OBJECTIVE: To observe the household environment dust mites allergens content distribution characteristics and influence factors of children with allergic rhinitis to dust mites in Wuhu. METHOD: Collect the surface dust in bedroom and living room floor, mattresses, pillows, sofa of 102 children with allergic rhinitis families. Dust mite allergen components 1 (Der f1) and house dust mites allergens 1 components (Der p1) of the dust samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULT: One hundred and twenty samples were collected . In a domestic dust mites samples, with a median of M (Min and Max) said dust mite allergen levels, Der f1 and Der p1 content was 2.66 (0.03, 26.63), 3.48 (0, 03, 33.68), respectively. Der f1 was significantly less than Der p1, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). According to the classification of urban and township, there were 68 cases and 34 cases. Der f1 content in the samples was 2.91 (0.31, 26.63), 2.40 (0.08, 16.02), respectively. Der p1 content was 4.28 (0.03, 20.77), 3.88 (0.14, 33.68), respectively. The dust mites content of urban was significantly more than that of villages and towns, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Samples were also classified by gender. The dust mites allergens content in either boy's or girl's family were similar, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The household dust mites of children allergic rhinitisin Wuhu area is given priority to with Der p1, and urban dust mites are significantly more than village's and town's. Enhancing health education, controlling dust mites allergens contamination inside the bedroom, especially urban areas, are positive differences for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis in children.
Allergens ; analysis ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; analysis ; Arthropod Proteins ; analysis ; Bedding and Linens ; Child ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; analysis ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Dust ; analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVEThe prevalence of allergic asthma has been rising continually which is correlated with the increasingly closed living environment. House dust mites are the major sources of indoor aeroallergens which induce asthma in sensitized people. To monitor the seasonal variation of house dust mite (HDM)-allergens exposure level in the asthmatic children, which was evaluated to show its correlation with the level of asthma control, HDM allergic sensitization and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and to provide basic data for HDM environmental control.

METHODA total of 48 HDM-allergic asthmatic children were enrolled from the asthma clinic in the hospital from March 2011 to January 2012 (boys 34 and girls 14, aging from 3 to 14 years, mean age 8 years and 4 months) in the present study. Dust samples from mattresses, pillows, bedroom floor, living room floor and sofas were collected in each season within one year in the household of all the enrolled patients. The concentrations of Der p 1 and Der f 1 were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To record the Asthma Control Test (ACT) score or Children Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) score for each patient and to collect the data of doctor monitoring asthma control level each time when the patient was clinic visited. The concentration and its classification of the serum specific IgE to HDM was determined by fluoroenzyme-immunometric assay.

RESULTThe average concentration of Der f 1 of all dust samples was significantly higher than that of Der p 1 (0.13 µg/g vs 0.02 µg/g, P < 0.05). The concentrations of Der f 1 from mattresses, pillows and sofas dust samples were significantly higher than those from bedroom floor and living room floor dust samples (0.69 µg/g, 0.42 µg/g and 0.22 µg/g vs 0.07 µg/g and 0.07 µg/g, P < 0.05). The Der f 1 exposure level from mattress dusts in summer but no others was negatively correlated with asthma control level (r = -0.318, P = 0.036). The Der f 1 exposure level from any area dusts in summer and the Der p 1 exposure level from pillows dusts in autumn was negatively correlated with ACT/C-ACT score respectively. The Der f 1 from mattress dusts in winter was positively correlated with classification of sIgE to Der f 1. The Der p 1 exposure level from most areas in each season was positively correlated with classification of sIgE to Der f 1 and Der P 1.

CONCLUSIONDer f 1 was the predominant mite allergen in household dust and mainly came from mattresses, pillows and sofas. The role of the HDM allergen exposure level on the asthma control level and HDM allergic sensitization for the asthmatic children were depended on its area, season and HDM species, which suggested that the future assessment of clinical effect by the HDM environmental control should consider these factors.

Adolescent ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; analysis ; Asthma ; diagnosis ; etiology ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dust ; Environmental Exposure ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Male ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Risk Factors ; Seasons

We attempted to investigate the correlation between the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children and the indoor level of house dust mite (HDM) allergens. Ninety-five patients (31.1 +/- 19.5 months of age) with AD were enrolled in this study, and serum specific IgE against Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae was measured. The severity of AD was assessed using the visual analogue scale on the same day of house dust collection. Living rooms and mattresses where the child usually slept were vacuumed for 2 minutes and concentrations of Der f 1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The skin symptoms were more severe in patients with Der f 1 concentrations in living room > 2 microg/g dust than < or = 2 microg/g dust (P = 0.018). This difference was noted in AD patients without sensitization to HDM (P = 0.004), but not in patients with sensitization. There was no difference in symptom severity according to Der f 1 concentrations in mattresses (P = 0.062). The severity of skin symptoms is associated with indoor concentrations of HDM in children with AD, and it is likely to act as nonspecific irritants as well as allergens in AD skin lesions.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides/*analysis ; Beds/parasitology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic/*diagnosis/pathology ; Dermatophagoides farinae/immunology ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/immunology ; *Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Infant ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index

BACKGROUNDHaikou locates in tropical island with unique mite propagation. The aim of this stuy is to determine mite allergens levels in Haikou, and to investigate the prevalence of mite specific IgE-sensitization and IgE cross-reactivity between house dust mites.

METHODSAllergen and antigen concentrations against six mite species were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific IgE concentrations and cross-inhibitions were measured with ADVIA Centaur(®).

RESULTSAllergen or antigen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t) and Tyrophagus putrescentia (Tyr p) were detected in dust samples. Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 1), Lepidoglyphus destructor (Lep d 2), and Acarus siro (Aca s) were found in very few samples. Specific IgE tests showed high prevalence of sensitizations against all tested mites with high IgE levels to Der p, Der f, and Blo t. Storage mites, Blo t, Tyr p, Lep d, and Aca s, could inhibit Der p from 0 to 50%. Storage mites could inhibit Der f between 30% and 100%. Der p IgE could be inhibited by Der f with up to 90%, and vice versa. Der p could inhibit Blo t from 40% to 80%. Blo t was able to fully inhibit IgE binding to Lep d, Tyr p, and Aca s compared to partial inhibition by Der p.

CONCLUSIONSDer p is the dominating mite and has the highest specific IgE prevalence among asthmatic children. Blo t represents an important source of storage mite sensitization and some patients may be independently sensitized to both Der p and Blo t. High prevalence of sensitization to Der f may be due to IgE-mediated cross-reactivity with Der p and Blo t.

Adolescent ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; Allergens ; analysis ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; analysis ; Arthropod Proteins ; analysis ; Asthma ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cross Reactions ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; analysis ; Dust ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; immunology ; Mites ; immunology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhaled allergens spectrum of 890 allergic rhinitis patients in Shanghai, and to provide basic epidemiologic information for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Thirteen allergens skin prick test results of 890 allergic rhinitis patients recruited were retrospectively analyzed. RESULT: The main common inhaled allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in Shanghai were house dust mite (91.24%), dermatophagoides farinae (86.58%), tropical mite (51.98%), dog hair (15.96%). Moreover, the positive frequency was decreased with age increasing, and gender group had no obvious difference. CONCLUSION House dust mite and dermatophagoides farinae were the main allergens of allergic rhinitis patients in Shanghai. Skin prick test is helpful for the discovery of the allergens so as to provide important basis of immunotherapy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; analysis ; classification ; immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mites ; classification ; immunology ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To study the pathogenesis of the patients with allergic rhinitis diagnosed by Skin Prick Test (SPT), especially about the epidemiologic data of the involved allergens. METHOD: The data was collected from 958 patients referred to the listed three allergy center and subsequently diagnosed as allergic rhinitis by SPT. RESULT: The intermittent mild type was more prevalent in male patients (40.5%); comparably the intermittent moderate type in female patients (70.0%); in the infant patients the moderate-severe type dominated (73.7%). The positive results of SPT comprised mainly of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der. p, 98.3%), Dermatophagoides farinae(Der. f, 96.8%), and Blomia tropicalis (Blot, 73.8%). Only 1.7% of the patients was allergic to single allergen, in contrary ,the majority of patients were allergic to multiple allergens. The positive rate to Der. p and Der. f was reversely increasing with age of the patients; and contrarily the number of positive allergens was increasing along with the age of the patients. The allergy to outdoor allergen was less common, and the positive rate in skin prick test was lower than the previously reported rate in North China ,such as timothy (3.9%), birch (2.7%), ragweed (2.0%), and mugwort (1.2%). CONCLUSION Dust Mite is the predominant allergen for patients with allergic rhinitis in Guangdong province; and the positive rate to outdoor allergen is lower than that in North China.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; analysis ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mites ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The effects of air cleaners on the removal of airborne indoor allergens, especially house dust mites (HDM), are still controversial. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of an air cleaner with an electrostatic filter on the removal of airborne mite allergens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A dried HDM culture medium that contained mite body particles and excretions was dispersed in a chamber equipped with an electrostatic air cleaner. The number of airborne particles was recorded continuously by a dust spectrometer for 60 minutes. Airborne particles in the chamber were collected on a sampling filter at a flow rate of 10 L/min and the Der f 1 concentration in the filter extracts was measured by two-site ELISA. RESULTS: The air cleaner efficiently removed airborne HDM particles. The air cleaner removed airborne HDM particles (size 2-12.5 microm) 11.4 +/- 2.9 fold (cleaner operating for 15 minutes), 5.4 +/- 0.7 fold (cleaner operating for 30 minutes), and 2.4 +/- 0.2 fold (cleaner operating for 60 minutes) more than the removal of HDM particles by natural settle down. Removal kinetics differed according to the particle size of the airborne particles. The air cleaner decreased the concentration of Der f 1 in the extraction of airborne particles collected on the air sampling filter by 60.3%. CONCLUSION: The electrostatic air cleaner can remove airborne HDM allergens and may be useful as a supplementary environmental control tool for HDM sensitized respiratory allergic patients.
Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis ; Allergens/analysis ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides/*analysis/*immunology ; Culture Media/metabolism ; Dust/analysis/immunology ; Environment ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Filtration ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mites ; Particle Size ; Static Electricity

