OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate pharmacoeconomic studies on treatment strategies for transfusion- dependent β thalassemia （TDT） both in China and internationally， to inform clinical decision-making and health resource allocation， and provide methodological references for future domestic research in China. METHODS Databases including PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang Data， and VIP were searched for pharmacoeconomic studies related to TDT treatments from inception to December 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature， extracted data， and assessed risk of bias using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 （CHEERS 2022） checklist. A qualitative systematic review was conducted focusing on model structure， costs， health outcomes， uncertainty analysis， and economic evaluation results. RESULTS A total of 1 685 articles were initially identified， and 13 pharmacoeconomic studies were ultimately included. The overall quality of the included studies was relatively high， covering interventions including blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy （BT-ICT）， hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）， and gene therapy. All studies employed cost-utility analysis from societal， healthcare system， and payer perspectives. Markov models were most frequently used in model design. Most studies adopted a lifetime horizon with a cycle length of one year and a discount rate of 1.5% to 5%. Costs mainly focused on direct medical costs， sourced from national insurance databases and published literature. Utility values were primarily derived from literature or measured using techniques such as time trade-off. Most studies conducted both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses， identifying the costs of iron chelators and utility values as key influential parameters. Some studies also performed scenario analyses. CONCLUSIONS HSCT was likely more cost-effective than BT-ICT for pediatric/ adolescent patients. BT-ICT demonstrated superior cost-utility for adult patients， with the deferiprone regimen potentially being the most cost-effective option. Current domestic and international pharmacoeconomic evaluations for TDT remain limited. Future research should adopt a societal perspective， use a lifetime horizon， and strictly follow the CHEERS 2022 checklist when conducting pharmacoeconomic evaluations of treatments for TDT.

Chinese herbal piece is an important component of the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） system， and identifying their quality and grading can promote the development and utilization of Chinese herbal pieces. Utilizing deep learning for intelligent identification of Chinese herbal pieces can save time， effort， and cost， while also reasonably avoiding the constraints of human subjectivity， providing a guarantee for efficient identification of Chinese herbal pieces. In this study， a dataset containing 108 kinds of Chinese herbal pieces （14 058 images） was constructed，the basic YOLOv4 algorithm was employed to identify the 108 kinds of Chinese herbal pieces of our database The mean average precision （mAP） of the developed basic YOLOv4 model reached 85.3%. In addition， the receptive field block was introduced into the neck network of YOLOv4 algorithm， and the improved YOLOv4 algorithm was used to identify Chinese herbal pieces. The mAPof the improved YOLOv4 model achieved 88.7%， the average precision of 80 kinds of decoction pieces exceeded 80%， the average precision of 48 kinds of decoction pieces exceeded 90%. These results indicate that adding the receptive field module can help to some extent in the identification of Chinese herbal medicine pieces with different sizes and small volumes. Finally， the average precision of each kind of Chinese herbal medicine piece by the improved YOLOv4 model was further analyzed. Through in-depth analysis of the original images of Chinese herbal medicine pieces with low prediction average precision， it was clarified that the quantity and quality of original images of Chinese herbal medicine pieces are key to performing intelligent object detection. The improved YOLOv4 model constructed in this study can be used for the rapid identification of Chinese herbal pieces， and also provide reference guidance for the manual authentication of Chinese herbal medicine decoction pieces.

Objective:To understand the etiological characteristics of 2 serotypes of Salmonella strains isolated from a foodborne disease outbreak. Methods:A total of 11 anal swabs of the cases, 13 suspected contaminated food and 10 environmental samples were collected from a foodborne disease outbreak occurred on September 8, 2022 in a school. The anal swabs were enriched with selenite brilliant green enrichment broth (SBG) and brain heart infusion broth (BHI) respectively. PCR detection and culture of common intestinal pathogens were carried out. The suspected food samples were tested according to national standards for food safety. Multiple suspected Salmonella colonies were obtained and selected for serotype determination and whole genome sequencing. Serotypes were determined based on the whole-genome sequence, and clustering analysis was performed based on core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Results:The positive rates of Salmonella in anal swabs and suspected food samples were 9/11 and 5/13 respectively. Both Salmonella Uganda and Salmonella Idikan were isolated from 4 anal swabs and 4 suspected food samples. For the remaining samples, only Salmonella Uganda or Salmonella Idikan was isolated in each sample. The positive rate of Salmonella in 11 anal swabs of the cases after BHI enrichment for 12 h and 24 h were all 9/11 in real-time PCR, same to the culture results. Salmonella Uganda and Salmonella Idikan formed two independent and genetically distant lineages in the clustering tree based on core genome SNP, and 0-14 and 0-23 SNP were observed in Salmonella Uganda and Salmonella Idikan respectively. Conclusions:This foodborne disease outbreak was probably caused by Salmonella Uganda and Salmonella Idikan, which both exhibited strong genetic diversity. The PCR based pathogen screening strategy plus pathogen enrichment for cases' annal swabs can be used in the routine outbreak investigation.

Regarding to the sharply increased applications and relatively lower rate of successful funding for major projects in the fields of Critical Care/Wounds and Injuries/Burns/Plastic Surgery from the National Natural Science Foundation of China in recent years, the author summarized the funded projects in this specific field from 2014 to 2018, discussed the characteristics and trends of these applications and grants, and summarized the hotspot issues and frontier researches so as to help the applicants in the future.

