Mastitis is one of the most widespread infectious diseases that adversely affects the profitability of the dairy industry worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and identification of pathogens early to cull infected animals and minimize the spread of infection in herds is critical for improving treatment effects and dairy farm welfare. The major pathogens causing mastitis and pathogenesis are assessed first. The most recent and advanced strategies for detecting mastitis, including genomics and proteomics approaches, are then evaluated .Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, potential research directions, and future perspectives are reported. This review provides a theoretical basis to help veterinarians select the most sensitive, specific, and cost-effective approach for detecting bovine mastitis early.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of venetoclax-based combined regimen in treatment of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:The data of 50 adult AML (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia) who received venetoclax-based combined regimen in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Dongguan People's Hospital, the First Hospital of Longyan City, Jieyang People's Hospital from December 2018 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Different doses venetoclax combined with demethylation drugs or low-dose chemotherapy regimen were used to analyze the therapeutic efficacy. The related factors influencing efficacy were analyzed by using logistic regression.Results:The composite complete remission (CR) rate of 50 AML patients was 62.0% (31/50), the overall response rate (ORR) was 76.0% (38/50); 28 patients achieved effectiveness [CR and partial remission (PR)] after the first cycle and could achieve effectiveness by 3 courses of treatment at the latest. Among 50 patients, 28 cases were newly diagnosed AML, the composite CR rate was 60.8% (17/28), ORR was 78.6% (22/28); 22 cases were recurrent and relapsed, the composite CR rate was 63.6% (14/22), ORR was 72.7% (16/22); and there was no statistically significant difference of ORR between the both groups ( χ2 = 0.23, P = 0.743). Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed age was the only independent influencing factor for the treatment effectiveness ( OR = 8.451, 95% CI 1.306-54.697, P = 0.025). The median duration time of patients receiving venetoclax treatment regimen was 4.5 months (1.1-15.0 months); 16 cases who had treatment effectiveness finally relapsed, the median time of maintaining effectiveness was 5 months (1.1-11.0 months). Additionally, the common treatment-related adverse reactions included bone marrow suppression after treatment, followed by some gastrointestinal reactions like nausea, vomiting and stomachache. In addition, no patient stopped medication for more than 1 week due to bone marrow suppression related complications. Conclusion:Venetoclax-based combined regimen shows a good short-term efficacy in treatment of AML. It is also effective and tolerable for elderly patients receiving reduced dose therapy.

OBJECTIVE： To establish UPLC-Q- TOF-MS/MS fingerprint of Fritillaria thunbergii ， and to define its anti-inflammatory quality markers. METHODS ：The determination was performed on Eclipse Plus C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol- 0.1％ formic acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃，and injection volume was 2 µL. The electrospray ion source was used to scan in the range of m/z 50-1 200 with positive and negative ion detection mode. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS fingerprints of 10 batches of F. thunbergii from different habitats were established by using the Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprints （2004A edition ）. With ear swelling degree，the serum levels of MDA and NO as anti-inflammatory indexes ，the correlation between the relative area of common peaks in fingerprint and the anti-inflammatory indexes was analyzed by using bivariate correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis ， and the quality markers were screened and identified. RESULTS ：In positive and negative ion mode ，10 batches of F. thunbergii had 26 peaks and 10 peaks. Based on bivariate correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis ，nine quality markers related to anti-inflammatory effect were found ，which were identified as peiminine ，peimine，cyclobalamine，daucidin，polyphyllin Ⅴ， bitumen podophyllotoxin ，phytosterol，ent-kaur-15-en-17-ol，ent-17-norkauran-16-one. CONCLUSIONS ：Established UPLC-Q- TOF-MS/MS fingerprint can be used to evaluate the quality of F. thunbergii ；peiminine，peimine and cyclobalamine and so on may be the quality markers of anti-inflammatory effect of F. thunbergii .

OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for simultaneous determination of curdione， curcumenol， germacrone， furanodiene and β-elemene in Curcuma wenyujin， and to optimize its processing method in production place. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on ODS SP C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 214 nm， and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. 18 batches of sample medicinal materials were prepared by steaming-drying （10， 20， 30， 40 min）， or cooking-drying （drying temperature 50， 60， 70 ℃）， and then the contents of 5 components were determined. Relative relational degree （ri） obtained by grey relational analysis method as indexes was used to optimize the processing methods of C. wenyujin in production place using. RESULTS： The linear range of curdione， curcumenol， germacrone， furanodiene and β-elemene were 25.56-409.0， 2.05-32.8， 6.36-102.0， 9.14-146.0， 8.62-138.0 μg/mL （r≥0.999 2）， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0％ （n＝6）. Quantitative limits were 0.34， 0.62， 0.11， 0.14 and 1.20 μg/mL， and detection limits were 0.10， 0.19， 0.03， 0.04 and 0.42 μg/mL， respectively. The average recoveries were 101.3％， 98.7％， 99.0％， 99.6％， 96.4％， respectively （RSD＜2.8％， n＝6）. The results of grey relational analysis showed that the relative relational degree （ri） from the processing technology of “boil for 10 min-drying at 50 ℃” was greatest， which had relatively small comprehensive effect on the contents of curdione， curcumenol， germacrone， furanodiene and β-elemene respectively. CONCLUSIONS： Established HPLC method can be used for content determination of 5 components in C. wenyujin. The results of optimization can provide reference for the selection of processing method of C. wenyujin in production place.

Objective To establish a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH),and to investigate the preventative and therapeutic effects of compound ginkgo extract against NASH.Methods A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high-fat feed and 10％ fructose water for 24 weeks to establish the rat model of NASH.The general behaviors of the rats were observed,and the body weight was recorded.Blood samples from the inferior vena cava and the liver were collected after the last administration to measure serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),as well as liver function parameters.The liver index was calculated,HE staining was performed to observe liver histopathological changes,and the total lipase activity and the levels of TC,TG,and free fatty acid (FFA) in liver tissue were measured.Results After 24 weeks,compared with the normal group,the model group had a significantly faster increase in body weight,significant increases in serum levels of TC (2.20±0.52 mmol/L),TG (0.87±0.22 mmol/L),LDL-C (1.22±0.50 mmol/L),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (129.4±44.7 U/L),and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (209.3±42.8 U/L),liver index (3.62％±0.28％),and the levels of TC (4.42±1.39 mmol/mg.prot),TG (0.85±0.11 mmol/mg.prot),and FFA (644.78±36.65 μmol/L) in liver tissue,and significant reductions in serum HDL-C level (0.58±0.11 mmol/L) and the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (9.95±1.64 U/mg.prot)and hepatic lipase (HL) (9.91±1.03 U/mg.prot) (all P ＜ 0.01).In addition,the pathological results showed severe hepatocyte steatosis,varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration,exudation in the portal area,and necrosis of liver cells in the model group.After the intervention with compound ginkgo extract,there were significant reductions in serum levels ofTC (1.78±0.21 mmol/L),TG (0.58±0.07 mmol/L),LDL-C (0.84±0.19mmol/L),and ALT (84.1±17.1 U/L),AST (155.4±20.9 U/L),liver index (2.71 ％±0.15％),and the levels of TC (2.24±1.02 mmol/mg.prot),TG (0.46±0.11 mmol/mg.prot),and FFA (580.56±50.63 μmol/L) in liver tissue,as well as significant increases in serum HDL-C level (0.68±0.10 mmol/L) and the activities of LPL (15.54±2.21U/mg.prot) and HL (11.92± 1.87 U/mg.prot) (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).At the same time,it significantly reduced hepatomegaly in rats and improved fatty degeneration and degree of inflammation in liver cells.Conclusion Compound ginkgo extract can prevent and treat NASH by correcting dyslipidemia,improving liver function and fatty degeneration in hepatocytes,and reducing the degree of inflammation,and its mechanism of action may be associated with increasing total lipase activity,reducing FFA in the liver,increasing the decomposition of TG,and reducing the synthesis of TG.

Objective To understand the demanding situation for professionals in Zhejiang Province;To improve the relevance of professional training and effectiveness of education. Methods Interviews and questionnaires were used for the six aspects of research:traditional Chinese medicine industry and its needs for professionals, the school-enterprise cooperative education and staff training needs, Chinese professional competence, medicine curriculum system, personnel positioning and analysis of knowledge, ability and quality requirements, and follow-up survey for graduates. This survey was opened to 12 pharmaceutical companies in 5 areas in Zhejiang Province, with a purpose to analyze the demands and requirements for Chinese medicine professionals in Zhejinag Province. Results and Conclusion The Chinese medicine market of Zhejiang Province demands for structured and diversified professionals in large quantities, especially for skilled professionals of high-quality of vocational level, which provides a good environment for Chinese medicine professional training.

OBJECTIVETo analyze chromosome aberration in a child with mental retardation and abnormalities and its parents.

