With the optimization of surgical technologies and postoperative management regimens, the number of lung transplantation has been significantly increased, which has become an important treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, due to the impact of comprehensive factors, such as bronchial ischemia and immunosuppression, the incidence of airway stenosis after lung transplantation is relatively high, which severely affects postoperative survival and quality of life of lung transplant recipients. In recent years, with the improvement of perioperative management, organ preservation and surgical technologies, the incidence of airway stenosis after lung transplantation has been declined, but it remains at a high level. Early diagnosis and timely intervention play a significant role in enhancing clinical prognosis of patients with airway stenosis. In this article, the general conditions, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of airway stenosis after lung transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for comprehensive management of airway stenosis after lung transplantation and improving clinical prognosis of lung transplant recipients.

Synaptic dysfunction plays an important role in the early stage of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and there are differences in the pattern of synaptic damage in different genotypes. GRN gene mutations are rare in the Chinese population, and there are no reports of synaptic damage patterns in GRN mutations or semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). The synaptic injury characteristics of a patient with svPPA harboring GRN gene mutations, which was characterized by decreased synaptic density in the left frontal, temporal, parietal lobe and contralateral cerebellum were reported in this article. The underlying mechanism of synaptic dysfunction involved in the disease process, and potential targets for future clinical interventions were indicated.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and genetic basis of a child with Disorder of sex development (DSD).Methods:A child who was admitted to the Linyi People′s Hospital for primary amenorrhoea on July 29, 2019 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Chromosomal karyotyping and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect Y chromosome microdeletions and other chromosomal aberrations. Next-generation sequencing was carried out for the child and her parents. Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.Results:The child, a 13-year-old girl, has featured primary amenorrhoea and onset of secondary sex characteristics of males. Ultrasound exam had detected no uterus and definite ovarian structure, but narrow band vaginal hypoecho and curved cavernoid structure. The child was found to have a 46, XY karyotype without an AZF deletion. DNA sequencing revealed that she has harbored a maternally derived c. 323delA (p.Q108Rfs*188) variant in the nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 ( NR5A1) gene, which may result in a truncated protein. The variant was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting+ PP4) based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Conclusion:The NR5A1: c. 323delA variant probably underlay the pathogenesis of 46, XY DSD in this child. The discovery of the novel variant has enriched the mutational spectrum of NR5A1 gene and provided a basis for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prenatal diagnosis.

Objective:To study the risk factors of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) during hospitalization in very preterm infants (VPIs) with birth weight (BW) <1 500 g.Methods:From Jan 2015 to Dec 2020, clinical data of VPIs admitted to neonatal department our hospital were retrospectively studied. The infants were assigned into EUGR group and non-EUGR group according to their weight at discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of EUGR in VPIs.Results:A total of 969 VPIs were enrolled, including 400 cases of EUGR (41.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Z-score of BW ( OR=0.057, 95% CI 0.037-0.088, P<0.001) was closely correlated with the occurrence of EUGR and growth velocity (GV) after regain BW ( OR=0.537, 95% CI 0.479-0.602, P<0.001) was a protective factor for EUGR. Maternal hypertension during pregnancy ( OR=1.895, 95% CI 1.059-3.394, P=0.031), asphyxia at birth ( OR=2.508, 95% CI 1.265-3.347, P=0.004) and moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) ( OR=2.660, 95% CI 1.503-4.708, P=0.001) were risk factors for EUGR at discharge. Conclusions:EUGR is still common in VPIs. Increased GV after regain BW, prevention and treatment of moderate to severe BPD may reduce the incidence of EUGR at discharge in VPIs.

