BACKGROUND:Nano-zirconium dioxide has good application potential in the field of bone tissue repair.Studying the effect of nano-zirconium dioxide on osteogenic differentiation will help to promote the clinical application of nano-zirconium dioxide in the treatment of bone defects. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of nano-zirconium dioxide on the osteogenic differentiation of ectomesenchymal stem cells in the nasal mucosa. METHODS:Ectomesenchymal stem cells derived from rat nasal mucosa were isolated and cultured,and the biotoxicity of nano-zirconium dioxide to the cells was detected by CCK-8 assay.The biosafety concentration was selected according to the cytotoxicity,and the cells were randomly divided into a control group,a nano-zirconium dioxide group,and a nano-hydroxyapatite group.Osteogenic differentiation of cells was directionally induced in each group.On day 7 of induced differentiation,alkaline phosphatase staining was performed.qRT-PCR and western blot assay were used to detect the expression of early osteogenic markers(Runx2 and Osx).On day 21 of induced differentiation,alizarin red staining was conducted.qRT-PCR and western blot assay were utilized to determine the expression levels of late osteogenic markers(OPN and OCN). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The median lethal concentration of nano-zirconium dioxide on ectomesenchymal stem cells in nasal mucosa was 0.6 mg/mL.In the experiment,the mass concentration of 200 μg/mL was selected for intervention.Zirconium dioxide had no significant effect on the proliferation of the cells.(2)Compared with the control group,the alkaline phosphatase staining of the cells in the nano-zirconium dioxide group was more obvious and the level of cell mineralization was higher,but there was no significant difference compared with the nano-hydroxyapatite.(3)Compared with the control group,the expression of bone-related genes and proteins increased significantly,but there was no significant difference compared with nano-hydroxyapatite.(4)The results show that nano-zirconium dioxide has good biological safety and can promote the osteogenic differentiation of ectomesenchymal stem cells in the nasal mucosa.This promoting effect is equivalent to that of nano-hydroxyapatite.

Tuberculosis （TB） and human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immune deficiency syndrome （HIV/AIDS） are both serious global public health threats. Early detection of infected persons and/or patients through TB/HIV bi-directional screening is crucial for prevention and control strategy in China and globally. In recent years， with the promotion and application of new TB and HIV detection technologies worldwide， TB/HIV bi-directional screening technologies and strategies have made remarkable changes. This expert consensus introduces the significance and challenges of TB/HIV bi-directional screening， summarizes important progress of research and applications， and makes recommendations on screening measures and procedures to further strengthen TB/HIV bi-directional screening in China.

The new-generation non-invasive prenatal screening technology (NIPT2.0) is a new method successfully realized in recent years based on high-throughput sequencing to synchronously and accurately detect fetal chromosomal aneuploidies, microdeletion/microduplication syndromes and dominantly inherited monogenic disorders. NIPT2.0 can circumvent the shortcomings of previous non-invasive prenatal screening techniques (NIPT and NIPT Plus) including incapability to detect fetal monogenic disorders, insufficient accuracy of detection and low positive predictive values for certain chromosomal abnormalities (in particular trisomy 13, sex chromosomal abnormalities, and small-segment microdeletions and microduplication syndromes). How to apply NIPT2.0 reasonably and normatively to maximize its clinical value has become an issue which requires clarification. The Reproductive Health Branch of the Chinese Maternal and Child Health Care Association has organized experts to fully discuss and jointly drafted this consensus, which has put forwards suggestions over the clinical application strategy for NIPT2.0, including the scope of application, target disease, pre-test consultation, clinical application pathway, post-test genetic counseling and intervention, quality control and limitations, for the reference by peers, with a view to standardize its application and provide better clinical service.

