Objective: To explore the risk intensity and related influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among high-stress rescue workers, and to provide effective tools for the risk assessment of PTSD in military rescue workers. Method: From June to August 2022, cluster sampling was used to select the high-stress rescue personnel of an Army department as the survey subjects. The acute Stress reaction (ASD) scale and PTSD checklist were used to evaluate the risk of PTSD in military rescue personnel. Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of PTSD. Results: The age of 4 460 subjects was (24.38±4.072) years old, including 4 396 males (98.6%). The positive rate of initial screening for ASD was 2.85% (127/4 460). The positive rate of PTSD was 0.67% (30/4 460). Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that female, older age, recent trauma exposure history, passive smoking and alcohol consumption were at higher risk of ASD, the values of OR (95%CI) were 4.183 (1.819-9.618), 6.278 (1.363-28.912), 3.094 (1.500-6.379), 2.059 (1.298-3.267) and 2.607 (1.614-4.211), respectively; Lower education level was associated with lower risk of ASD, OR (95%CI) was 0.593 (0.359-0.978); People who are older, thinner, have a history of mental illness, and drink alcohol were at higher risk for PTSD, the values of OR (95%CI) were 20.144 (2.459-165.043), 10.287 (2.218-47.700), 91.104 (8.592-965.980) and 2.866 (1.144-7.180), respectively. Conclusion: Gender, age, education level, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, past history of mental illness and body mass index may be related to the potential risk of PTSD in rescue workers,passive smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight controlling should be focused on to reduce potential risks of PTSD.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/prevention & control* ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Risk Assessment ; Military Personnel ; Alcohol Drinking

Rapid aging, economic development, lifestyle westernization, hygiene improvement, and scientific development have contributed for the epidemiologic changes of gastric cancer. This study aimed to review the descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of gastric cancer in Korea. Age-standardized incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have decreased and showed age effect and cohort effect. Annual percent change in the incidence of gastric cancer has been prominent in recent years. Major risk factor of gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori infection. Although H. pylori infection was associated with only non-cardia gastric cancer in meta-analysis, H. pylori infection was associated with both non-cardia and cardia gastric cancer in Asian studies. The estimated population attributable fraction of H. pylori regarding gastric cancer incidence was about 76% in Korean. Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking was associated with gastric cancer regardless of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer. Cigarette smoking was estimated to be responsible for 28% of gastric cancer incidence in men and 2% in women. Obesity was risk factor for cardia gastric cancer but not non-cardia gastric cancer. This discrepancy between cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer was consistently shown in epidemiologic studies in Korea. Salt intake was also well-known risk factor of gastric cancer and prevalence of high sodium intake more than 2,000mg in Korean was 81.5%. For primary prevention of gastric cancer, eradication of H. pylori and life-style modification including no smoking, no alcohol drinking, weight control, and low sodium intake are important. Gastric endoscopy is recommended for secondary prevention of gastric cancer.
Aging ; Alcohol Drinking ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cardia ; Cohort Effect ; Economic Development ; Endoscopy ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Incidence ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Mortality ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sodium ; Stomach Neoplasms

Although type 2 diabetes is a disease often associated with aging, the global prevalence of early-onset diabetes has been increasing due to man's sedentary lifestyle, low-physical activity, obesity, and some nonmodifiable risk factors. Many studies have found that individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes were at higher risk of developing vascular complications than those with late-onset diabetes. Individuals with early-onset diabetes are usually unwilling to visit hospital and have more confidence in their health, which results in poor glycemic control and the delayed detection of diabetes-related complications. Few studies have focused on the treatment and prevention of complications in specific population of individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Therefore, focusing on this particular population is critical for the government and academic societies. Screening for T2DM is imminent for young adults with a family history of diabetes, obesity, markers of insulin resistance, or alcohol consumption. More data are definitely required to establish a reasonable risk model to screen for early-onset diabetes.
Age of Onset ; Alcohol Drinking ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Complications ; prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Obesity ; complications ; epidemiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in health behaviors among adolescents in order to provide fundamental data to develop an effective body weight control program. METHODS: Secondary analysis was done using data from the 9th (2013) Online Survey on Ado-lescents' Health Behaviors by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The adolescents were divided into low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups according to body mass index (BMI). Differences in health behaviors were analyzed. RESULTS: Gender, grade, socioeconomic status, perceived-health status, exercise, breakfast, fast food, ramen noodles, snacks, carbonated soft drinks, fruits and vegetables, satisfaction with sleep, stress, smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly different among the groups. Ingestion of carbonated soft drinks and snacks was significantly higher in the low weight group compared to the normal weight group. Eating fast foods, ramen noodles, and snacks was significantly lower in the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal weight group. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that health behaviors among the groups differ from traditional knowledge about obesity. To develop optimal programs and improve efficacy, prior knowledge should be used to think differently and individualized programs should be based on an understanding health behaviors of adolescents.
Adolescent Health* ; Adolescent* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index* ; Body Weight ; Breakfast ; Carbon ; Carbonated Beverages ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Eating ; Fast Foods ; Fruit ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Snacks ; Social Class ; Thinness ; Vegetables

