Objective: To understand the level of compassion satisfaction of medical oncology nurses and to explore the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between empathy ability and compassion satisfaction of medical oncology nurses, and to investigate the moderating effect of social support in this mediating role. Methods: A total of 291 medical oncology nurses from 7 general hospitals in Dalian were measured with self-made general questionnaire, professional quality of life scale, Chinese version of Jefferson empathy scale, perceived social support scale and Ego-Resiliency Scale. Results: The scores of compassion satisfaction of medical oncology nurses was (34.79±5.87).Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between empathy, resilience, social support and compassion satisfaction (r=0.222-0.402, P<0.01). Resilience partially mediated the relationship between empathy ability and compassion satisfaction, the value of mediating effect was 23.1% of the total effect. The effect of resilience and compassion satisfaction among medical oncology nurses was also moderated by social support, that is, social support regulates the latter half of the process of empathy, resilience and compassion satisfaction. The higher the level of social support, the stronger the mediating effect of empathy through resilience on compassion satisfaction. Conclusions The level of compassion satisfaction of medical oncology nurses in Dalian is low and needs to be improved. The are close relationships among empathy ability, resilience, social support and compassion satisfaction. It is a moderated mediating effect model. It is suggested that managers should pay attention to the role of psychological resilience and provide high-level social support to improve the level of compassion satisfaction of medical oncology nurses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of human CCR1 (hCCR1) gene overexpression on the migration of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) towards hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to examine the application prospects of MSCs as gene delivery vectors in the treatment of HCC. Methods: The hCCR1 gene was subcloned into a lentiviral vector to generate the recombinant plasmid pLV-hCCR1. The pLV-hCCR1 plasmid and two other packaging plasmids were co-transfected into 293T cells using calcium phosphate, and the virus-containing supernatant was collected. hMSCs were then infected with the recombinant lentivirus, and the expression of hCCR1 mRNA and protein was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The effect of CCR1 gene overexpression on the in vitro migration of hMSCs was examined using the Transwell migration assay. Orthotopic nude mice models of HCC were established using the MHCC-97H-GFP cell line, and the mice were divided into two groups (n = 8 per group). hMSCs were then intravenously injected via the tail vein into the tumor-bearing nude mice to examine the effect of hCCR1 overexpression on the in vivo migration of hMSCs towards HCC. Unpaired Student’s t-test was used for two-group comparisons, and one-way ANOVA was used for multi-group comparisons. Results: Restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing demonstrated that the recombinant plasmid pLV-hCCR1 was constructed successfully. The LV-hCCR1 lentivirus packaged by 293T cells has high infection efficiency in hMSCs, and hCCR1 was overexpressed in hMSCs after LV-hCCR1 infection. Transwell migration assay showed that hCCR1-transfected hMSCs had significantly enhanced migration towards HCC cell line-derived condition medium (CM) compared with the control RFP-hMSCs [(134.8±15.7)/LPF vs (83.5±10.9)/LPF, t = 10.40, P < 0.01]. In vivo migration experiment also demonstrated that there was significantly higher number of hCCR1-hMSCs localized within the MHCC-97H-GFP xenografts than hMSCs-RFP on day 14 following intravenous injection of hMSCs in mice [(86.7±14.1)/HPF vs (54.5±9.6)/HPF, t = -7.32, P < 0.01]. Conclusion Overexpression of CCR1 gene can significantly enhance the migration capacity of hMSCs towards HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. This study provides evidence for potential clinical application of MSCs as more effective delivery vehicles in cancer gene therapy.

