Objective:To analyze the current status of red blood cell transfusion in very preterm infants (VPI) (gestational age at birth <32 weeks) from Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) in 2022.Methods:This cross-sectional study was based on the CHNN VPI cohort. It included 6 985 VPI admitted to CHNN 89 participating centers within 24 hours after birth in 2022. VPI with major congenital anomalies or those transferred to non-CHNN centers for treatment or discharged against medical advice were excluded. VPI were categorized based on whether they received red blood cell transfusions, their gestational age at birth, the type of respiratory support received during transfusion, and whether the pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels exceeded the thresholds. General characteristics, red blood cell transfusion rates, number of transfusions, timing of the first transfusion, and pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels were compared among different groups. The incidence of adverse outcomes between the group of VPI who received transfusions above the threshold and those who received transfusions below the threshold were compared. Comparison among different groups was conducted using χ2 tests, Kruskal-Wallis H tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and so on. Trends by gestational age at birth were evaluated by Cochran-Armitage tests and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests for trend. Results:Among the 6 985 VPI, 3 865 cases(55.3%) were male, with a gestational age at birth of 30.0 (28.6, 31.0) weeks and a birth weight of (1 302±321) g. Overall, 3 617 cases (51.8%) received red blood cell transfusion, while 3 368 cases (48.2%) did not. The red blood cell transfusion rate was 51.8% (3 617/6 985), with rates of 77.7% (893/1 150) for those born before 28 weeks gestational age and 46.7% (2 724/5 835) for those born between 28 and 31 weeks gestational age. A total of 9 616 times red blood cell transfusions were administered to 3 617 VPI, with 632 times missing pre-transfusion hemoglobin data, and 8 984 times included in the analysis. Of the red blood cell transfusions, 25.6% (2 459/9 616) were administered when invasive respiratory support was required, 51.3% (4 934/9 616) were receiving non-invasive respiratory support, while 23.1% (2 223/9, 616) were given when no respiratory support was needed. Compared to the non-transfusion group, the red blood cell transfusion group had a higher rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension in mothers, lower rates of born via cesarean section and mother′s antenatal steroid administration, smaller gestational age, lower birth weight, a higher proportion of small-for-gestational-age, multiple births, and proportions of Apgar score at the 5 th minute after birth ≤3 (all P<0.05). They were also less likely to be female, born in hospital or undergo delayed cord clamping (all P<0.01). Additionally, higher transport risk index of physiologic stability score at admission were observed in the red blood cell transfusion group ( P<0.001). The number of red blood cell transfusion was 2 (1, 3) times, with the first transfusion occurring at an age of 18 (8, 29) days, and a pre-transfusion hemoglobin level of 97 (86, 109) g/L. For VPI ≤7 days of age, the pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels for invasive respiratory support, non-invasive respiratory support, or no respiratory support, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between groups ( H=5.59, P=0.061). For VPI aged 8 to 21 days and≥22 days, the levels with statistically differences between groups (both P<0.01). Red blood cell transfusions above recommended thresholds were observed in all respiratory support categories at different stages of life, with the highest prevalence in infants aged 8 to 21 days and≥22 days who did not require respiratory support, at 90.1% (264/273) and 91.1%(1 578/1 732), respectively. The rate of necrotizing enterocolitis was higher in the above-threshold group ( χ2=10.59, P=0.001), and the duration of hospital stay was longer in the above-threshold group ( Z=4.67, P<0.001) compared to the below-threshold group. Conclusions:In 2022, the red blood cell transfusion rate was relatively high among VPI from CHNN. Pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels frequently exceeded recommended transfusion thresholds.

