To investigate the clinical effect of surgical treatment for femoral head fracture-dislocation (Pipkin fracture).
 Methods: A total of 17 patients with femoral head fracture-dislocation were retrospectively analyzed. The duration from injury to surgery was 1-30 (average 9.5) days. According to the classification of Pipkin criteria, there were 4, 6, 1, and 6 cases in Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV, respectively. Thirteen patients were treated with skin traction or bone traction after admission, and the postoperative traction lasted for 4 weeks. 
 Results: All patients got a mean follow-up of 43(8-84) months. No patient suffered from infection and skin flap necrosis. X ray showed no implants loose or breakage. According to the Thompson-Epstein evaluation system, among the cases of Type I, 3 cases were excellent and 1 case was fair; among the cases of Type II, 3 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good, and 1 case was poor. The case of Type III was good. Among the cases of Type IV, 2 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good, and 2 cases were fair. The excellent and good rate was 76.47%.
 Conclusion: Early diagnosis of Pipkin fracture, reasonable selection of surgical approach and internal fixation according to Pipkin classification can help patients to obtain satisfactory hip function and improve their prognosis.
Femur Head ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To compare the clinical effect of vacuum sealing drainage and traditional methods on open tibial fractures of Gustilo grade-Ⅲ.Methods Seventy-eight patients with open tibial fractures of Gustilo grade-Ⅲ were divided into two groups,43 patients in observation group were treated by vacuum sealing drainage,while 35 patients in control group were treated by traditional methods.The operative quality,postoperative recovery condition,clinical effect and rate of adverse reaction were analyzed between two groups.Results As for the hospital stays,healing time of wound and fracture,the observation group were significant shorter than control group (P＜0.05).The excellent and good rate of observation group was 83.72％,which was significantly higher than that of control group 65.71％ (P ＜0.01).The adverse reaction rate of observation group was 6.98％,which was significantly lower than that of control group 17.14％ (P＜0.05) Conclusions Vacuum sealing drainage used for treatment of open tibial fractures of Gustilo grade-Ⅲ can shorten wound and fracture healing time,reduce the incidence of adverse reaction and improve the clinical effect.It is worth of popularization and application.

Objective To evaluate of the clinical effect of triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation for treatment of necrosis of talus. Methods The clinical data of 24 patients with necrosis of talus who were treated by triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation from April 2011 to January 2015 in Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South Univer-sity were retrospectively analyzed. And the clinical effect were measured by AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale System. Results The 24 patients were followed up for 26 months averagely (12~36 months). According to AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale System, there were 4 cases of mod-erate and 20 cases of bad before treatment, and there were 18 cases of excellent, 4 cases of good, and 2 cases of moderate after the treat-ment. Conclusion It can achieve good clinical results in treatment of necrosis of talus through triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of dual-plate for treatment of comminuted distal humerus fractures in adult. Meth-ods 28 patients with distal humeral fractures were treated with condylar anatomical plate interal fixation. The supracondylar fracture was fixed with condylar anatomical plating, and the two plates were kept in 90°with each other. Results The 28 cases were followed up average-ly 26 months (12 to 34 months). All fractures healed and there was no delayed union or nonunion cases. According to Cassebaum scoring system, there were 9 cases of excellent,14 cases of good, 4 cases of moderate and 1 case of bad. According to Morrey-Chao scoring system, there were 16 cases of cases,11 cases of good. The average time of bone healing was 10 weeks. Conclusion In treatment of comminuted distal humerus fractures in adult, open reduction and dual-plate internal fixation can get good clinical results. The placement of the dual-plate may depend on surgeon experience and preference and the fracture pattern present.

Sugarcane bagasse modified by polyethylenimine (PEI) and glutaraldehyde (GA) was used as a carrier to immobilize Clostridium acetobutylicum XY16 in the process of butanol production. The effects of chemically modified sugarcane bagasse on batch and repeat-batch fermentations were investigated. Batch fermentation was conducted with an addition of 10 g/L modified sugarcane bagasse and 60 g/L glucose, resulting in a high solvent concentration of 21.67 g/L and productivity of 0.60 g/(L x h) with the treatment of 4 g/L PEI and 1 g/L GA. Compared to the fermentations by free cells and immobilized cells on unmodified sugarcane bagasse, the productivity increased 130.8% and 66.7%, respectively. The fibrous-bed bioreactor also maintained a stable butanol production during repeat-batch fermentations, achieving a maximum productivity of 0.83 g/(L x h) with a high yield of 0.42 g/g.
Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; Bioreactors ; Butanols ; metabolism ; Cells, Immobilized ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Clostridium acetobutylicum ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Saccharum ; chemistry

