ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the changes in fungal community diversity and volatile components during the aging process of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum and explore the internal relationship between them. MethodAquilariae Lignum Resinatum samples with different aging years were collected. High-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze the fungal diversity and abundance， and α and β diversity indicators were calculated to reveal the composition and dynamic changes of the fungal community. In addition， the essential oils of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum with different aging years were extracted， separated， and identified by two-dimensional gas chromatography-high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ResultA total of 61 compounds were identified from the volatile components of five groups of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum samples， including 2 monoterpenes， 24 sesquiterpenoids， 1 diterpene， 13 aromatic hydrocarbons， 9 alkanes， and 12 other compounds. Among them， the volatile compounds isolated from the sample aged for 1 year had the largest number， and those from the sample aged for 2 years accounted for the largest proportion of the total components. The internal transcribed spacer（ITS） amplicon sequencing revealed that the fungi in the five groups of samples belonged to 162 genera. Kirschsteiniothelia， Aspergillus， Lasiodiplodia， Phaeoacremonium， and Trichoderma were the dominant fungal genera. The fungal diversity in the Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum sample aged for 4 years was significantly higher than that in the samples aged for 0 to 3 years. ConclusionThe volatile component content and composition of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum altered dramatically during aging. The aging of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum was accompanied by the increasing fungal diversity， decreasing relative content of aromatic hydrocarbons， and increasing relative content of sesquiterpenoids. In general， aging was beneficial to the transformation of sesquiterpenoids and the enrichment of fungi.

【Objective】 To evaluate the effect of Arntl on T cell development and T cell-mediated anti-viral immunity. 【Methods】 Arntl^F/FCD4cre⁺(KO) in mice was constructed to delete Arntl gene specifically in T cells. We examined the percentage and number of T cell subsets in the thymus and spleen by flow cytometry (FCM). At day 8 after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, the proportions of T cell subsets, virus-specific CD8⁺ T cells and IFN-γ secreting T cells were analyzed. The viral load in the spleen was measured using qPCR. Naive CD4⁺ T cells (CD4⁺CD25^-CD44^-CD62L⁺) were sorted by flow cytometry to perform T helper cell differentiation in vitro. 【Results】 The percentage and number of T cells in the thymus and spleen of KO mice showed no significant change compared with those in the control group (Arntl^F/FCD4cre^- mice, WT) (P>0.05). Acute LCMV infection did not cause observable changes in effector T cell proportion in the spleen of KO mice compared to that in WT mice (P>0.05), but KO mice showed a higher proportion of IFN-γ secreting T cells (P<0.05) and better virus clearance (P<0.05). In addition, naive CD4⁺ T cells from KO mice were more prone to differentiate into Th1 cells in vitro (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Arntl deletion in T cells does not affect T cell development, but enhances their ability to defend against viral infection by promoting Th1 cell differentiation and response.

Objective To evaluate the effects of nasolabial flap with facial artery and its branches perforator for reconstruction of nasal defect.Methods Between March 2013 and April 2017,21 patients underwent operations for the reconstruction of nasal defect,caused by trauma,surface tumors,moles and infection.The size of the defect was 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm to 3.0 cm × 3.0 cm.Designed various nasolabial perforator flap was pedicled with the facial artery.The pulsed blood flow detector determined the location of the facial artery and its perforation position,which was the rotation point,and the rotation of the nasolabial fold flap covered the nasal defect area to repair.Results 21 flaps survived.Surface artery perforation nasolabial fold flap was good blood supply,of which 1 case of flap was congested and recovered after treatment.After 1 month to 3 years follow-up on 21 cases,20 cases showed good results and 1 case had generally accepted.The color,shape and function of the flap were significant,similar to the normal skin.Conclusions A small area defect in the nose is preferred by using facial arterial perforation nasolabial fold flap repair,which does not need secondary repair,and is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To assess the clinical value of MPI with ATP intervention (ATP-MPI) in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods To collect published literatures on ATP-MPI studies for the diagnosis of CHD,the PubMed,the Excerpta Medica Database (EMbase),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBMdis),Vip and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched with computer and manual method since the data were available until to 2014.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the literatures were screened to extract data by two independent evaluators.Meta-analysis was conducted with Stata 12.0 software.Results A total of 11 studies involving 968 patients were included.In patient study,which included 9 literatures and 933 patients,the Se,Sp,LR+,LRand 95％ CI of ATP-MPI diagnosis of CHD were 0.89 (0.82-0.94),0.84 (0.74-091),6.00 (3.25-9.91),0.13 (0.07-0.22),respectively.The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 45.04.The AUC of summary ROC (SROC) curve was 0.94.In the coronary artery study,which included 6 literatures and 1 079 coronary arteries,the Se,Sp,LR+,LR-and 95％ CI of ATP-MPI diagnosis of coronary stenosis were 0.83 (0.71-0.91),0.92 (0.86-0.95),10.00 (5.58-16.99),0.18 (0.09-0.34),respectively.The DOR was 53.24 and the SROC AUC was 0.94.Conclusion ATP-MPI has a significant value in the diagnosis of CHD.