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of problem drinking among adolescents in South Korea. METHODS: The data of Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based Survey (2015) collected by Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was analyzed using logistic regression for this study. RESULTS: The problem drinking (defined as two or more points in the CRAFFT) among current drinkers was 36.1%. Risk factors of the problem drinking were sexual activity after drinking (odds 6.33 for men, 4.72 for women), experience of smoking (odds 4.70 for men, 5.12 for women), experience of artificial abortion (odds 4.57 for women), experience of pregnancy (odds 4.45 for women), sexual transmitted infection (odds 1.90 for men, 2.53 for women), depression (odds 2.11 for men, 2.15 for women) and suicidal idea (odds 2.53 for men, 1.88 for women). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop proper problem drinking prevention programs focusing on men and women. Adjusted health education programs will contribute to maintain their health and protect effectively from these risk taking behaviors.
Adolescent* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Depression ; Drinking* ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Problem Behavior ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Behavior ; Smoke ; Smoking

A noncommunicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is by definition non-infectious and non-transmissible among people. Currently, NCDs are the leading causes of death and disease burden worldwide. The four main types of NCDs, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes, result in more than 30 million deaths annually. To reduce the burden of NCDs on global health, current public health actions stress the importance of preventing, detecting, and correcting modifiable risk factors; controlling major modifiable risk factors has been shown to effectively reduce NCD mortality. The World Health Organization's World Health Report 2002 identified tobacco use, alcohol consumption, overweight, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol as the most important risk factors for NCDs. Accordingly, the present report set out to review the prevalence and trends of these modifiable risk factors in the Korean population. Over the past few decades, we observed significant risk factor modifications of improved blood pressure control and decreased smoking rate. However, hypertension and cigarette smoking remained the most contributable factors of NCDs in the Korean population. Moreover, other major modifiable risk factors show no improvement or even worsened. The current status and trends in major modifiable risk factors reinforce the importance of prevention, detection, and treatment of risk factors in reducing the burden of NCDs on individuals and society.
Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Hypertension/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Male ; Overweight/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Prevalence ; *Public Health Practice ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology/prevention & control ; World Health Organization

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the lifestyle modification coaching program on self efficacy, lifestyle and physiologic indexes related to the recurrence of stroke in patients with stroke. METHODS: Sixty-one patients with stroke registered with a stroke center participated in this study. Of the participants, 32 were assigned to the experimental group and 29 to the control group. Self efficacy, alcohol drinking, smoking, physical activity, BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist-hip ratio), blood lipid level, and blood pressure were measured both for the baseline, as well as after intervention. The lifestyle modification coaching program consisted of an 8-week telecoaching session following face-to-face education. The control group received only the face-to-face education. RESULTS: There were significant differences in physical activities, WHR, blood pressure within and between groups after intervention. The lifestyle modification coaching program had significant influences on blood pressure even after gender, age, and physical activity had been adjusted. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that lifestyle modification coaching program is effective for physical activity, abdominal obesity and blood pressure. Therefore it can be used by nurses in hospitals and communities as one of the secondary stroke prevention programs for patients with stroke.
Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; *Life Style ; Lipids/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Patient Education as Topic ; *Program Evaluation ; Self Efficacy ; Smoking ; Stroke/*prevention & control ; Telephone ; Waist-Hip Ratio