To summarize the projects granted by National Natural Science Foundation of China related to tumor biomarkers in laboratory medicine from 2010 to 2018. The projects are categorized and analyzed according to tumor classification, biochemical properties of biomarkers. What′s more, characters of granted projects of tumor biomarkers in recent 9 years are summarized and development trends are pointed out.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of metabolically healthy obese ( MHO) individuals, and to explore the risk of progression into metabolic disorders after 3 years. Methods A total of 3943 residents in Jining City were evaluated twice from February 2012 to August 2015, and 3766 individuals were enrolled excluding those with missing data. Of the subjects, 875 subjects were screened as metabolic normal population, which were divided into MHO(n = 127), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW, n = 386), and metabolically healthy normal weight ( MHNW, n = 362) groups. T test, x2 test, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results The incidence of MHO was 11. 63％ (127 / 1092) in obesity, and the proportion of MHO in females was higher than that in males(13. 91％ vs 7. 82％ , P<0. 05). Compared with MHNW group, the levels of HbA1C , fasting insulin, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C), triglyceride ( TG), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), and waist circumference(WC) were higher in MHO while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower(all P<0. 05); and fasting insulin, LDL-C, TG, GGT, SBP, WC were higher in MHOW while HDL-C was lower (all P<0. 05). The levels of fasting insulin, TG, SBP, WC were higher in MHO while GFR and HDL-C were lower compared with MHOW(all P<0. 05). Following up for 3 years, the incidences of dyslipidemia in MHNW, MHOW, and MHO were 17. 96％ (65 / 362), 32. 90％ (127 / 386), 42. 52％ (54 / 127), respectively, with significant difference among three groups(P<0. 05). The incidences of hyperglycemia in the three groups were 20. 17％ (73 / 362), 22. 80％(88 / 386), 26. 77％ (34 / 127), respectively, without significant difference among groups ( all P > 0. 05). After adjustment for some factors including sex, age, fasting insulin, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GGT, and creatinine, the risks of dyslipidemia in MHO ( OR = 2. 193, 95％ CI 1. 359-3. 539, P<0. 05) and MHOW(OR= 1. 705, 95％ CI 1. 190-2. 443, P<0. 05) were significantly increased as compared with MHNW. Conclusion Compared with MHNW individuals, MHOW/ MHO individuals show an obviously different clinical feature as well as with higher risks of dyslipidemia after 3 years.

At present , laboratory medicine has become one of the fastest growing subjects in the field of medicine.The development of laboratory medicine directly led to the improvement of diagnosis and the increase of test methods in clinic .The data of project applications and grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of laboratory medicine from 2014 to 2017 were reviewed and summarized.The future prospect was also analyzed to provide references for related researchers in this field .

The characteristics and principles of acupoint selection in auricular plaster therapy for hypertension were explored. By searching CNKI (search time from 1950 to November of 2015), VIP database (search time from 1989 to November of 2015) and WanFang Database (search time from 1983 to November of 2015), the clinical research literature regarding auricular plaster therapy for hypertension was collected, and frequency statistics method was used for analysis. As a result, totally 117 articles were included. The auricular points with frequency from high to low were Jiangyagou, Shenmen (TF), Gan (CO), Xin (CO), Shen (CO), Jiaogan (AH), Pizhixia (AT), Jiangyadian and Neifenmi. The TCM syndromes with frequency from high to low were excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness syndrome, upper hyperactivity of liversyndrome,deficiency andhyperactivity syndrome and excessive liver-fire syndrome. In conclusion, based on cross-reference of TCM and modern medicine combination ofand meridians differentiation and valuing the auricular points from clinical experience, the auricular plaster therapy for hypertension was characterized with "treating the principal and subordinate symptoms simultaneously and respectively" and "differentiation-based selection of auricular points to regulate", which could fully take the anti-hypertension advantages of non-pharmacotherapy.

Objective To explore the effect of pain management by pain resource nurse (PRN) attending pain nursing group, and to know the patient′s satisfaction. Methods Advanced practice nurse as the lead of the group. The selection of PRN members in the group was made on merit which all have definite responsibility and like pain nursing, established pain management quality control system in group and training,standardized pain management processes and the regulations, educated knowledge and skills of pain management for PRN. Results Patient satisfaction with pain management increased significantly from 82.0%(496/605) to 97.1%(572/589)(P<0.05). Moderate and serious pain rate of patients decreased significantly from 60.0%to 20.0%(P<0.01). The qualified rate of pain assessment increased from 84.9%(514/605) to 95.1%(560/589)(P<0.05). Conclusions The establishment of pain nursing group can not only improve pain management quality and patients satisfaction, but also improve of PRN′s professional behaviors and development of clinical pain nursing .

Objective To investigate the predictors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to hospital from January 2010 to April 2014 were enroled. The demographics, vascular risk factors, baseline clinical data, and laboratory tests in both groups were colected. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the peripheral blood T helper cel (Th) subgroup. Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of peripheral blood interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Results A total of 143 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enroled, including 56 in a SIRS group and 87 in a non-SIRS group. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the history of hypertension, history of stroke, baseline systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, percentage of Th1 cels, and IFN-γ concentration in patients of both groups (al P < 0. 05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the NIHSS score ≥6 (odds ratio [ OR] 2. 40, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1. 24 - 5. 15, P = 0. 008), decreased percentage of Th1 cels (OR 2. 81, 95% CI 1. 51 - 6. 83, P = 0. 013), and decreased IFN-γ concentration (OR 4. 63, 95% CI 1. 01 - 9. 72, P = 0. 004) were the independent predictive factors for occurring SIRS in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Conclusions Severe neurological deficit, decreased percentage of Th1 cels or decreased IFN-γ level may increase the risk of acute ischemic stroke patients with SIRS.