Objective To investigate the Carabelli's traits on permanent maxillary molars in Han Chinese college students.Methods Intraoral photos and plaster models from 803 Han Chinese college students were observed and the Carabelli's traits on permanent maxillary molars were categorized by the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System.Chi-square tests were performed for the comparison of the differences between male and female,permanent maxillary first and second molars.Kendall's tau-b correlation analy-ses were performed for the correlation between bilateral antimeric molars.Results The frequencies of Carabelli's traits on permanent maxillary first and second molars were 37.61％and 3.99％respectively,46.73％and 6.30％in males,27.95％and 1.54％in females,which were statistically significant between permanent maxillary first and second molars(P＜0.01),male and female(P＜0.01).In the positive expression,the low-grade expression(ASUDAS 1-4)was predominant and accounted for 67.37％and 59.52％on the perma-nent maxillary first and second molars.The correlation between bilateral antimeric teeth were statistically significant on permanent max-illary first molars(tau-b=0.756,P＜0.01)and second molars(tau-b=0.477,P＜0.01).Conclusion The Carabelli's traits on perma-nent maxillary molars in Han Chinese college students mostly occur on permanent maxillary first molars with low-grade expression,and understanding this has great anthropological and clinical significance.

Recent studies have shown that stress can substantially facilitate breast cancer metastasis,which can be reduced by nonselective β1/β2-adrenergic receptor(β1/β2-AR)blocker.However,several side effects were identified.Thus,it is extremely warranted to explore more effective and better-tolerated β2-AR blocker.Currently,we demonstrated that baicalin(BA),a major bioactive component of Scutellaria bai-calensis Georgi,could significantly attenuate stress hormones especially epinephrine(Epi)-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro.Mechanistically,we identified that β2-AR was a direct target of BA via the drug affinity responsive target stability(DARTS)combined with mass spectrum assay,and BA photoaffinity probe with pull-down assay,which was further confirmed by a couple of bio-physical and biochemical assays.Furthermore,we demonstrated that BA could directly bind to the Phe-193 and Phe-289 of β2-AR,subsequently inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-focal adhesion kinase(cAMP-PKA-FAK)pathway,and thus impede epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),thereby hindering the metastatic progression of the chronic stress coupled with syngeneic and xenograft in vivo orthotopic and tail vein mouse model.These findings firstly identify BA as a potential β2-AR inhibitor in the treatment of stress-induced breast cancer metastasis.

Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics and changes in inhaled drugs of newly diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in some hospitals in Hunan and Guizhou from 2017 to 2023, in order to further understand the current status of COPD diagnosis and treatment.Methods:This cross-sectional study included stable COPD patients who were initially diagnosed in the respiratory and critical care departments of 13 hospitals in China from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2023. They were divided into 7 groups based on the time of their initial visit: the 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 groups. Basic information of the patients, the percentage of forced expiratory volume per second (FEV 1% pred), FEV 1/forced vital capacity (FVC), COPD assessment questionnaire (CAT) scores, the number of acute weightings in the past year, and inhalation drug regimens were collected. Results:The CAT scores of patients with COPD who visited from 2017 to 2019 were significantly higher than those from 2020 to 2023 (all P<0.05); The FEV 1% pred and FEV 1/FVC of patients with COPD showed an increasing trend from 2017 to 2023; The proportion of patients using long-acting muscarine anticholinergic (LAMA) gradually decreased between 2017 and 2023, with 8.0% (134/1 665) of patients with COPD using single drug LAMA in 2023. The proportion of patients using double branch dilators has been increasing year by year in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, and the proportion of patients using double branch dilators for COPD has stabilized in 2021, 2022, and 2023, with no statistically significant difference between groups ( P>0.05). The proportion of patients with COPD who used triple inhalation drugs was the lowest in 2020 and 2021 ( P<0.05). In 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, and 2023, the proportion of patients with COPD who used triple inhalation drugs was 45.2%(364/806), 54.0%(730/1 352), 55.5%(742/1 337), 45.8%(717/1 565), and 51.1%(851/1 665), respectively. The compliance with inhalation prescriptions and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) documents for newly diagnosed patients with COPD from 2017 to 2023 was 47.9%(386/806), 35.1%(474/1 352), 33.7%(451/1 337), 40.3%(405/1 005), 31.2%(372/1 193), 28.4%(445/1 565), and 58.8%(979/1 665), respectively. Conclusions:With the migration of time, the clinical symptoms of newly diagnosed COPD patients have been alleviated, indicating a trend of forward shift in treatment time; The proportion of double bronchodilators used has increased, and the proportion of triple inhaled drugs used is relatively high. The compliance with GOLD documents is still not ideal.

Objective:To compare the differences in inhaled medication prescriptions among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who visited the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD 2023) one year after its release and the previous year, and to analyze the impact of GOLD 2023 on physician inhaled medication prescriptions.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study, with data sourced from the RealDTC study. The study subjects were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who visited the respiratory and critical care departments of 13 hospitals in southern China from November 14, 2021 to November 15, 2023. According to the time of patient visits, they are divided into the following two groups: the group 1 year before the release of GOLD 2023 (November 14, 2021 to November 14, 2022), and the group 1 year after the release of GOLD 2023 (November 15, 2022 to November 15, 2023). We collected demographic characteristics, lung function, symptom scores, history of acute exacerbation in the past year, and inhaled medication prescriptions from patients. According to the symptom score of COPD patients in GOLD 2023 and their history of acute exacerbation in the past year, they were divided into three groups: A, B, and E. The treatment status of inhaled drugs in groups A, B, and E before and after the release of GOLD 2023 was compared.Results:There were statistically significant differences in COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores, Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scores, and the number of acute exacerbations in the past year between patients with COPD before and after the release of GOLD 2023 (all P<0.05). Compared with the group one year before the release of GOLD 2023, the proportion of patients in the group one year after the release of GOLD 2023 using long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)+ long-acting β2-receptor agonists (LABA) was lower, while the proportion of patients using LABA+ LAMA and ICS+ LABA+ LAMA was higher (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05) in the proportion of patients in group A using LAMA between the year before and after the release of GOLD 2023. Compared to the year before the release of GOLD 2023, the proportion of patients in group A who prescribed ICS+ LABA was lower, while the proportion of using LABA+ LAMA and ICS+ LABA+ LAMA was higher (all P<0.05); The proportion of patients in group B who prescribed LAMA and ICS+ LABA was lower (all P<0.05), while the proportion of using LABA+ LAMA and ICS+ LABA+ LAMA was higher (all P<0.05); The proportion of patients in group E who prescribed LAMA and ICS+ LABA was lower (all P<0.05), while the proportion of using LABA+ LAMA and ICS+ LABA+ LAMA was higher (all P<0.05). Conclusions:After the release of GOLD 2023, the prescription of ICS+ LAMA in groups A, B, and E decreased, and the prescriptions of LABA+ LAMA and ICS+ LABA+ LAMA increased compared to before; However, in the real world, the compliance of physicians with GOLD 2023 is still not ideal.

Objective:To systematically evaluate of the impact of non-specific soft tissue manipulation on pain severity in patients with chronic neck pain.Methods:Trials included in Meta-analysis were determined by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and 5 English databases in the U.S. Clinical Trial Registry. The search terms include the subject terms of neck pain, soft tissue treatment, massage, and myofascial release. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies. The included trials were assessed by using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. STATA statistical software 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Additionally, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to analyze the sources of heterogeneity and assess the stability of research results. Begg funnel plot and Egger′s publication bias plot were used to assess potential publication bias.Results:This systematic review included a total of 12 randomized controlled trials (566 patients in total). The participants were 18 to 85 years old. Most of the included studies were of medium quality. This Meta-analysis validated the effectiveness of soft tissue manual therapy on alleviating pain symptoms in patients with chronic neck pain ( ES =-0.83, 95% CI -1.15 to -0.51, P = 0.001). The Begg funnel plot indicated that there may be potential publication bias. Conclusions:This Meta-analysis found that soft tissue manual therapy has a significant effect on alleviating the pain of patients with chronic neck pain. However, different pain assessment tools could have a certain impact on the Meta-analysis results.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) for the reconstruction of hypopharynx and upper esophagus. Methods: The SCAIF procedure on was used in 10 patients, including 8 with hypopharygeal carcinomas, 1 with esophageal carcinoma and neck skin invasion and 1 with hypopharyngeal leiomyosarcoma, at the Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yatsen University between December 2015 and June 2017. The sizes of the flaps were measured in (4-8) cm×(5-12) cm. Clinical indexes such as harvesting time and survival were recorded. Results: Harvesting time for SCAIF ranged from 20 to 30 minutes, averaging 26 minutes. Nine flaps survived, one flap had partially necrosis. Functional outcomes were excellent and the donor sites were direct closed without complications. Conclusions SCAIF is a versatile, reliable, and easily harvested flap, with good cosmetic and functional outcomes for reconstructing the defects of hypopharynx and upper esophagus.

