BACKGROUND: Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are distinctive homogenous subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which has its development from neural ectomesenchyme along with contributions from the perifollicular mesenchyme and the dental follicle proper. GMSCs stand apart from other dental MSCs owing to their ease of accessibility and availability with incredible long culture sustainability without any tumorigenic capability, and stable telomerase activity. Their capacity to differentiate into various cell lineages and inherent therapeutic effect in chronic inflammatory diseases like colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and diabetes makes them immensely valuable. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties aid its usage in auto immune diseases and graft versus host disease. However, the differentiation, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of GMSCs in periodontal tissue regeneration are less explored. METHODS: In this review article, we have comprehensively compiled and described several reports on GMSCs till date, including their basic properties and isolation protocols, subpopulations, spheroid GMSCs, gingiva-derived IPSCsinduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), their characterization, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties along with precise applications in periodontal regeneration and peri-implantitis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Though the studies on GMSCs in periodontal regeneration lack superior quality random clinical trials, this review article still strengthens the view that GMSCs can be a newer source in periodontal tissue reconstruction/regeneration.

BACKGROUND: Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are distinctive homogenous subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which has its development from neural ectomesenchyme along with contributions from the perifollicular mesenchyme and the dental follicle proper. GMSCs stand apart from other dental MSCs owing to their ease of accessibility and availability with incredible long culture sustainability without any tumorigenic capability, and stable telomerase activity. Their capacity to differentiate into various cell lineages and inherent therapeutic effect in chronic inflammatory diseases like colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and diabetes makes them immensely valuable. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties aid its usage in auto immune diseases and graft versus host disease. However, the differentiation, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of GMSCs in periodontal tissue regeneration are less explored. METHODS: In this review article, we have comprehensively compiled and described several reports on GMSCs till date, including their basic properties and isolation protocols, subpopulations, spheroid GMSCs, gingiva-derived IPSCsinduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), their characterization, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties along with precise applications in periodontal regeneration and peri-implantitis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Though the studies on GMSCs in periodontal regeneration lack superior quality random clinical trials, this review article still strengthens the view that GMSCs can be a newer source in periodontal tissue reconstruction/regeneration.

BACKGROUND: Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are distinctive homogenous subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which has its development from neural ectomesenchyme along with contributions from the perifollicular mesenchyme and the dental follicle proper. GMSCs stand apart from other dental MSCs owing to their ease of accessibility and availability with incredible long culture sustainability without any tumorigenic capability, and stable telomerase activity. Their capacity to differentiate into various cell lineages and inherent therapeutic effect in chronic inflammatory diseases like colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and diabetes makes them immensely valuable. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties aid its usage in auto immune diseases and graft versus host disease. However, the differentiation, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of GMSCs in periodontal tissue regeneration are less explored. METHODS: In this review article, we have comprehensively compiled and described several reports on GMSCs till date, including their basic properties and isolation protocols, subpopulations, spheroid GMSCs, gingiva-derived IPSCsinduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), their characterization, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties along with precise applications in periodontal regeneration and peri-implantitis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Though the studies on GMSCs in periodontal regeneration lack superior quality random clinical trials, this review article still strengthens the view that GMSCs can be a newer source in periodontal tissue reconstruction/regeneration.

BACKGROUND: Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are distinctive homogenous subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which has its development from neural ectomesenchyme along with contributions from the perifollicular mesenchyme and the dental follicle proper. GMSCs stand apart from other dental MSCs owing to their ease of accessibility and availability with incredible long culture sustainability without any tumorigenic capability, and stable telomerase activity. Their capacity to differentiate into various cell lineages and inherent therapeutic effect in chronic inflammatory diseases like colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and diabetes makes them immensely valuable. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties aid its usage in auto immune diseases and graft versus host disease. However, the differentiation, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of GMSCs in periodontal tissue regeneration are less explored. METHODS: In this review article, we have comprehensively compiled and described several reports on GMSCs till date, including their basic properties and isolation protocols, subpopulations, spheroid GMSCs, gingiva-derived IPSCsinduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), their characterization, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties along with precise applications in periodontal regeneration and peri-implantitis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Though the studies on GMSCs in periodontal regeneration lack superior quality random clinical trials, this review article still strengthens the view that GMSCs can be a newer source in periodontal tissue reconstruction/regeneration.

BACKGROUND: Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are distinctive homogenous subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which has its development from neural ectomesenchyme along with contributions from the perifollicular mesenchyme and the dental follicle proper. GMSCs stand apart from other dental MSCs owing to their ease of accessibility and availability with incredible long culture sustainability without any tumorigenic capability, and stable telomerase activity. Their capacity to differentiate into various cell lineages and inherent therapeutic effect in chronic inflammatory diseases like colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and diabetes makes them immensely valuable. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties aid its usage in auto immune diseases and graft versus host disease. However, the differentiation, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of GMSCs in periodontal tissue regeneration are less explored. METHODS: In this review article, we have comprehensively compiled and described several reports on GMSCs till date, including their basic properties and isolation protocols, subpopulations, spheroid GMSCs, gingiva-derived IPSCsinduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), their characterization, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties along with precise applications in periodontal regeneration and peri-implantitis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Though the studies on GMSCs in periodontal regeneration lack superior quality random clinical trials, this review article still strengthens the view that GMSCs can be a newer source in periodontal tissue reconstruction/regeneration.

