Alphapapillomavirus ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control* ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that progress owing to varied enviromental and genetic risk factors. Viral infections are threatening and adept at altering the expression of cellular transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and deregulation of other cellular proteins like NF kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα). The present study was conducted to detect high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) and protein expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in HNC patients with HPV infection. METHODS: For HPV detection, genomic DNA from 152 HNC tumors was extracted formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue DNA kit. For genotyping, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a general primer, HPV type-specific primers and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed on 4-μm thick tissue sections using HPV E6 monoclonal antibody. Protein expression analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway including p50, p65, and IκBα was performed using IHC. RESULTS: PCR analysis showed that 24.3% (37/152) of HNC cases were HPV positive. Among HPV positive, 86.5% (32/37) were tobacco users, while among HPV negative, 66.9% (77/115) were tobacco users. A significant association of HPV positivity and tobacco user was observed by univariate analysis [ P   <  0.01; odds ratio (OR): 0.310, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.110 to 0.870]. More HPV positive patients were with poor oral hygiene (78.3%) when compared with patients with good oral hygiene (21.6%) [ P  < 0.03, OR: 2.440, 95% CI: 1.650 to 3.600]. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that age, tobacco use and oral hygiene are significant predictors ( P  < 0.02). PCR and IHC staining results confirmed that HPV16 was predominant among HNC cases (64.8%) when compared with HPV18 (35.2%). Expression of NF-κB proteins (p50, p65, and IκBα inhibitor) were also observed in HPV and non-HPV infected HNC tissues. IHC expression of p50, and p65 showed nuclear staining, while IκBα inhibitor showed cytoplasmic staining. Protein expression in HPV cases was higher as compared to HPV naive cases ( P  < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS From the study, it can be established that the use of tobacco, oral hygiene, and HPV infection may be synergistically involved in modulating the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway for the development and progression of HNC in the Pakistani population.
Alphapapillomavirus ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; DNA ; DNA, Viral/genetics* ; Formaldehyde ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha/genetics* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Oral Hygiene ; Pakistan ; Papillomaviridae/metabolism* ; Papillomavirus Infections/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Use ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

Self-sampling is a method by which the subject collects the own specimens for disease detection. It has the advantages of strong privacy, convenient and simple operation, free time and place, etc. It can improve the compliance of people in remote areas, affected by traditional concepts, limited by working hours and underdeveloped transportation and medical treatment to participate in disease detection and screening. With the development of "Internet+health care" and "Internet+nursing service", home-based self-sampling testing will become a developing situation for disease detection and screening. Human immunodeficiency virus and Human papillomavirus infection bring a heavy burden to individuals and society. In the absence of effective and widespread primary prevention, secondary prevention, namely "early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment" is an effective measure to control the adverse consequences. At present, there are many researches on HPV and HIV self-sampling test, whose test results are highly reliable and highly accepted in the population, and is of great significance for improving the coverage rate of cervical cancer screening and the diagnosis rate of HIV carriers.
Female ; Humans ; Papillomaviridae ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Alphapapillomavirus ; Self Care/methods* ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control* ; Specimen Handling/methods* ; Mass Screening/methods* ; HIV Infections/diagnosis* ; HIV ; Vaginal Smears/methods*

Objective: To investigate the correlation between methylation in human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) long control region (LCR) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade ≥2 (CIN2+). Methods: The literature retrieval was conducted by using the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang data and Weipu according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases to February 27^th, 2022. Software RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.1 were used for Meta-analysis. Results: A total of 17 literatures were included involving 1 421 subjects. Results of Meta-analysis showed that OR of the correlation between methylation of HPV16 LCR and CIN2+ was 1.56 (95%CI: 0.70-3.47). Subgroup analysis showed that methylation of the 5' terminal, enhancer and promoter regions were not associated with CIN2+, while in four E2 binding sites (E2BS), the methylation of E2BS1, E2BS3 and E2BS4 increased the risk of CIN2+, with the ORs of 3.92 (95%CI: 1.92-7.99), 10.50 (95%CI: 3.67-30.04) and 3.65 (95%CI: 1.58-8.41), respectively. However, subgroup analysis on E2BS2 was not performed due to the limitation of the number of literatures. According to the different sources of population, the risk of CIN2+ in Chinese population was associated with methylation of HPV16 LCR (OR=2.14, 95%CI: 1.31-3.50). There was a correlation between the risk of CIN2+ and HPV16 LCR methylation in the population with pyrosequencing of HPV16 LCR, and OR was 1.75 (95%CI: 1.03-2.98). Conclusion: The risk of CIN2+ is correlated with the methylation of E2BS in HPV16 LCR, which can be used as potential biomarkers.
