiometric curve and provide the reference for the diagnosis and treatment of SSHL. METHOD: Retrospective analyze of 1033 cases of SSHL inpatients, compare the gender, the ears, the ages, with or without tinnitus and vertigo, hearing loss degree and the efficacy of distribution characteristics in different audiometric curves. RESULT: Lnpatients with SSHL are mostly flat (27.24%), peak valley at least (5.94%); Gender distribution: male to female ratio was 1.3:1, audiometric curve for the rise type more than the decline type and flat type and completely deafness type (P < 0.01) in female. The ears distribution: the flat type more than increase type ( P < 0.01) in double eras SSHL. The age distribution: the flat type more than 60 years of age was significantly higher than that rising type (P < 0.01). Completely deafness type compared with the other types, the decline type compared with the rise type, the incidence of vertigo was significantly different (P < 0.01). Peak valley type with tinnitus was higher than the flat type. Degree of hearing loss distribution: completely deaf type in the very severe hearing loss was significantly higher than other types (< 0.01), flat type in severe hearing loss was significantly higher than other types (P < 0.01). The total effective rate was 51.01%. Rise type, peak valley type were more efficient than other types (P < 0.01); completely deafness type was less efficient than other types (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The characteristics and curative effect are different in SSHL inpatients with different audiometric curves. Flat type was the most, peak valley type was the least. The curative effect of rise type and peak valley type are the best, completely deafness type is the worst. The degree of hearing loss and whether associated with vertigo is closely related in efficacy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Audiometry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult