[摘 要] 目的：探究错配修复蛋白2（MSH2）在胃癌中表达和其与患者临床特征的关系及其对胃癌细胞恶性生物学行为的作用及机制。方法：收集2020年5月至2022年7月期间在邢台市人民医院收治的40例胃癌患者的癌组织和配对癌旁组织及患者的一般临床资料。常规培养正常人胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1和胃癌细胞AGS、MKN45和BGC-823，用转染试剂分别将sh-NC、shMSH2-1和shMSH2-2慢病毒载体转染至AGS和MKN45细胞中，实验分为sh-NC、shMSH2-1和shMSH2-2组。CCK-8法、克隆形成实验、EdU染色、Transwell小室实验分别检测各组AGS和MKN45细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。构建裸鼠MKN45细胞移植瘤模型，观察敲减MSH2对移植瘤生长的影响。WB法检测各组细胞中及移植瘤组织中 MSH2、PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路、上皮间质转化相关蛋白的表达。结果：MSH2在胃癌组织和细胞中呈高表达且与淋巴结转移、T分期进展及组织学分化不良均有关联（均P < 0.001）；在AGS和MKN45细胞中成功地敲减了MSH2的表达（P < 0.001）；敲减 MSH2均能显著抑制AGS和MKN45细胞的活力、EdU染色阳性率、克隆形成能力、迁移及侵袭能力和移植瘤的生长（均P < 0.001）；均能显著抑制AGS和MKN45细胞和MKN45移植瘤组织中MSH2蛋白、PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路相关蛋白、N-cadherin蛋白的表达（均P < 0.001），促进E-cadherin蛋白的表达（P < 0.001）。结论：MSH2在胃癌组织和细胞中呈高表达且与淋巴结转移、T分期进展及组织学分化不良有关联，敲减MSH2表达通过抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路调控AGS和MKN45细胞的恶性生物学行为，MSH2可能是胃癌治疗的潜在靶点。

[摘 要] 目的：探究双特异性磷酸酶26（DUSP26）在肺腺癌（LUAD）A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭中的作用及其分子机制。方法：检索肿瘤数据库GEPIA2网站DUSP26表达数据，分析DUSP26在LUAD患者和正常人肺组织中的表达差异。收集2022年10月至2023年10月期间萍乡市人民医院手术切除的12例LUAD组织和癌旁组织标本，通过免疫组织化学（IHC）和WB法检测DUSP26在LUAD组织和癌旁组织之间的表达差异；通过WB法检测DUSP26在4种LUAD细胞（A549、SK-LU-1、Calu-3、H1299）和2种正常支气管上皮细胞（BEAS-2B、HBEC）中的表达差异。利用慢病毒转染细胞的方法构建稳定过表达DUSP26（DUSP26-OE）及阴性对照（DUSP26-OENC）的A549细胞，通过克隆形成、划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验分别检测DUSP26过表达对细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响，WB法检测各组细胞中TGF-β1/SMAD2/3通路、EMT相关蛋白的表达水平，细胞免疫荧光法检测细胞中Ki-67、cyclin D1表达水平。加入TGF-β1重组蛋白进行回复实验。构建A549细胞裸鼠荷瘤模型，观察DUSP26过表达对移植瘤体内生长的影响，WB法检测移植瘤组织中TGF-β1/SMAD2/3通路、EMT相关蛋白表达水平，免疫荧光染色法检测移植瘤组织中Ki-67、cyclin D1表达水平。结果：DUSP26在LUAD组织和细胞中均呈低表达（P < 0.05或P < 0.01或P < 0.001或P < 0.000 1）。与DUSP26-OENC组相比，DUSP26-OE组A549细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力均显著降低（P < 0.01或P < 0.001），TGF-β1、p-SMAD2/3、vimentin、N-cadherin、snail、Ki-67、cyclin D1表达均降低（P < 0.01或P < 0.001或P < 0.000 1），E-cadherin表达升高（P < 0.000 1）。加入5 ng/mL TGF-β1重组蛋白后，可部分逆转在体外实验中由DUSP26过表达导致的结果。成功构建裸鼠A549细胞荷瘤模型，DUSP26-OE组裸鼠移植瘤生长速度缓慢，体积和质量均减小（均P < 0.001），移植瘤组织中TGF-β1、p-SMAD2/3、vimentin、N-cadherin、snail、Ki-67、cyclin D1表达均降低（P < 0.01或P < 0.001），E-cadherin表达升高（P < 0.000 1）。结论：DUSP26在LUAD组织和细胞中均呈低表达状态，上调DUSP26的表达水平能够通过抑制TGF-β1/SMAD2/3信号通路抑制A549细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。

[摘 要] 目的：探讨扁蒴藤素（PT）通过蛋白激酶B（AKT）/糖原合成酶激酶-3β（GSK-3β）信号通路对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7多柔比星（DOX）敏感性的影响。方法：体外培养MCF-7细胞并建立DOX耐药细胞MCF-7/DOX。MCF-7细胞设NC组、L-PT组（2 μmol/L PT）、M-PT组（4 μmol/L PT）、H-PT组（8 μmol/L PT）、H-PT + SC79组（8 μmol/L PT + 10 μmol/L的AKT/GSK-3β信号通路抑制剂SC79）、H-PT + LY294002组（8 μmol/L PT + 2.5 μmol/L的AKT/GSK-3β信号通路激活剂LY294002）。MCF-7/DOX细胞设MCF-7/DOX组（未处理）、DOX组（50 nmol/L DOX）、PT + DOX组（8 μmol/L PT和50 nmol/L DOX）、PT + DOX + SC79组（8 μmol/L PT + 50 nmol/L DOX + 10 μmol/L SC79）、PT + DOX + LY294002组（8 μmol/L PT + 50 nmol/L DOX + 2.5 μmol/L LY294002）。采用MTT法、平板克隆实验、划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验及WB法分别检测细胞增殖、集落形成数、迁移、侵袭和AKT/GSK-3β信号通路蛋白表达。建立MCF-7细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型，观察PT对移植瘤生长、移植瘤组织中AKT/GSK--3β 信号通路蛋白表达的影响。结果：与NC组相比，L-PT、M-PT、H-PT组MCF-7细胞增殖率、集落形成数、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数及p-AKT、p-GSK-3β蛋白表达均呈PT浓度依赖性降低（均P < 0.05）；与H-PT组对比，H-PT + SC79组MCF-7细胞上述指标变化趋势与上述相反，PT + DOX + LY294002组MCF-7细胞上述指标变化趋势与上述相同（均P < 0.05）。MCF-7/DOX组与DOX组细胞增殖率、集落形成数、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数及p-AKT、p-GSK-3β蛋白表达无明显差异（均P > 0.05）；分别与MCF-7/DOX组、DOX组对比，PT + DOX组MCF-7/DOX细胞上述指标均降低（均P < 0.05）；对比PT + DOX组，PT + DOX + SC79组上述指标均升高，PT + DOX + LY294002组上述指标均降低（均P < 0.05）。裸鼠移植瘤实验显示，与对照组和DOX相比，PT + DOX组移植瘤质量、体积、p-AKT、p-GSK-3β蛋白表达均降低（均P < 0.05）。结论：PT抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭，并增强其对DOX的化疗敏感性，其机制与抑制AKT/GSK-3β信号通路有关。

After two decades of development, transcatheter left atrial appendage closure has emerged as a safe and effective intervention for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. In 2024, significant advancements were made in the field of left atrial appendage closure in terms of evidence-based medicine, device research and development, and guideline consensus. The annual report on transcatheter left atrial appendage closure systematically reviews global academic progress in 2024, encompassing newly published clinical evidence, recently developed occlusion devices, and updated international guidelines/consensus statements. In the future, the development direction of transcatheter left atrial appendage closure mainly includes expanding surgical indications, optimizing imaging assistance technology, improving closure device design, and exploring individualized strategies for postoperative antithrombotic therapy.

Objective To analyze the relationship between neuroticism and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods Exposure and outcome data were downloaded from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) database in August 2023, including summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for neuroticism (n=374 323) and GERD (n=602 604). MR was conducted using the weighted median method, MR-Egger method, inverse variance weighted method, weighted mode method, and simple mode method. The causal relationship between the two was assessed using odds ratio (OR), and sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the accuracy of the results. Results Neuroticism was associated with an increased risk of GERD [OR=1.229, 95%CI (1.186, 1.274), P<0.001]. Similarly, GERD was associated with an increased risk of neuroticism [OR=1.786, 95%CI (1.623, 1.965), P<0.001]. Conclusion There is a bidirectional causal relationship between neuroticism and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of EZH2 expression for malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia (OLK) and to provide a reference for clinical practice. Methods: This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. A total of 114 patients diagnosed with OLK by pathological examination and treated at our hospital between November 2020 and July 2022 were initially enrolled. After excluding those with incomplete data or follow-up, 105 participants were included in the final analysis, comprising 14 in the high EZH2 expression group and 91 in the low EZH2 expression group. Histopathological examination of oral mucosa and immunohistochemical detection of EZH2 protein expression were performed. The follow-up period was 30 months; participants were followed until malignant transformation occurred or until the end of follow-up, at which point they were withdrawn from the study. The exposure factor was the level of EZH2 protein expression, and the outcome was the malignant transformation rate of OLK. Differences in EZH2 expression levels and transformation outcomes were analyzed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the high and low EZH2 expression groups in terms of age, sex, history of systemic disease, lifestyle habits, psychological status, diet, and sleep conditions (P > 0.05). Lesions in the high EZH2 expression group were mainly located on the ventral tongue, while in the low EZH2 expression group, they were more commonly found on the dorsal tongue and buccal mucosa. The malignant transformation rate was 28.6% (4/14) in the high expression group and 8.8% (8/91) in the low expression group; these differences were not statistically significant (P=0.053). In univariate Cox regression analysis, the risk of malignant transformation in the high EZH2 expression group was 3.647 times that of the low EZH2 expression group (HR = 3.647, 95% CI: 1.097-12.120, P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that over the 30-month follow-up period, the cancer-free survival rate in the high EZH2 expression group was 19.8% lower than in the low expression group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, only moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia were identified as independent risk factors for malignant transformation. The risk of malignant transformation in the moderate and severe dysplasia groups was 10.695 and 13.623 times higher, respectively, than in the mild dysplasia group (HR = 10.695, 95% CI: 2.270-50.396, P<0.05; HR=13.623, 95% CI: 1.918-96.774, P<0.05). EZH2 high expression was not an independent risk factor in the multivariate model (HR= 2.528, 95% CI: 0.752-8.500, P = 0.134). Conclusion High EZH2 protein expression is a risk factor for the malignant transformation of OLK but does not have independent predictive value.

Objective To clarify the risk factors of diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients who underwent cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Peking University People&#39;s Hospital from January 2023 to March 2024. Patients were divided into two groups according to the results of bedside diaphragm ultrasound: a DD group and a control group. The preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative indicators of the patients were compared and analyzed, and independent risk factors for DD were screened using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 281 patients were included, with 32 patients in the DD group, including 23 males and 9 females, with an average age of (64.0±13.5) years. There were 249 patients in the control group, including 189 males and 60 females, with an average age of (58.0±11.2) years. The body mass index of the DD group was lower than that of the control group [(18.4±1.5) kg/m2 vs. (21.9±1.8) kg/m2, P=0.004], and the prevalence of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and renal insufficiency was higher in the DD group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in intraoperative indicators (operation method, extracorporeal circulation time, aortic clamping time, and intraoperative nasopharyngeal temperature) between the two groups (P>0.05). In terms of postoperative aspects, the peak postoperative blood glucose in the DD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.001), and the proportion of patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.001). The postoperative reintubation rate, tracheotomy rate, mechanical ventilation time, and intensive care unit stay time in the DD group were higher or longer than those in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low body mass index [OR=0.72, 95%CI (0.41, 0.88), P=0.011], preoperative dialysis [OR=2.51, 95%CI (1.89, 4.14), P=0.027], low left ventricular ejection fraction [OR=0.88, 95%CI (0.71, 0.93), P=0.046], and postoperative hyperglycemia [OR=3.27, 95%CI (2.58, 5.32), P=0.009] were independent risk factors for DD. Conclusion The incidence of DD is relatively high after cardiac surgery, and low body mass index, preoperative renal insufficiency requiring dialysis, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and postoperative hyperglycemia are risk factors for DD.

Objective To explore the correlation between clinical distribution characteristics of streptococcal pharyngitis in children and seasonal variations in Ziyang area, so as to provide basis for disease prevention and control. Methods A multistage and stratified random sampling technique was used to investigate 583 children with streptococcal pharyngitis attending Ziyang first people's Hospital from January 2022 to January 2023. The clinical data were recorded. The pharyngeal specimens were cultured for streptococci test. The number of streptococcal pharyngitis cases per season was counted. The metereological conditions (average barometric pressure, temperature, rainfall, and wind speed) were recorded. Pearson method was used to discuss the correlation between metereological factors and streptococcal pharyngitis onset. Results A total of the 583 children, 329 were male and 254 were female. The main age of onset was 7-12 years old, with a total of 227 cases (38.94%), followed by 199 cases (34.13%) aged 3-6 years old, 126 cases (21.61%) aged 1-2 years old, and 31 cases (5.32%) under 1 year old. A total of 614 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, of which 479 strains of Streptococcus hemolyticus were dominant, accounting for 78.01%, followed by 175 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, accounting for 28.50%. Seasonally, 192 cases of streptococcal pharyngitis occurred in spring, 51 in summer, 72 in autumn and 268 in winter. In Ziyang, spring and winter were characterized by high mean wind speeds and barometric pressure, while summer and autumn were characterized by high mean temperatures and heavy rainfall. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the prevalence rate streptococcal pharyngitis was positively correlated with average wind speed and barometric pressure (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with mean temperature and rainfall (P<0.05). Conclusion In Ziyang, streptococcal pharyngitis occurs mostly in children over 5 years old, and the main pathogen is Streptococcus hemolyticus. The onset of the disease is mostly in spring and winter, which is closely related to the seasonal variations of the region.

Abstract As a rapid analytical method for both the types and activities of γ radionuclides, the γ-ray spectrometry method is widely used in the measurement of γ radionuclides in environmental and biological samples. The Gamma-ray Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Radionuclides in Environmental and Biological Samples (GB/T 16145—2022）was implemented  on  July  1,  2023,  replacing  the Determination of Radionuclides in Soil by Gamma Spectrometry (GB/T 11743—2013), Determination of Radionuclides in Water by Gamma Spectrometry (GB/T 16140—2018), Gamma Spectrometry Method of Analyzing Radionuclides in Biological Samples (GB/T 16145—2020), and Determination of Radionuclides in Air by Gamma Spectrometry (WS/T 184—2017). The background of the revised standard, the content and basis of the main revisions, and some issues that need to be discussed are briefly explained in this paper, in order to provide a useful reference for the detection of radioactivity in soil, water, biological, and air samples, as well as samples of similar matrices.

OBJECTIVE To explore the phenotypic changes and possible mechanisms of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 on the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, invasion and cycle of ovarian epithelial cells IOSE80. METHODS The clinical data of patients were collected from TCGA database and GEO database. After R package analysis, the differential expression of OIP5-AS1 was visualized in the volcanic map. The correlation between survival rate and OIP5-AS1 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier. The IOSE80 cell model of OIP5-AS1 over expression and silencing was constructed with lentivirus vector. The expression of OIP5-AS1 was verified by RT-qPCR. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. Invasion was detected by Transwell. Cell migration was detected by scratch test. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin, as well as the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK) and cyclin-G-related kinase(GAK). RESULTS RT-qPCR results showed that IOSE80 cell lines over expressing and silencing OIP5-AS1 were successfully constructed. CCK-8 results showed that overexpressing OIP5-AS1 promoted the proliferation of IOSE80 cells. Scratch test results showed that overexpressing OIP5-AS1 promoted the migration of IOSE80 cells. Transwell results showed that overexpressing OIP5-AS1 would increase the invasiveness of IOSE80 cells. Flow cytometry results showed that overexpression of OIP5-AS1 weakened the apoptosis of IOSE80 cells and promoted the progress of cell cycle. Western blotting results showed that overexpression of OIP5-AS1 downregulated the expression of E-cadherin and upregulated the expression of N-cadherin, while overexpression of OIP5-AS1 increased the expression of CDK and GAK proteins. CONCLUSION LncRNA OIP5-AS1 further interferes with the regulation of IOSE80 cell cycle by up regulating the expression of CDK and GAK, and then indirectly regulates the malignant phenotype of ovarian epithelial cells.