This study was conducted to identify dietary factors that may affect the occurrence of gastric cancer in Koreans. Preoperative daily nutrition intake and diet quality of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer were evaluated. Collected data were comparatively analyzed by gender. The results were then used to prepare basic materials to aid in the creation of a desirable postoperative nutrition management program. The subjects of this study were 812 patients (562 men and 250 women) who were diagnosed with gastric cancer and admitted for surgery at Soonchunhyang University Hospital between January 2003 and December 2010. Nutrition intake and diet quality were evaluated by the 24-hr recall method, the nutrient adequacy ratio, mean adequacy ratio (MAR), nutrient density (ND), index of nutritional quality (INQ), dietary variety score (DVS), and dietary diversity score (DDS). The rate of skipping meals and eating fast, alcohol consumption, and smoking were significantly higher in males than those in females. The levels of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, and cholesterol consumption were significantly higher in males than those in females. Intake of fiber, zinc, vitamin A, retinol, carotene, folic acid were significantly higher in females than those in males. MAR in males was significantly higher (0.83) than that in females (0.79). INQ values were higher in females for zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and folic acid than those in males. The average DVS was 17.63 for females and 13.19 for males. The average DDS was 3.68 and the male's average score was 3.44, whereas the female's average score was 3.92. In conclusion, males had more dietary habit problems and poor nutritional balance than those of females. Our findings suggest that proper nutritional management and adequate dietary education for the primary prevention of gastric cancer should be emphasized in men.
Alcohol Drinking ; Carotenoids ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Eating ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Meals ; Niacin ; Nutritive Value ; Potassium ; Primary Prevention ; Riboflavin ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sodium ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Thiamine ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin B 6 ; Zinc

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine effects of a small group-based cardiocerebrovascular disease (CVD) prevention education program on knowledge, stage of change and health behavior among male bus drivers with CVD risk factors. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 68 male bus drivers recruited from two urban bus companies. Participants from the two groups were selected by matching age, education and risk factors. Experimental group (n=34) received a small group-based CVD prevention education program 8 times over 6 weeks and 3 times through telephone interviews at 2-week intervals. Data were collected between December, 2010 and March, 2011, and were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measure analysis of variance with SPSS/Win18.0. RESULTS: Experimental group showed significantly higher scores in CVD prevention knowledge (p<.001) and health behavior (p<.001) at 6 and 12 weeks after intervention. Participants in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages made progress to contemplation and action. This was significantly better at 6 and 12 weeks after intervention (p<.001). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that small group-based education programs for CVD prevention are effective in increasing knowledge, stage of change, and health behavior to prevent CVD among male bus drivers with CVD risk.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Automobile Driving/*psychology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control ; Dietary Fats ; Exercise ; Health Behavior ; *Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Program Development ; *Program Evaluation ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate smoking relapse and the related factors within 1 year after discharge from the smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) of public health centers (PHCs). METHODS: Data were collected with a structured questionnaire from 395 people who success fully stopped smoking at 4 SCCs in Busan between May and June 2009, and this data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The rate of smoking relapse within 1 year after discharge from SCCs was 39.2% and this decreased rapidly over 6 months after discharge. The factors related to smoking relapse within 1 year after discharge from SCCs were being female (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.82), a trial of smoking cessation with any assistants (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.19), more than 7 ppm of exhaled CO2 on the SCCs' registration (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.64), use of pharmacotherapy after discharge from SCCs (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.93), alcohol drinking more than once a week after discharge from SCCs (HR, 3.32; 95% CI, 2.15 to 6.78), and a perceived barrier (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.30) after discharge from the SCCs. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, at least 6 months follow-up after discharge from SCCs of public health centers is recommended to reduce the rate smoking relapse. It is also recommended to strengthen the education on how to overcome barriers such as drinking in the course of smoking cessation clinics.
Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Education as Topic ; Questionnaires ; Risk ; Smoking/*prevention & control ; *Smoking Cessation ; Time Factors ; Workload