Mass of the vulva include both benign and malignant lesions. Benign mass lesions of the vulva include tumors, hamartomas, cysts, infectious disorders, and non-neoplastic epithelial disorders. Some are rare mass lesions. Here, we presented three rare mass lesions of the vulva. The first case presented with the complaint of vulvar lesion since childhood, while the two cases presented in reproductive age and perimenopausal age. All three cases presented as mass lesions in the vulva with pain or uneasiness during work. In all these cases, excision was done. On histopathological examination, the lesions have different diagnoses which are common in other parts of the body, but rarely present at the vulva. A definitive diagnosis of a vulvar mass lesion is difficult to make, especially in the case of rare mass lesion. Histopathology is the principal tool of diagnosis.
Lymphangioma ; Fibroadenoma

Background: Hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance is hypothesized to act as a promotor of cancer growth. In addition to the direct effects of hyperinsulinemia on cancer cells, the stimulation of tumor cell growth can also be indirectly mediated through growth factors and receptors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Increased cancer risk is also associated with increased adipose tissue, such as in abdominal obesity, due to the higher risk of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Waist circumference is a parameter that indicates an individual's level of adiposity. In addition, the risk of cancer also increases in the elderly as they age. This study aims to assess the correlation between waist circumference and IGF-1 levels in the elderly population in Bali, Indonesia. Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional analytical design conducted in the Melinggih Village, Gianyar Regency. The study was conducted in September 2023. This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Commission number 2020/UN14.2.2.VII.14/LT/2023. The study population included elderly individuals residing in the Melinggih Village who were willing to participate. Data analysis encompassed descriptive analysis and the Spearman correlation test. Result: A total of 88 subjects participated in the study, consisting of 57 females (64.8%) and 31 males (35.2%). A statistically significant but weak correlation coexists between waist circumference and IGF-1 levels. Conclusion A weak but statistically significant positive correlation was found between waist circumference and IGF-1 levels in the elderly. However, because of the small sample size, another study with a bigger sample size with enough power to investigate this association needs to be done to validate the results of the current study.
Elderly ; Aged ; IGF-1 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Waist Circumference

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effects of the novel wild edible mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan (A. hygrometricus) on human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Methods: Extensive screening of the antiproliferative and chemopreventive potential of different extracts from 5 wild mushrooms, A. hygrometricus, Phallus sp., Lentinus sp., Tricholoma sp., and Serpula sp. was performed against a panel of 6 cancer cell lines and normal cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis determination, cell cycle profiling, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow cytometry. The activity of caspases was measured colorimetrically, and the expression pattern of mitochondrial proteins was analyzed. Results: The methanol extract of A. hygrometricus and MOLT-4 cells were identified as the most potent extract exhibiting antiproliferative activity and most sensitive cell line, respectively. The mushroom extract induced robust selective apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells and arrested cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 stage. The extract disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced ROS production in MOLT-4 cells. The methanol extract induced apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2, increasing the expression of Bax, and activating the caspase cascade. Conclusion The novel wild edible mushroom is a potential repository of biomolecules for the development of antileukemic drugs.

Purpose: To detect the mental health conditions of students and identify factors influencing their reluctance to seek psychological help in order to prevent progression of more serious mental health issues. Methods: This study had a quantitative descriptive survey design. Participants were adolescent active undergraduate students aged 18-24 years. Data were collected through an online questionnaire comprising Indonesian versions of the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38) and Health Seeking Behavior assessments. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS 25 to evaluate respondent characteristics and mental health conditions. Results: We found that psychological wellbeing declined with age, with older people being more susceptible to depression and emotional loss than younger people. Men had higher levels of anxiety, depression, and emotional loss than women. Migrant individuals had lower wellbeing than non-migrants. Close friends were the most common source for seeking mental health support, reflecting a preference for informal help rather than professional help. Conclusion Transition from adolescence to adulthood is associated with heightened mental health vulnerabilities, especially among first-year male students. Thus, innovative mental health education and peer counseling are needed to better support their psychological well-being.

Purpose: To detect the mental health conditions of students and identify factors influencing their reluctance to seek psychological help in order to prevent progression of more serious mental health issues. Methods: This study had a quantitative descriptive survey design. Participants were adolescent active undergraduate students aged 18-24 years. Data were collected through an online questionnaire comprising Indonesian versions of the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38) and Health Seeking Behavior assessments. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS 25 to evaluate respondent characteristics and mental health conditions. Results: We found that psychological wellbeing declined with age, with older people being more susceptible to depression and emotional loss than younger people. Men had higher levels of anxiety, depression, and emotional loss than women. Migrant individuals had lower wellbeing than non-migrants. Close friends were the most common source for seeking mental health support, reflecting a preference for informal help rather than professional help. Conclusion Transition from adolescence to adulthood is associated with heightened mental health vulnerabilities, especially among first-year male students. Thus, innovative mental health education and peer counseling are needed to better support their psychological well-being.