OBJECTIVES: To explore the difference in CT values between pulmonary thromboembolism and postmortem clot in postmortem CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) to further improve the application value of virtual autopsy. METHODS: Postmortem CTPA data with the definite cause of death from 2016 to 2019 were collected and divided into pulmonary thromboembolism group (n=4), postmortem clot group (n=5), and control group (n=5). CT values of pulmonary trunk and left and right pulmonary artery contents in each group were measured and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The average CT value in the pulmonary thromboembolism group and postmortem clot group were (168.4±53.8) Hu and (282.7±78.0) Hu, respectively, which were lower than those of the control group (1 193.0±82.9) Hu (P<0.05). The average CT value of the postmortem clot group was higher than that of the pulmonary thromboembolism group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS CT value is reliable and feasible as a relatively objective quantitative index to distinguish pulmonary thromboembolism and postmortem clot in postmortem CTPA. At the same time, it can provide a scientific basis to a certain extent for ruling out pulmonary thromboembolism deaths.
Humans ; Autopsy ; Thrombosis ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Angiography ; Cadaver

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, which is involved in a variety of cells and cellular components. In 2019, the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma issued by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Committee put forward the concept of type 2 inflammatory asthma for the first time. The updated evolution of GINA guidelines has promoted the development of biological agents and disease treatment, providing effective prevention and treatment for patients with severe asthma and improving disease outcome. This paper expounds the disease mechanism and management suggestions of type 2 inflammatory asthma in GINA guidelines, and analyzes the relevant clinical studies on targeted treatment of type 2 inflammatory asthma in recent years, in order to provide reference for in-depth understanding of level 3 prevention and management of patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma.
Humans ; Asthma/prevention & control*

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, which is involved in a variety of cells and cellular components. In 2019, the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma issued by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Committee put forward the concept of type 2 inflammatory asthma for the first time. The updated evolution of GINA guidelines has promoted the development of biological agents and disease treatment, providing effective prevention and treatment for patients with severe asthma and improving disease outcome. This paper expounds the disease mechanism and management suggestions of type 2 inflammatory asthma in GINA guidelines, and analyzes the relevant clinical studies on targeted treatment of type 2 inflammatory asthma in recent years, in order to provide reference for in-depth understanding of level 3 prevention and management of patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma.
Humans ; Asthma/prevention & control*

【Objective】 To investigate the availability and convenience of emergency blood transfusion in mainland China, and develop strategies for improvement. 【Methods】 The electronic questionnaire was self-made by the research team, and pushed to physicians and technicians related to emergency blood use and supply nationwide through the WeChat group of professional organizations such as the Chinese Medical Doctor Association′s Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine Professional Committee. The data was automatically aggregated by the internet survey platform named questionnaire star, and analyzed by statistics software SPSS 21.0. 【Results】 1) General information: A total of 3 151 questionnaires were collected, of which 85% (2 678 / 3 151), from 31 provinces, municipalities or autonomous regions in mainland China were valid, and 39%(1 044/2 678), 22%(577/2 678), 39%(1 057/2 678) were from the east, middle and west region, respectively; 78%(2 099/2 678) were from tertiary hospitals, and 22%(579/2 678) secondary hospitals and below; 60%(1 607/2 678), 16%(425/2 678), and 24%(646/2 678) were from Emergency Department(EM), Intensive Care Department (ICU) and other departments respectively. The respondents with senior position titles took up 34%(906/2 678) while those with intermediate and junior position titles took up 30% (798/2 678) and 36%(974/2 678) respectively. 2) Availability : 63%(1 680/2 678) of the respondents experienced untimely and insufficient blood supply at least once during June 2017 to May 2020, of which 75% (1 256/1 680) occurred in the past year. In the past half year, 51% (381/1 057) of respondents in the western region and 34% (713/2 099) in tertiary hospitals experienced more emergency blood shortages (P<0.05). The most prone to clinical blood supply shortage were red blood cells and whole blood, platelets and other plasma components, accounting for 43% (1151/2678), 42% (1125/2678) and 15% (402/2678), respectively. 48% (1 274/2 678) respondents believed that the insufficient blood supply for emergency use " has caused a significant adverse effect on the quality of rescue", and 40% (1 081/2 678) believed that it was " a potential medical safety threat" .3)Convenience: The waiting time for emergency blood transfusionwithin 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h accounted for 28% (741/2 678), 71%(1 903/2 678) and 90% (2 547/2 678), respectively. The waiting time of emergency blood transfusion within 0.5 h accounted for 50% (286 / 577) in central region, which was significantly higher than that in eastern or western region (P < 0.05). 67% (889/2 678) of respondents experienced blood inventory depletion, of which 30%(792/2 678) had to wait for more than 8 hours for resuming blood supply. 80% (751/1 057) of the respondents in the western region experienced inventory depletion, significantly higher than that in the central region (P<0.05). 4)The influencing factors were mainly insufficient blood donation, growth of clinical demand in blood, blood waste due to expiration and clinical irrational use, accounted for 56% (1 485/2 678), 23% (619/2 678), 7% (183/2 678) and 6% (167/2 678) respectively. 60% (633/1 057) of the respondents in the western region considered insufficient blood donation as the influencing factors, statistically higher than that in the eastern and central regions (P<0.05).5)Suggestions for improvement included more voluntary blood donation, development of blood substitutes, standardization of clinical blood use and extension of blood storage shelf life, accounted for 49% (1 326/2 678), 24% (645/2 678), 19% (499/2 678), and 8% (208/2 678), respectively. 53% (561/1 057) of the respondents in the western region suggested strengthening voluntary blood donation (P<0.05), while 26% (268/1 044), 26% (152/577), 25% (553/2099) of respondents in the eastern, central region and tertiary hospitals respectively suggested strengthening the research and development of blood substitutes (P<0.05). 56% (504/906) of respondents with senior professional titles recommended strengthening voluntary blood donation, while 26% (453/1 772) and 0.9% (164/1 772) of those with intermediate and junior technical titles recommended research and development of blood substitutes and improvement of blood storage technology, respectively(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The whole blood reserve can not fully meet clinical emergency needs at present stage, especially in the western region and some tertiary hospitals,, showing the necessity to adopt comprehensive measures to further improve the availability and convenience of emergency blood transfusion, including strengthening voluntary blood donation, developing blood substitutes, prompting rational clinical blood use and improving blood storage technology.

Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.
Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Consensus ; Dental Care ; Humans ; Malocclusion/prevention & control* ; Orthodontics, Interceptive

Cellular Senescence ; Heart ; Humans ; Ventricular Remodeling

Enzymes play crucial functional roles in all biological processes. Enzymatic inhibitors can regulate enzyme activity and may become the starting point for drug discovery. Mass spectrometry (MS) has the advantage for rapid qualitative and quantitative analyses of compounds and enzyme reactions, emerging as an important analytical tool in enzyme inhibitor screening assay for drug discovery. This review will highlight recent advances in the inhibitor screening assay using MS and related techniques, including frontier affinity chromatography, immobilized enzyme beads, ultrafiltration, surface plasmon resonance, capillary electrophoresis and microfluidic chips. The existing MS methods for screening enzyme inhibitor were divided into two types: affinity screening and activity screening.

AIM:To investigate the role of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion.METHODS:The mRNA expression of CXCR4 in 4 pancreatic cancer cell lines was detected by RT-qPCR.The migration and invasion abilities of PANC-1 cells with the axis activated by exogenous SDF-1αor inhibited by CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 were detected by Transwell assays.The cell viability was measured by MTS assay.The protein expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related molecules in the cells treated with exogenous SDF-1αor AMD3100 was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:All of the 4 pancreatic cancer cell lines expressed CXCR4 mRNA, while the PANC-1 cell line expressed the most.Exogenous SDF-1αpromoted the migration and invasion abilities of PANC-1 cells, which was inhibited by AMD3100.The PANC-1 cells treated with exogenous SDF-1αfor 72 h grew faster, while SDF-1αcombined with AMD3100 made little significance to the viability of PANC-1 cells.Exogenous SDF-1αinduced EMT of PANC-1 cells by up-regulating the expression of SNAIL and TWIST, and AMD3100 reversed this effect.CONCLUSION:SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis enhances the migration and invasion abilities of pancreatic cancer cells through inducing EMT.

【Objective】To measure the orbital fat fraction（FF）of Graves ophthalmopathy（GO）patients and normal individuals with MR Water- fat separation（Dixon） technology ，and to explore the value of orbit MR quantitative fat analysis in diagnosis and treatment for GO patients.【Methods】Forty GO patients and 20 normal individuals who underwent orbital MR imaging were analyzed prospectively from February 2017 to February 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat- sen University. All participants received bilateral orbital MR examination with oblique coronary FSE T2- weighted imaging combined with two-point Dixon technique，and then the signal intensity values of ipsilateral extraocular muscles and lacrimal glands on water and fat phase images were measured to calculate FF. The differences of mean FF between the two groups were evaluated，and the correlation between FF of GO and TRAb，CAS score，and the course of GO were conducted by Spearman rank correlation analysis. 【Results】 The median FF of extraocular muscles in GO patients was higher than that of normal individuals，and the result showed a statistically significant difference（P < 0.05）， while the FF of lacrimal glands in the two groups showed no statistical difference. The FF of extraocular muscles in the GO group were correlated with TRAb，CAS score and the course of GO（P < 0.05），especially the course was more correlative.【Conclusions】The fat content of extraocular muscles in GO patients were higher than that of normal individuals ，and there was a positive correlation in the fat content among TRAb，CAS score and the course of GO，suggesting that MR fat quantitative analysis may provide a new reference indexes for the evaluation of clinical staging ，curative effect assessment in GO patients.

Objective: To study the influence of gallic acid (GA) on the migration of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells, and to explore its mechanism.Methods: The human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells were cultured and divided into control group and 3.125, 6.250, 12.500, 25.000, 50.000,100.000 mg·L-1 GA groups. The inhibitory rates of proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in various groups were examined by MTT assay;the migration abilities of SGC-7901 cells in various groups were measured with scratch assay;the expression levels of vascular of endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in various groups were detected by immunocytochemistry.Results: Compared with control group, the inhibitory rates of proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in different doses of GA groups were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner(F=59.451,P<0.01).Compared with control group, the wound healing rates in different doses of GA groups were significantly decreased (P<0.01).Compared with control group, the expression levels of VEGF protein in 12.500 and 25.000 mg· L-1 GA groups were decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion: GA could inhibit the proliferation and migration of SGC-7901 cells through down-regulating the expression levels of VEGF protein.