ObjectiveTo determine the resistance of adult Culex quinquefasciatus and Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Dazhu District of Chongqing in 2023， and provide scientific evidence for rational use of hygienic insecticides. MethodsDrug resistance was determined by using adult mosquito contact tube method and adult fly drop method. ResultsIn 2023， the 24-hour mortality rate of adult Culex quinquefasciatus in Dazu District， Chongqing， against permethrin （0.25%）， beta-cypermethrin （0.025%）， deltamethrin （0.025%）， malathion （5%） and propoxur （0.1%） was 37.35%， 21.92%， 28.33%， 96.43%， and 95.38%， respectively. The median lethal dose （LD₅₀） value of female adult Musca domestica against beta-cypermethrin （95.8%）， chlorpyrifos （97%）， deltamethrin （90%） and dichlorvos （95%） was 2.572 μg， 0.329 μg， 0.406 μg， and 0.492 μg， respectively， with resistance of 829.68， 7.65， 53.42， and 46.42 folds to the above tested insecticides． ConclusionAdult Culex quinquefasciatus and Musca domestica in Dazu District show various degrees of resistance to commonly used insecticides. It warrants suspending the insecticides with high resistance， whereas mixedly and alternatively administering the insecticides with possible resistance and low resistance. Additionally， we should continue to monitor the resistance and guide the rational use of insecticides.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of berberine (BBR) against ionizing radiation injury in rats and its mechanism of action. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: normal control group, 1-Gy radiation group, 1-Gy radiation plus low-dose BBR (50 mg/kg) group, 1-Gy radiation plus high-dose BBR (150 mg/kg) group, 3-Gy radiation group, 3-Gy radiation plus low-dose BBR (50 mg/kg) group, and 3-Gy radiation plus high-dose BBR (150 mg/kg) group. All the groups except the normal control group were exposed to external irradiation with a medical electron linear accelerator, followed by BBR administration by gavage for consecutive ten days. The serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by using the micromethod. The pathological changes of the bone marrow and small intestine were observed with HE staining. Results Compared with the normal control group, the radiation groups showed significantly increased MDA levels (P < 0.05), significantly decreased SOD and GSH levels (P < 0.05), and more severe pathological damage of the bone marrow and small intestine. Compared with the radiation groups, the BBR groups showed significantly decreased MDA levels (P < 0.05), significantly increased SOD and GSH levels (P < 0.05), and reduced pathological damage to the bone marrow and small intestine, which were more marked in the high-dose BBR group. Conclusion BBR has a certain protective effect against radiation injury in rats, which may be through increasing the activity of antioxidant substances, enhancing free radical clearance, and thereby alleviating free radicals-caused oxidative damage.

Objective:To assess the association of appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM) to fat mass(FM) ratio in early pregnancy with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:A total of 468 pregnant women who visited the Nutritional Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital or Shunyi Maternal and Child Care Service Center in 2018 and 2019 were recruited. Detailed information and clinical data were collected. The body components were measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method during early pregnancy (< 14 weeks) and the ASM to FM ratio was calculated. The patients were divided into the GDM group and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group according to the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed during 24-28 weeks. Binary logistics regression was used to explore the correlation between the ASM/FM ratio and the risk of GDM. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of subjects was used to evaluate the predictive value of ASM/FM ratio for GDM and the cut-off value was reported.Results:Compared to the NGT group, the ASM and FM in early pregnancy in the GDM group were significantly higher, while the ASM/FM ratio was significantly lower. A lower ASM/FM ratio in early pregnancy was one of the risk factors of developing GDM. The cut-off value of the ASM/FM ratio was 0.809. The area under the ROC curve for predicting GDM increased from 68.1% to 72.3% when ASM/FM ratio was incorporated, with a significant difference by Delong test ( P = 0.006). Conclusion:Inadequate muscle mass would increase the risk of GDM and the ASM/FM ratio could serve as a predictor of GDM.

Objective:To explore the neural mechanism of language dysfunction in patients with subacute stroke using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Methods:Sixteen patients with non-fluent aphasia after subacute stroke (aphasia group), 16 patients with non-aphasia after stroke (non-aphasia group), and 16 healthy middle-aged and elderly subjects (control group) were enrolled into our study. The 6-min resting-state data of fNIRS were collected. Four language-related regions, Broca area, Wernicke area, dorso lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and supplementary motor area (SMA), were selected as regions of interest (ROIs), and the whole brain functional connection strength and functional connection strength in ROIs and between each two ROIs were analyzed by NirSpark software.Results:Compared with the control group (0.53±0.15) and non-aphasia group (0.47±0.12), the aphasia group had significantly decreased whole brain functional connection strength (0.29±0.14, P<0.05). Compared with the control group and non-aphasia group, the aphasia group had significantly decreased functional connection strength in the left Wernicke area, right Wernicke area, left Broca area, left SMA area, right SMA area and left DLPFC area ( P<0.05, FDR). Compared with the control group and non-aphasia group, the aphasia group had significantly decreased functional connection strength in the right Wernicke-left Wernicke area, right Wernicke-right Broca area, right Wernicke-left Broca area, right Wernicke-right DLPFC area, right Wernicke-left DLPFC area, right Wernicke-right SMA area, right Wernicke-left SMA area, left Wernicke-right Broca area, left Wernicke-left Broca area, left Wernicke-right DLPFC area, left Wernicke-left DLPFC, left Wernicke-right SMA area, left Wernicke-left SMA area, right Broca-left Broca area, right Broca-left DLPFC area, right Broca-right SMA area, right Broca-left SMA area, left Broca-right DLPFC area, left Broca-left DLPFC area, left Broca-right SMA area, left Broca-left SMA area, right DLPFC-left DLPFC area, right DLPFC-right SMA area, right DLPFC-left SMA area, left DLPFC-right SMA area, left DLPFC-left SMA area, and right SMA-left SMA area ( P<0.05, FDR). Conclusion:Abnormal functional connectivity strength of the whole brain and language-related key brain areas might be the neural mechanism of language dysfunction in patients with non-fluent aphasia after subacute stroke.