Objective:To investigate the effect of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation on the quality of life and lifestyle changes in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:A total of 135 patients with coronary heart disease who received exercise rehabilitation in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were enrolled in the study. Among them, 63 cases seldom attended (≤12 sessions, low-attending group), 37 cases less frequently attended (13-24 sessions, medium-attending group) and 35 cases attended frequently (≥25 sessions, high-attending group). The clinical data, cardiac rehabilitation, Seattle Angina Scale (SAQ) score and SF-36 quality of life score before and after rehabilitation, and lifestyle changes such as out-of-hospital exercise were documented and compared among the three groups.Results:Compared with baseline, the 5-dimensional scores of SAQ and the 9-dimensional scores of SF-36 (except for role-emotional and health change) were not significantly improved after cardiac rehabilitation in low-attending group ( P>0.05), while the angina stability, angina frequency, treatment satisfaction of SAQ, and bodily pain, health change of SF-36 in medium-attending group were improved ( P<0.05), and both SAQ and SF-36 in high-attending group were increased ( P<0.05). After cardiac rehabilitation, the SAQ and SF-36 scores of patients in high-attending group were significantly higher than those of patients in low-attending group ( P<0.05). The lifestyle was changed in 77.14%(27/35)patients of high-attending group, which was higher and that of low-attending group(38.10%, 24/63) (χ 2=13.74, P<0.001). Conclusion:The outpatient exercise rehabilitation can improve the quality of life and change lifestyle of patients with coronary heart disease; and the effect of rehabilitation is associated with the attending frequency.

Objective: To assess diet-related knowledge and behavior among primary and middle-school students in five cities of Anhui, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies. Methods: A multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 045 students in five cities(Huaibei,Bengbu,Ma anshan,Hefei and Wuhu) of Anhui for a questionnaire survey on nutrition knowledge, diet behavior, food preferences, and diet education. Results: The overall rate of good nutritional awareness was 38.3%; students had the highest rate of awareness on plain water being the healthiest drink(91.6%). The overall rate of healthy food preferences was 51.5%, with milk and dairy products being the highest rated (66.4%). The overall rate of good diet behavior was 85.8%, with eating most meals on time and in appropriate quantities being the highest rated (87.7%). The overall rate of students with good diet education was 25.0%, while the rate of table cleaning was 73.0%. Middle school students had more knowledge of nutrition(χ 2=28.8), while primary school students had better healthy food preferences and diet behaviors(χ 2=31.3，77.6), and girls were more frequently involved in setting and clearing the table(χ 2=12.2)(P<0.05). Conclusion Insufficient nutrition knowledge, clear food preferences, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and a lack of diet education were observed in primary and middle school students in Anhui. Specific nutritional education in school settings should be developed, home school cooperation should be strengthened, and diet education activities should be increased to help primary and middle school students form a healthy lifestyle.

OBJECTIVE：To establish the fingerprint of Jingu tongxiao pill ，and to determine the contents of 7 components. METHODS：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Cosmosil 5C18-MS-Ⅱ column with acetonitrile- 0.02％ phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 230 nm and the column temperature was set at 25 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of Jingu tongxiao pill was established by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition），and common peak was identified by comparing with the mixed reference substance. The contents of corresponding components of the identified common peak were determined by the same HPLC method. RESULTS ：There were 20 common peaks in HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of samples ，and the similarity with the control fingerprint was not less than 0.980. By comparing with the mixed reference substance， 7 components were identified ， which were loganic acid ，gentiopicroside，paeoniflorin，salvianolic acid B ， cryptotanshinone，tanshinone Ⅰ and tanshinone Ⅱ A. The linear range of the above 7 components were 4.509-45.090， 15.090-150.900，14.985-149.850，14.982-149.820，2.967-29.670，1.944-19.440，3.094-30.940 μg/mL（all r＞0.999），respectively. The limits of detection were 0.060 1，0.161 0，0.399 6，0.159 8，0.031 6，0.051 8，0.082 5 μg/mL，respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.200 4，0.503 0，0.999 0，0.399 5，0.079 1，0.259 2，0.412 6 μg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability （24 h） and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3.0％ （n＝6）. Average recoveries were 98.81％ -100.28％ ，RSDs were 0.20％-1.21％（n＝6）. In 10 batches of samples ，the contents of the above 7 components were 0.441 0-0.969 4，3.283 4-4.733 4， 1.947 7-3.674 9，1.336 6-2.270 9，0.293 2-0.372 1，0.190 2-0.293 9 and 0.352 8-0.518 8 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：In this study，HPLC fingerprint and content determination method of Jingu tongxiao pill are successfully established and can be used for quality control.