METHODSChromosome G banding, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, fluorescence in situ hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphisms array were employed for analysis.

RESULTSKaryotype analysis revealed that the child was 46,XX and the father was 46,XY, while the mother was 46,XX, add (12)(p13). Subtelomeric region analysis with MLPA displayed that the child has reduced ACP1 gene copy number in 2p25 region and increased SLC6A12,KDM5A gene copy numbers in 12p11 region. SNP-array has fine mapped the duplication to 12p13.33-p12.3, a 15.142 Mb region, and a deletion to 2p25.3 for 3.194 Mb, which resulted in duplication of 9 genes including SLC6A12 as well as deletion of 11 genes including SNTG2, respectively. FISH analysis revealed that the child was 46,XX,ish,der(2),t(2;12)(p25;p13)mat, or partial monosomy 2p25 and partial trisomy 12p13. In addition,the mother was a carrier with cryptic balanced translocation chromosome, 46,XX,isht(2;12) (p25;p13). Mental abnormalities and retardation of the child may be attributed to heterozygous deletion of SNTG2, MYT1L genes and duplication of SLC6A12 gene.

CONCLUSIONCombined use of MLPA, FISH and SNP-array can facilitate accurate diagnosis of cryptic rearrangement at genomic level.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Pedigree ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; Translocation, Genetic ; Trisomy ; Young Adult

Objective To analyse factors associated with onychomadesis in children,and to evaluate the relationship between onychomadesis and hand-foot-mouth disease (HMFD).Methods A retrospective study was performed.Clinical data were collected from 120 children with onychomadesis (average age,3.19 ± 2.06 years) and 120 sex-and age-matched patients with hemangioma.Viral detection was realized by real-time reverse transcriptionPCR in throat swab specimens.Data were analyzed by chi-square test using the SPSS 16.0 software.Results Of the 120 patients with onychomadesis,85 (70.83％) had a history of HMFD,which was 4 to 8 weeks prior to the occurrence of onychomadesis.Onychomadesis was strongly correlated with HMFD (OR,7.621,95％ CI,4.292-13.531),but uncorrelated with the occurrence and peak of fever,abnormality of serum trace elements,existence of latent diseases,or the use of antipyretic drugs or antimicrobial drugs during the clinical course of HMFD (all P ＞0.05).Several viruses were detected in 39.7％ of 68 throat swab specimens from patients with HMFD accompanied by onychomadesis,which included Coxsackievirus A16 in 9 patients,enterovirus 71 in 3 patients and unidentified enteroviruses in 15 patients.Conclusion Onychomadesis appears to be a complication of HMFD.

OBJECTIVETo determine the optimum compatibility extraction technology of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex.

METHODThe drugs were combined respectively firstly, then use HPLC to determinate extraction rates of evaluating indicators including emodin, chrysophano, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride. Orthogonal experiment was used to detect the effect on concentration and volume of ethanol, times of extraction.

RESULTThe extraction rates of evaluating indicators were relatively high in combined extraction of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma with Scutellariae Radix and single extraction of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. The optimized combined extraction were 12 times more than the volume of 60% ethanol solution, by boiling for 3 times, each for 1.0 hour, and that of single extraction were 10 times more than the volume of 60% ethanol solution, by boiling for 3 times, each for 1.0 hour.

CONCLUSIONThe optimized compatibility extraction technology is reasonable, stable and practical.

Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Phellodendron ; chemistry ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry ; Time Factors

The long-period CT perfusion imaging leads to an excess amount of radiation dose to the patient. However, the radiation dose could be significantly reduced if a previous normal-dose image is acquired before a set of low-dose scans of perfusion, and a filtering processing is performed on the differences between the current low-dose images and the previous normal-dose image, then the results are added to the previous image. But the selection of plenty of parameters makes the algorithm complicated. This paper proposes an innovative approach performed in sinogram domain instead of in image domain. First a normal-dose image and a set of low-dose projection data are acquired before the perfusion. Second the perfusion information is commendably reconstructed with sparsity constraints of the differences between current low-dose perfusion sinograms and previous low-dose sinogram. Finally, the reconstructed perfusion information is added to the previous normal-dose image. The proposed method was validated by simulated experiments with a set of brain CT perfusion images, which showed that the new method provided more accurate perfusion information; the time-attenuation curve was more close to that for normal-dose scan and the mean transit time more repeatable.
Algorithms ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Perfusion Imaging ; methods ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Injuries ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Subtraction Technique ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; adverse effects ; methods