Ongoing study on the chemical constituents of the roots of Macleaya microcarpa led to the isolation of eight compounds of derivatives of triterpenes and organic acids in addition to some previously identified benzophenanthridines. The eight compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods as well as comparison with literature values as 1-oxo-2, 22 (30)-hopandien-29-oic acid (1), 3-oxo-12-oleanen-30-oic acid (2), 3α-hydroxy-12-oleanen-30-oic acid (3), 3β-hydroxy-12-oleanen-30-oic acid (4), ferulic acid (5), ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside (6), 3-O-feruloylquinic acid (7), and methyl 3-O-feruloylquinate (8). Of which, 1 is a new triterpenoid of hopanes and 2-8 are isolated from M microcarpa for the first time. In order to discover natural active compounds as potential agents of anti-ulcerative colitis (UC), an in vitro drug high-throughput screening model targeted x-box-binding protein 1 (xbp1) was employed to evaluate the activity of the major chemical constituents of M microcarpa. The result confirmed that two dihydrobenzophenanthridines, dihydrosanguinarine (9) and dihydrochelerythrine (10), showed a certain activity on activating the transcription of xbpl, a transcription factor (TF) associated with the occurrence, development, and potential treatment of UC, with their relative activating ratios being 1.76 and 1.77 times, respectively, as compared with control group.

Objective To investigate the glycosidic linkage and immunomodulating activities of crude polysaccharides from the seeds of Zea mays. Methods Extraction, isolation and purification of polysaccharides were carried out with boiling-water extraction plus resolving deposit repeatedly. The structure was elucidated on basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and the biological activities were evaluated by means of Immunopharmacological examination. Results The structure of polysaccharides from the seeds of Z. mays exhibited identical structure with rice bran polysaccharides, i.e., a kind of glucan withα-1,4 andα-1,6 glucosidic bonds as the main frame. Conclusion Polysaccharides was obtained from the seeds of Z. mays for the first time, and it showed significant immunomodulating activity in mice.

OBJECTIVETo develop the system for the exclusive control substance of plant drug (CSPD) in traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHM), this paper investigated the (CSPD) of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae as well as its proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical methods for the purpose of original identification and quality control of the crude drug.

METHODThe CSPDs and their 1H-NMR and HPLC profiles of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae were obtained by standardized procedure. Chemical components were isolated from the CSPD by silica gel column chromatography. The assignments of the characteristic signals in 1H-NMR and HPLC profiles were achieved on the basis of elucidation of the isolates structures.

RESULTFor nine samples from the different sources in this paper, the 1H-NMR and HPLC profiles from eight sources had wonderful reproducibility and characteristics, and the other gave differences compared with the eight samples in the signal strength of the main components. Furthermore, seven compounds were isolated from CSPD and their chemical structures were authenticated by spectral analysis as tetrandrine, fangchinoline, tetrandrine-2'-N-beta-oxide, tetrandrine-2'-N-alpha-oxide, dicentrine, dicentrinone, and adenine, respectively. The 1H-NMR and HPLC profiles of the CSPD of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae showed mainly the characteristic signals of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids isolated in this work.

CONCLUSIONThe 1H-NMR and HPLC profiles of the CSPD of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae exhibit the structures and total composition of the main active constituents in it, and can be used for its original identification and quality evaluation.

Objective:To study the protective effects of collagen peptide-chromium (Ⅲ) complex (CPCC) on alloxan-induced hepatic injury in mice. Method:The mice were divided into three groups (normal, model, CPCC) and given (po.) water, water and CPCC (Cr3+40?g/kg?d) respectively once a day. After 4 weeks, the model and CPCC groups were injected with alloxan. Then the levels of liver index, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver were tested. Also liver pathological changes were observed. Results:CPCC could reduce the levels of liver index, serum levels of AST,ALT and ALP as well as contents of MDA and activities of SOD and GSH-Px in liver. Hepatocytes lesion was alleviated markedly. Conclusion:CPCC has protective effects on alloxan-induced hepatic injury in mice.

Objective To study the influences of chitosan on swimming time, changes of blood glucose and lactic acid in mice. Methods The test groups were given chitosan by oral administration,and eighteen days later, the swimming time,blood glucose and lactic acid were determined. Results The swimming time of test groups was obviously longer than that of the control group.After thirty-minutes swimming, the elimination of blood lactic acid and the recover of blood glucose were distinctly faster than those of the control group. Conclusion Chitosan had anti-fatigue effect on mice.