BACKGROUND:Osteoprotegerin and nitrogen monoxidum play a key role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. However, the correlation of the two in inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of different doses of osteoprotegerin on nitric oxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in osteoclasts.
METHODS:Tartrate resistant acid phophatase staining was used to test whether the induced cells are osteoclasts. Osteoclasts were divided into six groups:blank control group (no reagent);negative control group (DMEM);four osteoprotegerin groups (10, 25, 50, 75μg/L of osteoprotegerin). Annexinv-FITC kit and flow cytometry were used to test the apoptosis rate of osteoclasts. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of osteoclasts marker gene, TRAP mRNA and protein kinase K mRNA. Nitric oxide production and nitric oxide synthase activity were determined using the corresponding kits. Four osteoprotegerin groups were added with L-NAME, a kind of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, to test the changes of the apoptosis rates of osteoclasts and the changes of the expression of TRAP mRNA and protein kinase K mRNA of osteoclasts.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Osteoprotegerin inhibited the differentiation of osteoclasts and induced the apoptosis. Osteoprotegerin concentration had a positive correlation with the apoptosis rate of osteoclasts, and a negative correlation with the numbers of osteoclasts and expression of marker gene TRAP mRNA and protein kinase K mRNA in osteoclasts. Osteoprotegerin boosted the nitric oxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and osteoprotegerin concentration was positively correlated to the nitric oxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. After Raw264.7 cells were in vitro cultured, osteoprotegerin and nitric oxide play a synergic role in inhibiting osteoclasts production and promoting the apoptosis. We speculate that there is osteoprotegerin/endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide signal pathway.

Sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7, Sucrose phosphorylase, SPase) can be produced by recombinant strain Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3)/Pet-SPase. Crude enzyme was obtained from the cells by the high pressure disruption and centrifugation. Sucrose phosphorylase was purified by Ni-NTA affinity column chromatography and desalted by ultrafiltration. The specific enzyme activity was 1.1-fold higher than that of the crude enzyme, and recovery rate was 82.7%. The purified recombinant SPase had a band of 59 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Thermostability of the enzyme was shown at temperatures up to 37 degrees C, and pH stability between pH 6.0 and 6.7. The optimum temperature and pH were 37 degrees C and 6.7, respectively. The K(m) of SPase for sucrose was 7.3 mmol/L, and Vmax was 0.2 micromol/(min x mg). Besides, alpha-arbutin was synthesized from sucrose and hydroquinone by transglucosylation with recombinant SPase. The optimal conditions for synthesis of alpha-arbutin were 200 U/mL of recombinant SPase, 20% of sucrose, and 1.6% hydroquinone at pH 6-6.5 and 25 degrees C for 21 h. Under these conditions, alpha-arbutin was obtained with a 78.3% molar yield with respect to hydroquinone, and the concentration of alpha-arbutin was about 31 g/L.
Arbutin ; biosynthesis ; Catalysis ; Enzyme Stability ; Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Glucosyltransferases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hydroquinones ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sucrose ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the unification effect of rat nerve growth factor(NGF)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)on repair of the peripheral nerve injury and the denervated muscle.Methods Ninety-six healthy SD rats weighing(250±15)g were randomly divided into NGF+ATP group,NGF group,ATP group and NS group.The sciatic nerves were cut for 3 mm,and were connected with silicone tube to create the nerve regeneration room.Then,all rats were intraperitoneally injected with NS0.4ml,ATP0.4ml(1 mg/ml),NGF 0.4 ml(0.2 μg/ml),NGF+ATP 0.4 ml(ATP1 mg/ml,NGF 0.2 μg/ml)separately once every three days.Six rats from each group were selected at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after operation for sciatic nerve index(SFI)detection,gross observation and electrophysiological test;the specimens were obtained from the sacrificed rats for nerve regeneration,gastrocnemius muscle wet weight,fiber diameter and cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle(by HE staining).ResultsAt 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after operation,every six rats were chosen to be tested.The SFI,nerve conduction velocity and wet weight of the muscle of NGF+ATP group were better than those of the other three groups(P ＜ 0.05).The swelling of the rat toes of NGF+ATP group was slighter than that of NGF group and ATP group,with no loss of toes found in NGF+ATP group.At the 2nd week after operation,new nerve fibers were observed in the regeneration room,with no connection of the nerve fibers.The nerve fibers crossed the regeneration room at 4,6 and 8 weeks after operation.Compared with other three groups,the nerve growth condition was better in NGF+ATP group,with slighter adhesion and inflammation of nerve fibers.The growth condition of the nerve fibers of NGF group was better than ATP group,and that of NGF group and ATP group was better than NS group.At 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after operation,the electrophysiological condition and wet weight of muscle in NGF group was better than those in ATP group.While the SFI,the cross area and diameter of the muscle in NGF group were better than ATP group at 4,6 sand 8 weeks(P ＜ 0.05).All the parameters in NGF group and ATP group were better than NS group at each time point(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions(1)The unification effect of NGF and ATP exert apparent effect in repair of the injured nerve and on the denervated muscle.Combined application of NGF and ATP is superior than NGF or ATP used alone.(2)A certain effect of ATP in repair of the injured nerve and on the denervated muscle is detected,but it is inferior to NGF and NGF+ATP.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the synergistic effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the growth of bone tissue. METHODS: A total of 36 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups with 9 rabbits (18 sides of the anterior limb) in each group, including group A,B,C, and D. For all rabbits 1.0 cm bone defects was created in both sides of the radius. These bone defect regions were implanted with corresponding composites: group A with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) only, group B with CPC/bFGF, group C with CPC/VEGF while group D with both bFGF and VEGF. At the 3rd, 6th, and 12th week after the operation, 6 specimens from each group were randomly selected. The effects were partly assessed by X-ray film examination, bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, biomechanical test and histological observation. RESULTS: X-ray showed that at the 12th week the bone defects in group D were completely repaired with CPC generally degraded,whereas bone defects in group B and C were only basically repaired. BMD measurements showed that at the 12th week the BMD of group D was significantly higher than that of group B and C (P < 0.05). Biomechanical testing(at the 12th week) showed that the maximum bending load of group D was significantly higher than that of group B and C (P < 0.05). Histological observation indicated that at the 12th week, woven bone had become mature lamellar bone in group D. At the same time, the normal relation of cortical bone and marrow had resumed, and so had the normal structure of trabecula. However, the recanalization of bone marrow cavity could not be seen in group B and C. CONCLUSION These 3 kinds of composite: CPC/bFGF, CPC/VEGF and CPC/ bFGF+VEGF can promote the growth of bone tissue and speed up the repair of bone defects. The composite of CPC/bFGF+VEGF is better than the other two composites in promoting the growth of bone tissues, indicating that bFGF and VEGF have a synergistic effect on the growth of bone tissue.
Animals ; Bone Cements ; Calcium Phosphates ; administration & dosage ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; administration & dosage ; Implants, Experimental ; Male ; Rabbits ; Radius ; injuries ; surgery ; Random Allocation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; administration & dosage