Objective:To investigate the effect of prolonged negative pressure drainage time after parotidectomy and analyze its relationship with the incidence of postoperative salivary fistula.Methods:The clinical data of 94 patients with benign parotid gland tumors who received treatment in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from July 2021 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into an observation group and a control group ( n = 47 per group). In the observation group, the negative pressure drainage tube was removed after 1 week of simple negative pressure drainage, while in the control group, conventional local bandaging of the parotid gland was performed for 2 weeks, and negative pressure drainage was given for 2-3 days. Postoperative drainage volume, pain degree, and the incidence of salivary fistula were recorded for each group. Results:The total drainage volume in the observation group was (77.93 ± 23.83) mL, which was significantly greater than (47.06 ± 24.71) mL in the control group ( t = 6.17, P < 0.001). The Visual Analogue Scale score in the observation group was (3.021 ± 1.07) points, which was significantly lower than (7.53 ± 1.27) points in the control group ( t = 18.63, P < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative salivary fistula in the observation group was 2.1% (1/47), which was significantly lower than 17.0% (8/47) in the control group ( χ2 = 4.42, P = 0.035). Conclusion:Simple prolongation of negative pressure drainage time can achieve full drainage, improve the quality of life of patients after parotidectomy and reduce the occurrence of postoperative salivary fistula, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the differential expression profile of miRN in the development of diabetes nephropathy (DN), and further explore the mechanism of miR-126-5p involved in high glucose induced injury of renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods:Firstly, we downloaded existing chip data from the Gene Expression Integrated Database (GEO) and used GEO2R, miRanda, gene ontology (GO) analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis to mine differential miRNAs. Subsequently, a high glucose induced HK-2 cell injury model was used and divided into three groups: high glucose model group, si-HOTAIR group, and si HOTAIR+ miR-126-5p inhibitor group. The three groups of cells were sequentially transfected with siRNA-NC, siRNA-HOTAIR, and siRNA-HOTAIR+ miR-126-5p mimic, and cultured in a medium containing 60 mmol/L glucose. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in apoptosis levels in each group, while cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect changes in cell proliferation.Results:Through data mining analysis using GEO, it was found that compared to ordinary mice, DN mice had 74 upregulated miRNAs and 80 downregulated miRNAs in their kidney tissue. Enrichment analysis results showed that miRNAs could target signaling pathways such as Wnt, PKG, MAPK, and Rap1, and miR-126-5p was significantly downregulated. In the high glucose induced HK-2 cell injury model, the experimental results showed that the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation activity was more significant at a high glucose concentration of 60 mmol/L ( P<0.05); High glucose stimulation significantly reduced the expression of miR-126-5p ( P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that compared with the high glucose model group, the apoptosis rate of the si-HOTAIR group significantly decreased ( P<0.05), while the apoptosis rate of the si-HOTAIR+ miR-126-5p inhibitor group significantly increased ( P<0.05). The CCK-8 experiment showed that compared with the high glucose model group, the cell viability of the si-HOTAIR group significantly increased ( P<0.05); The cell viability of the si-HOTAIR+ miR-126-5p inhibitor group was inhibited ( P<0.05). Conclusions:miR-126-5p can inhibit high glucose induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells and protect them.

【Objective】 To analyze the data of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) gene chip using the bioinformatics method, screen differential expression genes (DEGs), and explore the biomarkers related to the prognosis of NSCLC so as to provide a new target for the treatment of NSCLC. 【Methods】 The NSCLC gene chip data were downloaded from the GEO database and the common DEGs in the two datasets were screened by GEO2R tool and FunRich3.1.3 software. The DAVID database was used in GO analysis and KEGG analysis of the DEGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database; Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to select the top 20 hub genes. Then Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to analyze the prognosis of the identified hub genes, and multiple external databases were used to verify the expressions of the hub genes and their relationship with prognosis. 【Results】 A total of 159 intersect DEGs were screened from the two datasets. A total of 20 hub genes were identified via PPI network. Survival analysis and validation results from multiple external databases showed that SPP1 was highly expressed in NSCLC tumor tissues and was significantly correlated with the patients’ poor prognosis (P<0.05). The subgroup analysis showed that SPP1 might cause the poor prognosis by affecting lymph node metastasis. 【Conclusion】 SPP1 may be a biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of NSCLC patients, providing a new idea for the targeted therapy of NSCLC.