Objective:To explore the effects of G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) antagonist CID16020046 on renal fibrosis in mice, and provide a new method and idea for the treatment of renal fibrosis.Methods:(1) GPR55 overexpression and GPR55 antagonist CID16020046 were used in renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) of rats, respectively. Meanwhile,transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was applied in the NRK-49F cells to observe the expression of fibrosis-related factors and inflammatory factors. (2) A mouse model of renal fibrosis with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established in vivo. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (20-25 g) were randomly divided into three groups according to the random number table method: sham group ( n=6), model group (UUO group, n=7), model + CID16020046 drug (UUO+CID group, n=8). The drug CID16020046 (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 1 day before modeling, on the day of modeling and every day after surgery in UUO+CID group, and the corresponding dose of 0.9% normal saline was injected intraperitoneally in sham and UUO groups.The mice were sacrificed for sampling 7 days after UUO surgery, and their renal function indicators, liver transaminase, and cardiac markers were examined. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of renal fibrosis-related factors and inflammatory factors. Immunohistochemistry staining, Sirius red staining and Masson trichrome staining were used to detect the pathological changes of renal tissues. Results:(1) After NRK-49F cells were stimulated by TGF-β1, the mRNA and protein expression levels of GPR55 were significantly increased (both P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mRNA expression of fibrosis-related factors fibronectin and collagen Ⅰ, and inflammatory factors interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α between TGF-β1 group and TGF-β1 + GPR55 overexpression group (all P>0.05). Compared with the TGF-β1 group, the protein expression levels of fibrosis-related factors alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin, and the mRNA expression levels of collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA were lower in the TGF-β1 + CID group (all P<0.05). (2) Compared with sham group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of GPR55 in UUO group were higher (both P<0.05). The serum creatinine in the UUO+CID group was lower compared to the UUO group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzyme between UUO group and UUO+CID group (all P>0.05). Compared with the UUO group, the protein expression levels of renal fibrosis-related factors fibronectin, collagen Ⅰ and vimentin, and the mRNA expression levels of fibronectin, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and α-SMA were lower in the UUO+CID group (all P<0.05). The degree of renal tubular dilation and interstitial collagen fiber deposition in the UUO+CID group was significantly reduced compared to the UUO group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:CID16020046 can reduce serum creatinine in UUO mice, protect renal function, and simultaneously decrease the expression of fibrosis-related factors in renal fibroblasts and mouse kidney tissues, thereby alleviating renal fibrosis.

The wide use of crystalline silicon solar cells in the field of new energy is an important boost for China to achieve the environmental protection goal as soon as possible. However, the production and manufacturing processes of these cells give rise to various occupational hazards at workplace, thus posing health risks to workers. This review provided an overview of production processes of crystalline silicon solar cells, the characteristics of occupational health hazards (productive dust; physical factors, productive toxicant) and proposed occupational protection suggestions.

Objective:To discuss the effect of Boschnikia rossica polysaccharides rapa polysaccharides(BRPS)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in the THP-1 macrophages,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:The THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into the macrophages,and the inflammation model was established using LPS to induce the THP-1 macrophages.CCK-8 method was used to detect the survial rates of the THP-1 macrophages after treated with different concentrations(0,100,200,500,1 000,and 2 000 μg·L-1)of LPS and different concentrations(0,12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0,and 200.0 mg·L-1)of BRPS to select the concentrations for the subsequent experiments.The THP-1 macrophages were divided into blank group,model group,low dose of BRPS group(25.0 mg·L-1 BRPS),medium dose of BRPS group(50.0 mg·L-1 BRPS),and high dose of BRPS group(100.0 mg·L-1 BRPS).P38 inhibitor SB203580,ERK inhibitor U0126,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)inhibitor SP600125,and nuclear factor of kappa B(NF-κB)inhibitor BAY11-7082 were used to verify the effects on THP-1 cells.The THP-1 cells were divided into control group,LPS group,inhibitor group,100.0 mg·L-1 BRPS group,and inhibitor+100.0 mg·L-1 BRPS group.ELISA method was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1β in culture fluid of the THP-1 macrophages in various groups;DCFH-DA fluorescence probe method was used to detect the reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the THP-1 macrophages in various groups;Hoechst33342/PI fluorescence staining method was used to detect the membrane damage in the THP-1 macrophages in various groups;JC-1 fluorescence staining was used to observe mitochondrial membrane potential in the THP-1 macrophages in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1),NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain assciated protein 3(NLRP3),cysteinyl aspartate specific protease(Caspase)-1,gasdermin D(GSDMD)-N,IL-1β,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)related proteins in the THP-1 macrophages in various groups.Results:The CCK-8 method results showed that when the LPS concentration was 100-2 000 μg·L-1,the survival rates of the THP-1 macrophages were over 90%.Compared with 0 μg·L-1 LPS group,the IL-6 levels in culture fluid of the THP-1 macrophages in 100,200,500,1 000,and 2 000 μg·L-1 LPS group were increased(P<0.05),indicating a significant enhancement of the inflammatory response in the macrophages,so 100 μg·L-1 LPS was used to construct the inflammation model.After treated with 12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0,and 200.0 mg·L-1 BRPS,the survival rates of the THP-1 macrophage were 91.2%,93.8%,91.4%,90.6%,and 91.8%,respectively,so 25.0,50.0,and 100.0 mg·L-1 BRPS were selected as the drug concentrations for low,medium,and high doses of BRPS groups in the subsequent experiments.The ELISA results showed that compared with blank group,the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in culture fluid of the THP-1 macrophages in model group were increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in low,medium,and high doses of BRPS groups were decreased(P<0.05).The DCFH-DA fluorescence probe method results showed that compared with blank group,the ROS level in the THP-1 macrophages in model group was increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the ROS levels in low,medium,and high doses of BRPS groups were decreased(P<0.05).The Hoechst33342/PI fluorescence staining results showed that compared with blank group,the degree of membrane damage in the THP-1 macrophages in model group was increased;compared with model group,the degrees of membrane damage in low,medium,and high doses of BRPS groups were decreased.The JC-1 fluorescence staining results showed that compared with blank group,the mitochondrial membrane potential in the THP-1 macrophages in model group was decreased significantly;compared with model group,the mitochondrial membrane potential in low,medium,and high doses of BRPS groups were increased gradually.The Western blotting results showed that compared with blank group,the expression levels of COX-2,HMGB1,NLRP3,Caspase 1,GSDMD-N,and IL-1β proteins and the ratios of p-P38/P38,p-ERK/ERK,p-JNK/JNK,and p-NF-κB/NF-κB in the THP-1 macrophages in model group were increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of HMGB1,NLRP3,Caspase-1,GSDMD-N,and IL-1β proteins and the ratios of p-P38/P38,p-ERK/ERK,p-JNK/JNK,and p-NF-κB/NF-κB in the THP-1 macrophages in medium and high doses of BRPS groups were decreased(P<0.05),the expression levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β proteins in the cells in low dose of BRPS group were decreased(P<0.05),the expression level of COX-2 protein in the cells in high dose of BRPS group was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the ratios of p-P38/P38,p-ERK/ERK,p-JNK/JNK,and p-NF-κB/NF-κB,and the expression level of IL-1β protein in the THP-1 macrophages in LPS group were increased(P<0.05);compared with LPS group,the ratios of p-P38/P38,p-ERK/ERK,p-JNK/JNK,and p-NF-κB/NF-κB,and the expression level of IL-1β protein in the THP-1 macrophages in inhibitor group,100 mg·L-1 BRPS group,and inhibitor+100 mg·L-1 BRPS group were decreased(P<0.05);compared with inhibitor group,the ratios of p-P38/P38,p-ERK/ERK,p-JNK/JNK,and p-NF-κB/NF-κB in the THP-1 macrophages in inhibitor+100 mg·L-1 BRPS group were decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:BRPS inhibits the inflammatory response of the THP-1 macrophages,which may be related to the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways regulated by BRPS.

The wide use of crystalline silicon solar cells in the field of new energy is an important boost for China to achieve the environmental protection goal as soon as possible. However, the production and manufacturing processes of these cells give rise to various occupational hazards at workplace, thus posing health risks to workers. This review provided an overview of production processes of crystalline silicon solar cells, the characteristics of occupational health hazards (productive dust; physical factors, productive toxicant) and proposed occupational protection suggestions.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 (OH) D3), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and glycolipid metabolism in patients with diabetes 2 mellitus (T2DM), as well as their predictive value in retinopathy.Methods:A total of 120 T2DM patients admitted to Linyi Central Hospital of Shandong Province from Oct. 2020 to Oct.r 2023 were selected as the study objects (defined as the study group). Another 120 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Serum 25 (OH) D3, IGF-1, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h plasma glucose (2 hPG) ) and lipid levels (triglycerides) were compared between the two groups. The levels of TG, total cholesterol (TC) and serum 25 (OH) D3 and IGF-1 were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. At the same time, the patients in the study group were divided into diabetic group with retinopathy (DR Group, 40 cases) and non-retinopathy group (NDR group, 80 cases) according to the status of retinopathy. Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the occurrence of retinopathy in T2DM patients, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of serum 25 (OH) D3 and IGF-1 levels in the occurrence of retinopathy in T2DM patients.Results:The level of serum 25 (OH) D3 was (36.15±4.25) nmol/L in the study group, lower than that in the control group (51.24±5.32) nmol/L ( P<0.05), and the level of IGF-1 was (30.26±4.52) mg/L was in the study group, higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The levels of FBG, 2 hPG, TG and TC in the study group were (8.67±2.52) mmol/L, (11.36±2.43) mmol/L, (2.05±0.72) mmol/L, (5.05±1.54) mmol/L respectively, higher than those in the control group [ (5.02±0.42) mmol/L, (6.32±0.54) mmol/L, (1.21±0.32) mmol/L, (3.42±0.68) mmol/L] ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum 25 (OH) D3 levels were negatively correlated with FBG, 2 hPG, TG and TC levels in T2DM patients ( r=-0.762, -0.782, -0.736, -0.721, P<0.05). Serum IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with the levels of FBG, 2 hPG, TG and TC in T2DM patients ( r=0.741, 0.756, 0.715, 0.698, P<0.05). Family history of diabetes in DR group, FBG, 2 hPG, TG, TC, IGF-1 levels was 35.00%, (9.31±2.49) mmol/L, (12.52±2.34) mmol/L, (2.76±0.61) mmol/L, (5.92±1.42) mmol/L, (37.89±4.41) mg/L respectively, higher than those in NDR group [16.25%, (8.35±2.15) mmol/L, (10.78±1.75) mmol/L, (1.69±0.52) mmol/L, (4.62±1.31) mmol/L, (26.45±4.06) mg/L] ( P<0.05). 25 (OH) D3 in DR group was (30.21±3.51) nmol/L, lower than that in NDR group (39.12±3.85) nmol/L ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that family history of diabetes mellitus, duration of diabetes mellitus, 25 (OH) D3, IGF-1, FBG, 2hPG, TG and TC levels were all risk factors for the occurrence of retinopathy in elderly T2DM patients ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that AUC and sensitivity of 25 (OH) D3 and IGF-1 combined to predict retinopathy in elderly T2DM patients were 0.854 and 92.50%, respectively, higher than that of 25 (OH) D3 and IGF-1 alone ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Serum 25 (OH) D3 and IGF-1 levels are abnormally expressed in elderly patients with T2DM, and there is a close relationship between glucose and lipid metabolism in elderly patients with T2DM, and the combined detection of these indicators has a higher predictive value for the occurrence of DR In elderly patients with T2DM.

