Objective To establish the characteristic spectrum of ginkgo leaf tablets,ginkgo leaf capsules,and ginkgo leaf dropping pills.Methods HPLC-ELSD analysis was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column(150 mm×4.6 mm,2.7 μm)with the methanol-0.1% formic acid as mobile phase at the gradient elution mode,flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1.Results Referring to the reference extract,a total of 12 peaks were established in the characteristic spectrum and selected as the characteristic common peaks.Conclusion The established method was simple and sensitive with good reproducibility,so it could be used to control the quality of ginkgo leaf preparations.

A method of ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( UPLC-Q-TOF MS) was developed to determine 35 kinds of illegally added chemical fungicides in pesticide formulations. The samples were pretreated based on the ultrasonic extraction by the solvent of methanol, and then separated on a Zorbax C18(100 mm×1. 8 mm, 2. 1 μm) column by a gradient elution with 0. 1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The mass spectrometer was operated under positive mode. Under the optimal conditions, the recoveries at three spiked levels (0. 2, 0. 4, and 2. 0 mg/kg) were in the range of 81. 0%-101. 3% and the RSDs were 1. 0%-4. 4%. Based on the developed method, 100 samples were analyzed, and among which 6 samples were screened out chemical fungicides. The proposed method was high-efficient, accurate and reliable for the qualitatively screening of illegaly added chemical fungicides.

Objective To study the clinical management way for HPV+/papanicolaou (Pap)-during cervical cancer screening.Methods To analyze retrospectively the data from the patients who had loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP) for biopsy confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅱ in Peking University People's Hospital from Jan.2010 to Dec.2014.Results (1) For biopsy confirmed CINⅡ,HPV positive rate was 98.5％ (135/137),Pap test positive [≥atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS)] rate was 69.3％ (95/137),there was significant difference between them (x5=43.32,P＜0.01).(2) For the 42 patients with HPV+/Pap-,whose cytology slides were reviewed again.Among them,the interpretations of there were 16 cases confirmed as the same before,while 26 cases were changed to abnormal (≥ASCUS).Cytology be misdiagnosed was 19.0％ (26/137) at the first review.Among the 26 cases,13 (50.0％) cases were missed for the little amount of abnormal cells,8 (30.8％) cases for mild atypical morphology changed;the other 5 (19.2％) cases missed for stain problems.(3) For the cervical LEEP samples,37 cases of the pathology diagnosis were upgrade to CIN Ⅲ+,among them,2 cases of microinvasive cervical carcinoma,1 case of invasive cancer,34 cases of CIN Ⅲ;37 cases were CINⅠ or no lesion found;63 cases were still CIN Ⅱ.Four to six months later after LEEP,the cytology abnormal rate was 11.7％ (16/137),and the HR-HPV positive rate was 34.3％ (47/137).Conclusions Compared with cytology alone,cytology combined with HPV testing increase the sensitivity of cervical high grade lesion.For the cases of HPV+/Pap-cases,the cytology slides should be reviewed.The quality control of cervical exfoliate sample collection and interpretation should be strengthened.LEEP procedure is not only a treatment method,but also it could provide samples to confirm the diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of secondary metabolites of some phenolic acids in the hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza induced by methyl jasmonate.

METHODThe hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were induced with methyl jasmonate (100 micromol x L(-1)) and collected at 0, 12, 24, 36 h after treatment. Real-time quantitative PCR was used for detecting the mRNA expression level of the key enzyme genes on the secondary metabolites pathway of rosmarinic acid, while a LC-MS method was developed to determine the content of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and salvianolic acid B.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe concentration of phenolic acids grew up and accumulated quickly in the hairy roots with exogenous signal molecule MJ induced, and it was showed that the content of CA and RA reached the maximum after 24 h and the content of LAB reached the maximum in 36 h by MJ induced. The induction mechanism may be activated with different levels of RA synthesis in PAL, 4CL, C4H genes on the key enzyme phenylalanine pathway and TAT, HPPR genes on tyrosine pathway. The time of gene expression was different, among them, 4CL and PAL genes were more important. In a word, the result can provide some basis data about the mechanism of secondary metabolites of phenolic acids for further research.