Female ; Humans ; Methylation ; Human papillomavirus 16/genetics* ; Asian People ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the survival rates and quality of life of human papillomaviruse (HPV)-negative patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer after different combined treatments with chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with oropharyngeal cancer hospitalized in our hospital from January, 2015 to December, 2020, and after case analysis of the clinical, imaging and pathological data, 405 patients were included in this study and grouped according to the treatments they received. Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank analysis were used to calculate the overall survival rate and the survival rate of patients with different treatments. The self-rated quality of life of the tumor-free survivors was assessed using UW-QOL (4) questionnaire and compared among the patients with different treatments. RESULTS: Among the 405 patients included in this study, 146 received treatments with chemotherapy+surgery+radiotherapy (CSRT), 138 received surgery+radiotherapy (SRT) and 121 were treated with radiotherapy+chemotherapy (RCT). The overall survival rates of the 3 groups at 1, 3 and 5 years were 85.1%, 67.1% and 56.9%, respectively, and the survival rates of patients receiving CSRT, SRT and RCT did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). A total of 280 UW-QOL (4) questionnaires were distributed and 202 (72.14%) were retrieved. The average total scores decreased in the order of CSRT > SRT > RCT; the scores were significantly higher in CSRT group than in SRT and RCT (P < 0.05), but did not differ significantly between SRT and RCT groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION CSRT, SRT and RCT are all treatment options for locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer, but CSRT may achieve better quality of life of the patients than SRT and RCT.
Alphapapillomavirus ; Humans ; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy* ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective: To evaluate the performance of point-of-care testing for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions screening. Methods: In September 2020, 197 and 273 women were selected by using simple random sampling method from "self-sampling" cohort and "physician-sampling" cohort established in Xiangyuan county, Shanxi Province, China, respectively. Cervical exfoliated cells were collected by women themselves or gynecologists. All samples were detected by POCT and women with positive result were directly referred for colposcopy. Subsequently, all the samples were detected by careHPV and PCR test. Colposcopy and punch biopsy were performed for women with POCT negative but careHPV or PCR test positive at another visit. Using histopathological diagnosis as the gold standard, we calculated sensitivity, specificity and drew the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The accuracy of POCT was analyzed and compared to that of careHPV and conventional PCR test in cervical cancer and precancerous lesions screening. Results: The median (Q₁ , Q₃) age of 470 women was 51 (45, 57) years old. Based on self-sampling, the sensitivity and specificity of POCT for CIN2+ were 100.00% (95%CI: 56.56%-100.00%) and 28.95% (95%CI: 22.97%-35.76%), respectively. Compared with POCT, POCT HPV16/18 test had similar sensitivity and higher specificity of 89.47% (95%CI: 84.30%-93.08%). Self-sampling POCT HPV16/18 test had an AUC of 0.947 (95%CI:0.910-0.985), which was higher than that of careHPV and PCR test. Physician-sampling POCT test had 100.00% sensitivity (95%CI: 64.57%-100.00%) and 55.85% specificity (95%CI: 49.83%-61.70%) for detecting CIN2+. POCT HPV16/18 test had lower sensitivity (71.43%, 95%CI: 35.90%-91.76%) and higher specificity (92.45%, 95%CI: 88.63%-95.06%). POCT HPV16/18 test generally showed similar AUC on both self-collected samples and clinician-collected samples (0.947 vs 0.819, P=0.217). Conclusion: POCT HPV16/18 test is an effective method with relatively high sensitivity and specificity for cervical cancer screening.
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/diagnosis* ; Colposcopy ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods* ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16/genetics* ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; Mass Screening/methods* ; Papillomaviridae ; Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis* ; Point-of-Care Testing ; Pregnancy ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between red blood cell folate (RBC folate) and the prognosis of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1). Methods: In the married women cohort established in 2014, 564 women with CIN 1 diagnosed by pathology were recruited. The demographic characteristics and factors of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were collected. Meanwhile, the infection status of human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected by molecular diversion hybridization, and the level of RBC folate was measured by chemical photoimmunoassay. After 24 months of follow-up, pathological examination was performed again to observe the prognosis of participants. The women with reversal were taken as the control group,and those with continuous and progressive CIN 1 were taken as the case group respectively. The relationship between RBC folate and CIN 1 outcome was evaluated by logistic regression model. Results: 453 women completed the follow-up, aged (49.72±6.84) years old. CIN 1 was reversed in 342 women, continued in 58 cases and progressed in 53 cases. The RBC folate level M (Q_1,Q₃) were 399.01 (307.10, 538.97) ng/ml, 316.98 (184.74, 428.49) ng/ml and 247.14 (170.54, 348.97) ng/ml, respectively. With the decrease of RBC folate, the risk of continuous and progressive CIN 1 increased (all P<0.001), while the risk of reversal CIN 1 decreased gradually (P<0.001). Combined with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection status, low level of RBC folate could increase the risk of CIN 1 progression regardless of HR-HPV infection (HR-HPV infection: OR=21.34, 95%CI: 3.98-114.54; HR-HPV uninfection: OR=11.15, 95%CI: 2.34-53.13). Conclusion: Low level of RBC folate could increase the risk of CIN 1 persistence and progression regardless of HR-HPV infection.
