Objective : To explore the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of multiple idiopathic root resorption to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The clinical data of a case of multiple idiopathic root resorption were analyzed retrospectively, and the related literature was reviewed. Results: The patient had no history of orthodontic correction, occlusal trauma, trauma history or other causes of root resorption. Clinical examination revealed full-mouth gingival congestion, redness, a loose texture, and variable degrees of destruction of the alveolar bone. Imaging examination showed that teeth 13, 16, 26, 36, 46 had idiopathic root resorption. The diagnoses were multiple idiopathic root resorption and periodontitis. The pathology tests showed that a large number of osteoclasts were present in the soft tissue surrounding the teeth. Whole-exome sequencing showed that there was a strong correlation between gene mutations (WNT7a and HSPG2) and the present phenotype. Root resorption of teeth without periodontitis was stopped after periodontal treatment during the 19-month follow-up. Tooth 13 was removed, and extraction socket preservation was performed. The etiology of idiopathic root resorption may be related to gene mutations, but it is not clear. At present, there is no effective treatment. Conclusion Multiple idiopathic root resorption has an unknown etiology, but it may be related to WNT7A and HSPG2 gene mutations. The rate of root resorption can be slowed by controlling periodontal inflammation.

Traditional titanium implants do not completely meet the clinical requirements because they are bioinert. The surface of titanium implants, modified by strontium ions, can enhance osseointegration and reduce peri-implantitis. In this paper, the biological properties of titanium implant surfaces modified by strontium ions were reviewed. Strontium ions can be coated on the implant surface by hydrothermal treatment, electrochemical deposition, phosphate chemical conversion, flame-spraying, supramolecular self-assembly, magnetron sputtering, laser deposition and alkali etching. Implant surfaces modified by strontium ions can not only promote osteogenesis and early osseointegration but also inhibit bacterial growth and reduce postoperative infections. Even better osseointegration and antibacterial effects can be achieved when strontium ions are incorporated with other elements, such as silver, zinc, gallium, and calcium. However, most of the studies on the use of strontium ion-modified titanium implants are animal experiments and in vitro experiments, and the observation time is short compared with the actual service life of the implants. Thus, the conclusions obtained may be different from the actual clinical application, and the long-term effects need to be studied. In addition, the osteogenic effects of various modification methods also need to be compared. Future research can focus on the following points: ① to find efficient modification methods that can be widely used in the clinic; ②to study how to control the concentration of strontium ions near the implant to exert their biological function and reduce their toxic side effects; and ③ to conduct long-term follow-up clinical trials to observe their osteogenic and antibacterial effects.

Objective: To explore the early failure of narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) and to provide a reference for clinical implant restoration. Methods: From April 2017 to April 2020, data from a total of 725 patients (with 1 001 NDIs) who accepted implant restoration due to dentition defects were collected from the department of dental implantology in a stomatological hospital; 353 males and 372 females were included. The early failure rate of 1 001 NDIs was retrospectively analyzed. Univariate generalized estimated equation (GEE) and multivariate GEE were used to explore risk factors, including age, sex, implant location, materials, surface modification, length, bone augmentation and healing procedure, associated with early failure of NDIs. Results: There were 34 cases of early failure among 725 patients, including 38 NDIs. The early failure rate of NDIs was 4.69% at the patient level and 3.80% at the implant level. There was no significant difference in the early failure rate of NDIs among different age groups, sexes, implant materials, surface modifications, lengths, and healing procedures (P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the early failure rate of NDIs in the anterior maxilla group (2.16%) and the anterior mandible group (8.64%) at the implant level (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the early failure rate between the anterior maxilla group and the posterior group (3.35%) (P>0.05). In addition, in the anterior region, the early failure rate of NDIs in the group with simultaneous bone augmentation was significantly lower than that of the group without bone augmentation (P<0.05). However, multivariate GEE analysis showed that the early failure rate of NDIs was only significantly positively correlated with implants in the mandibular anterior region (P<0.01). Conclusion The overall early survival rate of Straumann 3.3 mm NDIs is greater than 95%. The early failure of NDIs in the anterior mandible region is much higher than that in the anterior maxilla region and posterior region.

BACKGROUND: : Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood that warrants effective therapies. Gut microbiota can affect central physiology and function via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Therefore, the gut microbiota plays an important role in some mental illnesses. A small clinical trial showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may alleviate TS symptoms in children. Herein, FMT effects and mechanisms were explored in a TS mouse model. METHODS: : TS mice model (TSMO) (n = 80) were established with 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile, and 80 mice were used as controls. Mice were grouped into eight groups and were subjected to FMT with feces from children or mice with or without TS, or were given probiotics. Fecal specimens were collected 3 weeks after FMT. 16S rRNA sequencing, behavioral observation, and serum serotonin (5-HT) assay were performed. Differences between groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) tests. RESULTS: : A total of 18 discriminative microbial signatures (linear discriminant analysis score > 3) that varied significantly between TS and healthy mice (CONH) were identified. A significant increase in Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae in TSMO after FMT was observed (P  < 0.05). Compared with non-transplanted TSMO, the symptoms of those transplanted with feces from CONH were alleviated (W = 336, P = 0.046). In the probiotic and FMT experiments, the serum 5-HT levels significantly increased in TSMO that received probiotics (KS = 1.423, P = 0.035) and in those transplanted with feces from CONH (W = 336.5, P = 0.046) compared with TSMO without transplantation. CONCLUSIONS : This study suggests that FMT may ameliorate TS by promoting 5-HT secretion, and it provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of FMT as a treatment for TS.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Mice ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Serotonin ; Tics ; Tourette Syndrome/therapy*

Objective:To study the effect of combined decoction and single decoction of Houpu Wenzhongtang on rats with deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach from the perspective of metabonomics, to find out the relevant potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways, and to explore the similarities and differences between the combined decoction and single decoction, so as to provide reference for the feasibility analysis of replacing traditional decoction with single dispensing granule of this formula. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Houpu Wenzhongtang combined decoction group and simgle decoction group. Rats in the normal group were given distilled water by intragastric administration, rats in the other three groups were given cold vinegar at 4 ℃ in the morning and refined lard in the afternoon for 10 days (the dosage of 10 mL·kg^-1). After the model was successfully established, rats in the combined decoction group and the single decoction group were given corresponding decoction with dosage of 1.8 g·kg^-1 (according to the amount of crude drugs), once a day for 7 days. Ultra-high liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technique was used to analyze the small molecular endogenous metabolites in urine. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to compare the changes of differential metabolites among the normal group, model group, Houpu Wenzhongtang combined decoction group and single decoction group, and the differential metabolites were introduced into Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for metabolic pathway analysis. Result:Compared with the model group, the Houpu Wenzhongtang combined decoction group and single decoction group jointly regulated 13 potential biomarkers, including phosphatidylcholine(PC), lysophosphatidic acid(LysoPA) and cholic acid, etc. They played a role in treating deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach by influencing metabolic pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling system and so on. The combined decoction and single decoction of Houpu Wenzhongtang could obviously restore the body weight, motilin and gastrin contents of rats with deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach to normal levels. Conclusion:According to biochemical indexes, there is no obvious difference between combined decoction and single decoction of Houpu Wenzhongtang, but according to metabonomics, the combined decoction may be slightly better than the single decoction. The research shows that it is feasible to replace traditional decoction with single dispensing granule of Houpu Wenzhongtang in clinical application.