Cyclopentanes ; analysis ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; metabolism ; Oxylipins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism

The paper introduces the current situation and the characteristics of the medicinal plant core collection. It expounds the significance and research methods for the medicinal plant core collection based on molecular phylogeography. Guided by molecular phylogeography, the essay explores the feasibility and methods of medicinal plant core collection for the medicinal plants with rich wild resources and without wild resources. It further forecasts the application of medicinal plant core collection methods on the basis of molecular phylogegraphy.
Chloroplasts ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeography ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; genetics

This paper introduced a new identification method, the 2-dimensional molecular marking method (2-DM), for Chinese materia medica identification. It can be used in genuine/false discriminating and quality evaluating for the Chinese materia medica. Concept, principle and process of 2-DM method were introduced in this paper. The technical advantages and contributions of 2-DM method in the study of Chinese materia medica were also discussed. Generally speaking, the occurring of 2-DM method would not only expand connotation of identification of Chinese materia medica but provide another effective way for quality evaluating.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

The application of elicitors, which is currently the focus of research, has been considered as one of the most effective methods to improve the synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Biotic and abiotic elicitors can regulate the secondary metabolic pathways of effective ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza. This paper has introduced the research progress about the induction and the regulation mechanism of S. miltiorrhiza by elicitors.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo identify endophytic fungi bn12 from Cinnamomum camphora chvar, borneol and analysis its volatile metabolites.

METHODThe endophytic fungi bn12 was identified by morphological observation. volatile metabolites of endophytic fungi bn12 was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrography (GC-MS).

RESULTVolatile metabolites of endophytic fungi bn12 contain borneol and much indoles. The ITS sequence of endophytic fungi bnl2 is most similar to the ITS sequence of pleosporaceae fungus, particularly C. nisikadoi.

CONCLUSIONEndophytic fungi bn12 is belong to pleosporaceae fungus. It has the ability of producing broneol.

Bornanes ; analysis ; Cinnamomum camphora ; microbiology ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Endophytes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fungi ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Phylogeny ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; analysis

To find the identification method of seeds from different locations, we analyzed the SDS-PAGE electrophoretogram of Magnolia officinalis seeds from 5 different locations of Enshi district, Hubei province, the genuine producing area of M. officinalis, and compared band numbers, band intensity and protein molecular weight of different locations. The result showed that there were significant differences among seeds from different locations. 9 bands with the molecular weight about 80.34, 63.07, 56.48, 51.32, 40.64, 25.18, 22.63, 21.70, 18.14 kDa were involved in all seeds electrophoretograms and could be as standard bands of M. officinalis seeds. Seeds from Badong county, Jianshi county and Enshi city had their own special bands which were very different from other locations. So this electrophresis method can be applied to identify different locations of M. officinalis seeds.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Magnolia ; chemistry ; Molecular Weight ; Plant Proteins ; analysis ; Seeds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo provide the basis for improving utilization of Artemisia annua germplasm resources and breeding variety, the interrelations between artemisinin content, artemisinin yield and agronomic traits of A. annua were studied.

METHODThe artemisinin content and each agronomic trait of 63 A. annua germplasm resources were measured by the visual observation and measurement methods. And the correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis were adopted.

RESULTThe result showed that there were significant differences in the artemisinin content and yield of 63 germplasm resources from the main production region of A. annua. Correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlation between leaf weight and artemisinin yield with stem and branch characters, but there were negative correlation between artemisinin content with leaf characters of A. annua plant. The artemisinin content of A. annua increased with the increasing of primary branch number, bottom secondary branch number, and bottom stem diameter, etc. On the other hand, it decreased with the increasing of top secondary branch number, secondary leaf axis length, and bottom branch diameter, etc. The artemisinin yield of A. annua increased with the increasing of artemisinin content, leaf weight, and bottom secondary branch number, etc., and decreased with the increasing of bottom branch diameter, middle secondary branch number, and stem weight, etc. Path analysis showed that the primary branch number and bottom secondary branch number had a direct positive effect on the artemisinin content of A. annua. But the top secondary branch number had a direct negative effect on the artemisinin content of A. annua. The leaf weight and artemisinin content had a direct positive effect on the artemisinin yield and the ratio of leaf/stem, branch weight and stem weight had a direct negative effect.

CONCLUSIONOn the breeding A. annua variety, it can take into account both high leaf yield and high artemisinin content. And it was strongly recommend that the plant with moderate plant height and crown, shortness pinnae and secondary leaf axis, less middle and top secondary branch, strong stem, higher primary branch number and bottom secondary branch number, and higher ratio leaf/stem could be selected for breeding new varieties with high leaf yield and high artemisinin content.

Artemisia annua ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Artemisinins ; analysis ; Biomass ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; growth & development