House dust mites produce inhalant allergens of importance to allergic patients. We measured the major group 1 allergens, Der p 1 and Der f 1, from the house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farina, respectively in 100 randomly selected domestic homes from Cheonan, Korea. Dust samples were collected by vacuuming from the living room floor and 1 mattress in each home. Der p 1 and Der f 1 were measured by double monoclonal ELISA. Der p 1 levels were very low, with geometric mean levels for floors and mattresses being 0.11 microgram/g (range: 0.01-4.05) and 0.14 microgram/g (range: 0.01-30.0), respectively. Corresponding levels of Der f 1 were higher, 7.46 microgram/g (range: 0.01-262.9) and 10.2 microgram/g (range: 0.01-230.9) for floors and mattresses, respectively. D. farinae appears to be the dominant house dust mite in Cheonan.
Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Bedding and Linens ; Dust/analysis ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Housing ; Humans ; Korea ; Pyroglyphidae/*immunology

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of serum in allergic rhinitis and investigate the specific clinic allergen and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. METHOD: Allergy Screen method was used to detect the specific allergen and total serum IgE level of 134 cases of Allergic rhinitis. RESULT: The dust mite was the most common allergen in inhalation group in 134 cases of allergic rhinitis, the positive rates was 90%; then were donly, feline and scurfy fungus, the positive rates were 16%, 9%. The positive rates of total IgE was 54%. The serum IgE levels between 100 to 200 kU/L, there was 21 cases together, but there existed 7 negative cases. There were 51 cases' IgE levels more than 200 kU/L, the rates was 70.8%, but there still existed 4 negative cases. CONCLUSION Allergy screen method can find relevant allergen and provide basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic disease.
Adult ; Allergens ; blood ; immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Male ; Mites ; immunology ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Pollen ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; immunology

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine which allergens were prevalent in patients with allergic rhinitis and respiratory disease in Qingshan Wuhan. METHOD: A total of 700 cases, which were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis and respiratory disease by history and clinical presentation, underwent ELISA test with 7 standardized allergens, and the most important sensitizing allergens were assessed. The samples were stratified on two age groups: AR and respiratory disease group and the positive rate of two main allergens in two groups were contrast analyzed. RESULT: For patients with allergic rhinitis, the positive rate of the top seven aeroallergen were dermatophagoides (47%), herbs (19.7%), tree (18%), animal dander (8.9%), house dust (6.5%), mold (4.9%) and wormwood (3%). There was no significant difference in higher sensitivity to dust mite and ragweed between allergic rhinitis and respiratory disease group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Dust mite, Tree and Herbs are the most important three aeroallergens in Qingshan region of Wuhan.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Allergens ; analysis ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; analysis ; China ; epidemiology ; Dust ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pollen ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis ; epidemiology ; Young Adult