Leukemoid reaction refers to reactive and excessive leukocytosis with a white blood cell count of more than 50,000 cells/mm3 in the absence of myeloproliferative neoplasm and has usually been described in response to inflammation, severe infection, malignancies, hemorrhage, acute hemolysis, or bone marrow stimulants. In contrast, urothelial cell carcinoma is rarely associated with leukemoid reaction, with few cases reported over the past few years. Here, we report a case of an invasive Urothelial carcinoma of a 63 year old patient presenting with terminal dysuria and excessively elevated and persisting leukocytosis accompanied by rapid tumor progression and deteriorating clinical status. For urothelial cell carcinoma patients exhibiting a leukemoid reaction, removal of the inciting tumor is the definitive treatment. Though placing of urethral catheter and resection of the bladder tumor alleviated the worsening renal status and terminal dysuria on the index patient, the patient still had multiple persistent febrile episodes throughout the course, accompanied by leukocytosis with predominant mature looking neutrophils, and a left shift. Extremely persistent leukocytosis appears to be associated with poor prognosis even after surgical resection and extensive medical management.

Human ; Male ; Middle Aged: 45-64 Yrs Old ; Leukocytosis ; Neoplasms ; Cancer