Objective:To analysis the income and expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant women and the catastrophic health expenditure of their households in high AIDS endemic areas in Liangshan prefecture.Methods:From December 2018 to January 2019, a total of 250 pregnant women were recruited from 2 of 17 counties in Liangshan Prefecture, including 133 HIV-positive pregnant women and 117 HIV-negative pregnant women. The data, including basic information of pregnant women, basic information of the family, annual family income in 2017, annual family health expenditure in 2017, and maternal and child-related expenditure in 2017, were collected for analyzing the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure in the family.Results:The average annual income and average annual health expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant women households were 7 000 CNY and 2 000 CNY, while those of HIV-negative pregnant women households were 10 000 CNY and 3 000 CNY, respectively. Based on the criteria of 15%, 25% and 40%, the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant households was 39.10%, 33.83% and 27.82%, with average differences of 34.84%, 31.17% and 26.65%, respectively, while that of HIV-negative pregnant women households was 38.46%, 33.33% and 23.93%, with average differences of 31.68%, 28.35% and 24.22%, respectively.Conclusion:The incidence of catastrophic health expenditure of pregnant households in high AIDS endemic areas in Liangshan prefecture is high. The incidence of HIV-positive families is slightly higher than that of HIV-negative families. We suggest that medical insurance compensation in Liangshan prefecture should be improved to reduce the impact of catastrophic health expenditure.

Objective:To analysis the income and expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant women and the catastrophic health expenditure of their households in high AIDS endemic areas in Liangshan prefecture.Methods:From December 2018 to January 2019, a total of 250 pregnant women were recruited from 2 of 17 counties in Liangshan Prefecture, including 133 HIV-positive pregnant women and 117 HIV-negative pregnant women. The data, including basic information of pregnant women, basic information of the family, annual family income in 2017, annual family health expenditure in 2017, and maternal and child-related expenditure in 2017, were collected for analyzing the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure in the family.Results:The average annual income and average annual health expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant women households were 7 000 CNY and 2 000 CNY, while those of HIV-negative pregnant women households were 10 000 CNY and 3 000 CNY, respectively. Based on the criteria of 15%, 25% and 40%, the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant households was 39.10%, 33.83% and 27.82%, with average differences of 34.84%, 31.17% and 26.65%, respectively, while that of HIV-negative pregnant women households was 38.46%, 33.33% and 23.93%, with average differences of 31.68%, 28.35% and 24.22%, respectively.Conclusion:The incidence of catastrophic health expenditure of pregnant households in high AIDS endemic areas in Liangshan prefecture is high. The incidence of HIV-positive families is slightly higher than that of HIV-negative families. We suggest that medical insurance compensation in Liangshan prefecture should be improved to reduce the impact of catastrophic health expenditure.

Objective To evaluate the disinfect effects of glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthalaldehyde ( OPA ) and peracetic acid on gastroscopy disinfection. Methods Relevant literature from PubMed, Cochrane Library, web of science, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trials on disinfection by glutaraldehyde, OPA and peracetic acid on gastroscope. Literature was selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The RevMan 5. 3. 4. 0 statistic software was used to extract data and a meta-analysis was performed. Results A total of 18 RCT were included. There were significant differences in the disinfect effects between the OPA group and the glutaraldehyde group ( OR=2. 02, 95％CI:1. 88-1. 27, P<0. 00001), and between the peracetic acid group and the glutaraldehyde group ( OR = 2. 79, 95％CI:1. 52-5. 11, P = 0. 0009 ) . There were no significant differences in the disinfection effect between the OPA group and peracetic acid group ( OR=1. 30,95％CI:0. 62-2. 73, P=0. 49) . Conclusion The disinfect effects of OPA and peracetic acid are similar, which are superior to glutaraldehyde. Compared with OPA and glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid is a better choice considering its good disinfect effect and low cost.