Adult ; Alphapapillomavirus ; Case-Control Studies ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Objectives: To analyze the type and distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection along with cervical cytology in middle-aged and elderly women in Guangxi and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in elderly women. Methods: 21 subtypes of HPV and cervical cytology of women over 45-year-old visiting the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected. They were divided into two groups by age, 45-64 years group and over 65 years group. The HPV, HR-HPV, and multiple HPV infection prevalence were analyzed, as well as HPV genotypes, the age distribution of HPV infection rate, and cervical cytology. Results: A total of 6 657 eligible women were included. 6 238 women were in the 45-64 years group, with a HPV prevalence about 20.86% (1 301), while 419 women were in the over 65 years group, with a HPV prevalence about 32.94% (138). The age-associated HPV and HR-HPV prevalence increased with the age, peaking at the age group of 70-74 years (P<0.001). The most prevalent genotype was HPV52, and the infection rate was 5.3% (353), followed by HPV16 and HPV 58, about 4.63% (308) and 3.08% (205) respectively. The majority cytology of HPV-positive middle-aged and elderly women was normal. 8.70% (88) of them were ASC-US, 6.52% (66) for HSIL, 4.55% (46) for LSIL, and 2.96% (30) for ASC-H, and 0.10% (1) for SCC. Compared to middle-aged women, elderly women had a lower negative cytology rate, 69.79% (67) vs. 77.95% (714), but a higher HSIL rate, 13.54% (13) vs. 5.79% (53) (P<0.05). Conclusions: HPV and HR-HPV prevalence of elderly women in a medical center of Guangxi are higher than those of middle-aged women. The most prevalent genotype is HPV16 in elderly women, followed by HPV52 and HPV58.
Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Hospitals ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae/genetics* ; Papillomavirus Infections/genetics* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Objective: To examine the prevalence and frequencies of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Methods: The cases of cervical AIS with concurrent tests of cytology and HPV typing from January 2007 to February 2020 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 478 cases of cervical AIS were obtained. The average age of the patients was 39.4 years (range, 19-81 years). The largest age group was 30-39 years (44.8%), followed by 40-49 years (34.7%). Among the 478 patients, 355 underwent high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing and had a hrHPV-positive rate of 93.8%. Of the 355 patients, 277 also underwent HPV typing and were mostly positive for either or both HPV16 and HPV18 (93.1%), with 55.6% positive for HPV18 and 48.7% positive for HPV16. Among the 478 cases, 266 cases (55.6%) were diagnosed with both AIS and squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), while 212 cases (44.4%) were diagnosed with only AIS. Patients infected with HPV16 in the AIS and SIL group significantly outnumbered those in the AIS alone group (P<0.05). Moreover, the rate of positive cytology was 55.9% (167/299 cases), while that of negative cytology was 44.1% (132/299). Among the 109 patients with negative cytology results and co-tested hrHPV, there were 101 HPV-positive cases (92.7%), of which 88 cases were subject to HPV typing and showed an HPV16/18 positive rate of 94.3% (83/88 cases). Conclusions: The combination of HPV typing and cytological screening can maximize the detection rate of cervical AIS, and should continue to be utilized, ideally on a larger scale, in the future.
Adenocarcinoma in Situ/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16/genetics* ; Human papillomavirus 18/genetics* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae/genetics* ; Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis* ; Prevalence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology* ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer remains a major public health issue for the Uyghur women and other women living mainly in rural areas of Xinjiang. This study aims to investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer in rural areas of Xinjiang, China. METHODS: Cervical cancer screening was performed on rural women aged 35 to 64 years from Xinjiang, China in 2017 through gynecological examination, vaginal discharge smear microscopy, cytology, and HPV testing. If necessary, colposcopy and biopsy were performed on women with suspicious or abnormal screening results. RESULTS: Of the 216,754 women screened, 15,518 received HPV testing. The HPV-positive rate was 6.75% (1047/15,518). Compared with the age 35-44 years group, the odds ratios (ORs) of HPV positivity in the age 45-54 years and 55-64 years groups were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.37) and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.53-2.21), respectively. Compared with women with primary or lower education level, the ORs for HPV infection rates of women with high school and college education or above were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.09-1.72) and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.23-2.12), respectively. Uyghur women were less likely to have HPV infection than Han women, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.78 (0.61-0.99). The most prevalent HPV types among Xinjiang women were HPV 16 (24.00%), HPV 33 (12.70%), and HPV 52 (11.80%). The detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ was 0.14% and the early diagnosis rate of cervical cancer was 85.91%. The detection rates of vaginitis and cervicitis were 19.28% and 21.32%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The HPV infection rate in Xinjiang is low, but the detection rate of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions is higher than the national average level. Cervical cancer is a prominent public health problem in Xinjiang, especially in southern Xinjiang.
Adult ; Alphapapillomavirus ; China/epidemiology* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae/genetics* ; Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology* ; Rural Population ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology*