Enhancing transparency is an important means of reforming public health services in modern society， and its significance in the field of healthcare is self-evident （especially in terms of resource allocation）. In the construction and practice of an ethical review system， improving transparency is an important measure to solve problems such as low efficiency， formalism， inconsistent review decisions， and the lack of a complaint mechanism， and is also the key to ensuring the ethical compliance of research and promote the development of scientific research. Therefore， the international academic community and various countries have begun to emphasize the principle of transparency in ethical review， but its specific implementation still faces challenges. By analyzing the concept and content of transparency and arguing its ethical value and specific dimensions in ethical review work， this paper demonstrated that improving the transparency of ethical review can not only prevent violations and strengthen the accountability mechanism， but also balance information asymmetry， enhance public trust， and improve review efficiency. Finally， potential measures to enhance transparency in ethical review were explored， including formulating detailed transparency strategies， establishing an online information disclosure system， constructing a “precedent” system， setting up a supervisory appeal procedure， and other measures. These measures aim to optimize the ethical review system， providing solid ethical support for scientific research while enhancing public trust and understanding of ethical review work， with a view to further improving the practice of ethical review and promoting the interests of multiple stakeholders.