BACKGROUND: A variety of growth factors are involved in regulating cell proliferation and matrix synthesis at the tendon healing process. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a powerful role on the tissue healing and regeneration. At present, few studies report the VEGF at the process of endogenous tendon healing. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dose-effect relationship of intrinsic healing of rabbit's achilles tendon, which was topically separated by silicone tube, with the VEGF application. DESIGN, TIM E AND SETTING: Randomized control animal experiments were performed in the Central Animal Laboratory in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from November 2007 to April 2008. MATERIALS: Forty-eight healthy rabbits, weighing 2.5-3.0 kg, were used to establish the tendon rabbit injury models and were divided into 4 groups randomly, termed blank group and VEGF 100 ng, 50 ng, 10 ng groups, with 12 animals for each group. METHODS: The gastrocnemius bundle branch and soleus muscle bundle branch of the right achilles tendon were sutured after surface skin and subcutaneous tissue discission. The gastrocnemius bundle branch was transected at 2 cm above calcaneal bone insertion and a 2-cm silicone tube was applied to separate the site of suture using 5-0 modified Kessler method. The site of suture was treated with nothing in silicone tube as the blank control group. In other three groups, the site of suture was treated with 100, 50, 10 ng VEGF in silicone tube at the operation day and 7, 14, 21 days post-operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 2, 4, 6 weeks post-operation, the achilles tendon of 4 rabbits in each group were harvested for gross observation and histological evaluation. RESULTS: Compared with 2 and 4 weeks post-operation, the peripheral tissue's adhesion out of the silicon tube at 6 weeks was relieved and required to be separated using passive or operating knife. There were no significant differences in the grading of tendon adhesion between groups at 6 weeks post-operation (P > 0.05). The broken end of the achilles tendon in the silicon tube was connected with new-bom achilles tendon fibre tissues. The healing was well in each group, and the VEGF groups were superior to blank control group (P < 0.05). At 2, 4, 6 weeks post-operation, the fibroblast counting in the 100 ng and 50 ng VEGF groups was greater than that in the 10 ng VEGF group (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in the fibroblast counting between 100 ng and 50 ng VEGF groups (P > 0.05). The content of collagen fibres had no significant difference among three VEGF groups. The fibroblast counting and the content of collagen fibres in the VEGF groups were higher than that in the blank control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The exogenous application of different doses of VEGF at achilles tendon repair site can facilitate the proliferation and maturation of the fibroblasts, increase the secretion of collagen and promote the maturation of collagen fibres, thus facilitating intrinsic healing of the achilles tendon. The 100 ng and 50 ng VEGF is better than 10 ng VEGF with regard to the promotion of achilles tendon healing, and no difference is observed between 100 ng and 50 ng.