Objective:To analyze the differential expressions of proteins in aqueous humor in patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS).Methods:A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Hotan District from June 2020 to January 2021, including 10 patients with age-related cataract and 10 XFS patients combined with cataract, which were classified as cataract group and XFS group, respectively.A total of 50 to 100 μl aqueous humor was obtained in the middle of the anterior chamber through the intraoperative phacoemulsification channel.The proteins extracted from aqueous humor were analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics technology.The cataract group was set as the control group, and the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in XFS group were screened according to P<0.05 and fold change >1.5.Gene ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analysis were used to explore the function and regulatory signaling pathways of DEPs in the XFS group.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.2020KY[L]-21).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject. Results:In comparison with the cataract group, 25 DEPs were identified in the XFS group, primarily involved in cell adhesion, receptor, hydrolase, and molecular transport.Specifically, there were 14 down-regulated proteins including complement factor H-related protein 1 (CFHR1), endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5), biglycan (BGN), FRAS1-related extracellular matrix protein 2 (FREM2), hemoglobin subunit delta (HBD), hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 (HBG1), lysosomal thioesterase PPT2 (PPT2) etc., and 11 up-regulated proteins including latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 2 (LTBP2), very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), laminin subunit alpha-2 (LAMA2), coagulation factor Ⅸ (F9).Among them, FREM2 was the most significantly differentially expressed protein in XFS group with consistent expression levels across individual samples.GO analysis revealed that these DEPs mainly localized to the extracellular matrix of collagen, bound globin-hemoglobin complex, plasma lipoprotein particles and lysosomes.Molecular functions and biological processes showed that HBD and HBG1 were involved in cellular detoxification, PPT2 in hydrolase activity, and BGN and LTBP2 in glycosaminoglycan binding.KEGG signaling pathway analysis indicated that CFHR1 and F9 were associated with complement and coagulation cascade pathways, and FREM2 and LAMA2 were linked to the extracellular matrix interaction pathway.Conclusions:Disease progression of XFS may be associated with changes in extracellular matrix proteins, disruption of the blood-aqueous humor barrier, and potential inflammatory responses.The significant down-regulation of FREM2 protein may be a potential biomarker for XFS.

Objective:To explore the real experience of parturients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta increta undergoing cesarean section from diagnosis to childbirth, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment and nursing decision-making.Methods:This study was a qualitative study. From November 2022 to January 2023, purposive sampling was used to select 13 parturients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta increta in the Department of Obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University for semi-structured in-depth interviews. After collecting and organizing interview data, the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the data, in order to understand the real experiences of parturients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta increta undergoing cesarean section.Results:The real experience of parturients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta increta undergoing cesarean section was extracted into three themes and 12 sub-themes. The first theme was the difficulties in seeking medical advice, with a complex and tortuous inner experience (the sub-themes include the unknown and fear in the early stages of diagnosis, the difficult struggle to make medical decisions, the arduous journey to protect the fetus, the physical and mental pain during the perioperative period, the joy of being born in a desperate situation, and concerns about the newborn and the new family pattern). The second theme was the personal positive coping experience during pregnancy and childbirth (the sub-themes include actively seeking disease information and professional support, quickly changing roles and completing role adaptation, evoking past experiences and reflecting resilient multipara traits). The third theme was to effectively utilize family social support (the sub-themes include trust and compliance with medical institutions to meet disease diagnosis and treatment needs, receiving professional guidance from medical and nursing staff to eliminate negative psychology and meet knowledge needs, benefiting from spouse and family support to meet life and emotional needs) .Conclusions:Parturients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta increta undergoing cesarean section can actively cope with the disease during pregnancy and childbirth, but still have negative emotions. Medical and nursing staff should promptly anticipate potential risks, provide correct information, professional guidance, and assistance to pregnant and postpartum women and their families, and eliminate their negative psychology among them.