Objective To study the treatment of elderly depression and anxiety in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Methods 76 cases of senile depression and anxiety co-morbidity were selected from our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017, and were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 38 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with escitalopram, and the patients in the experimental group were treated with ascitalopram. The treatment time for both groups was two months. Comparative analysis was made on the clinical indicators of the experimental group and the control group. Results After treatment, the score of HAMD score and HAMA score in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The effective treatment efficiency of the patients in the experimental group was 86.84 ％ compared with the control group (73.68％), the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). There were 9 cases and 10 cases of adverse reactions between the experimental group and the control group, but there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions. Conclusion The liver capsule joint resolve depression escitalopram citalopram treatment of senile depression and anxiety comorbidities better clinical effect, can significantly improve the condition, improve the treatment efficiency, further promotion and application of clinical significance.

AngiotensinⅡ( AngⅡ) is the main functional bioac-tive peptide of the renin angiotensin system,and its basic function is to regulate salt-water homeostasis and blood pressure. Howev-er,recent studies have shown that AngⅡ plays a very important role in tumor formation and angiogenesis by acting on its type 1 receptor (AT1R) as a kind of potential growth factor. This arti-cle is a brief overview of the research on effects of AngⅡ-AT1R system in the process of tumor angiogenesis in recent years.

Objective To explore main influencing factors of postgraduate entrance examination of medical students in medical universities and to provide guidance for postgraduate entrance examination and employment.Methods Totally 300 2008 and 2009 grade undergraduates of Kunming Medical University were enrolled and divided into postgraduate entrance examination group (n =181)and non postgraduate entrance examination group (n =97).Self-designed questionnaire was used.Intentions of postgraduate entrance examination of two groups and main factors of not taking postgraduate entrance examination were analyzed.Softwares of Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0 were applied to do constituent ratio analysis and x2 test of gender and residence.Results Among all enrolled students,71.2％ paid attention to the entrance exam and 65.1％ said that they would take part in the entrance exam.There was no significant differences in taking entrance exam between males and females (x2 =3.213,P=0.073).Age (74.1％),family economic situation (71.1％) and current employment status (68.1％) were the main influencing factor of graduate entrance exam.There were significant differences between factors of age and family economic situation and factors of gender and census register (x2 =4.810,P =0.028 and x2 =9.612,P =0.002).There was no significant difference between factors of age and family economic situation and factor of current employment status (x2 =0.279,P =0.597).Conclusions Age,family economical situation and current employment situation are major influencing factors of postgraduate entrance examination for medical students.Postgraduate entrance examination for medical students needs positive guidance and more care from schools,society and family.Medical students should form correct view for employment and postgraduate entrance examination according to their own condition.

Objective To explore the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on expression of apoptotic regulated genes (bcl-2 and c-jun) in hippocampus after status convulsivus (SC). Methods Seizures were induced in 32 adult Wistar rats with lithium-pilocarpine intraperitoneal injection (SC), the other 32 rats were as the normal controls (NC). The rats were sacrificed 6 h after injection of normal saline (NS), BDNF, or anti-BDNF in left lateral ventricle (or no injection). The expression of Bcl-2 and c-Jun protein and bcl-2 and c-jun mRNA were investigated with immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Results The expression of bcl-2 and c-jun (both protein and mRNA) was not significantly different in the hippocampus of both side in NC. In SC, the expression of bcl-2 ranged from more to less as BDNF>NS and non-injection>anti-BDNF in the hippocampus of non-injected side, while the expression of c-jun reversed. However,there was not significant difference in the expression of bcl-2 or c-jun in the hippocampus of non-injected side. Conclusion Exogenous BDNF can up-regulate the expression of bcl-2 and down-regulate the expression of c-jun in hippocampal cells, which may protect brain from apoptosis after after SC. The intraventricular injection of BDNF diffuses limited, which works less for clinical treatment.