Theileria annulata is a tick-borne intracellular protozoan parasite that causes tropical theileriosis, a fatal bovine lymphoproliferative disease. The parasite predominantly invades bovine B lymphocytes and macrophages and induces host cell transformation by a mechanism that is not fully comprehended. Analysis of signaling pathways by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) could be a highly efficient means to understand this transformation mechanism. However, accurate analysis of qPCR data relies on selection of appropriate reference genes for normalization, yet few papers on T. annulata contain evidence of reference gene validation. We therefore used the geNorm and NormFinder programs to evaluate the stability of 5 candidate reference genes; 18S rRNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ACTB (β-actin), PRKG1 (protein kinase cGMP-dependent, type I) and TATA box binding protein (TBP). The results showed that 18S rRNA was the reference gene most stably expressed in bovine PBMCs transformed and non-transformed with T. annulata, followed by GAPDH and TBP. While 18S rRNA and GAPDH were the best combination, these 2 genes were chosen as references to study signaling pathways involved in the transformation mechanism of T. annulata.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/parasitology ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cells/*parasitology ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Host-Parasite Interactions/*genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*veterinary ; Reproducibility of Results ; Signal Transduction/*genetics ; Theileria annulata/physiology ; Theileriasis/*physiopathology

In order to determine the effect of various hosts on feeding performance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, we used 3 mammalian species as hosts, cattle (Qinchuan), sheep (T an), and rabbits (Japanese white rabbit) for infest-ing ticks. Five hundreds of R. microplus larvae were exposed to each animal (3 animals/host species). Tick recoveries were 11.0%, 0.47%, and 5.5% from cattle, sheep, and rabbits, respectively. The averages of tick feeding periods were not significantly different on cattle, sheep, and rabbits, 28.8, 25.3, and 26.7 days, respectively. The average weights of individual engorged female from cattle, sheep, and rabbits were 312.5, 219.1, and 130.2 mg, respectively and those of egg mass weights each to 85.0, 96.6, and 17.8 mg. The highest egg hatching rate was in the ticks from cattle (96.0%), fol-lowed by those from rabbits (83.0%) and sheep (19.2%). These data suggest that rabbits could be as an alternative host to cultivate R. microplus for evaluating vaccines and chemical and biological medicines against the tick in the laboratory, although the biological parameters of ticks were less than those from cattle.
Animals ; Cattle* ; Female ; Humans ; Larva ; Ovum ; Rabbits* ; Rhipicephalus* ; Sheep* ; Ticks ; Vaccines ; Weights and Measures

Objective To investigate the level of innovation ability and learning proactivity in nursing students, and to analyze the correlation between them. Methods A total of 260 grade 2010—2013 nursing students were recruited in this study by random sampling method. They were investigated with the test of self innovation level scale and learning proactivity scale. Results The average score of innovation ability was (63. 04 ± 10. 99), and the average score of learning proactivity was (72. 96 ± 6. 17) in nursing students;the male nursing students in learning driving force dimension was significantly higher than that of the female nursing students (P<0. 05); the rural students in learning initiative and learning objective dimension score were significantly higher than those of urban students as well as learning driving force (P<0. 05). Students with high innovation had higher total learning initiative scores, learning goals, learning control and solid learning dimension than students with low innovation ability (P <0. 05). The innovation ability of nursing students had significantly positive correlation with learning initiative score and learning goals, learning control and solid learning three dimensions (r=0. 272,0. 153,0. 243,0. 398;P <0. 05). Conclusions It is suggested to pay attention to improving learning proactivity of nursing students, which contributes to innovation ability.

Objective To explore the effect of research practical teaching mode on the critical thinking ability and innovation ability of nursing in the course of community nursing teaching.Methods The research practical teaching was provided for 90 nursing students.They were investigated with the WatsonGlaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) and the test of self innovation level scale before and after teaching.Results After the teaching,the total score of critical thinking and the score of innovation ability among nursing students were significantly improved.the recognition hypothesis,deduction, explanation,evaluation discussed dimensions were statistically significant,but before and after teaching reasoningdimensions showed no significant difference.Conclusions Research practical teaching mode can improve critical thinking ability and innovation ability of nursing students in the course of community nursing teaching.

Objective To discuss the effectiveness of implementation of blending learning in teaching of Fundamental of Nursing.Methods 234 nursing undergraduates were divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group adopted blending learning method,while the control group used traditional teaching method.The final term exam and technical test results were compared between two groups.Results Students' practice scores in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group.In the experimental group,about 90.2％ undergraduates accessed learning resources through online teaching platform,82.4％ students considered that their nursing skills improved and 78.4％ students thought that their self-learning capacity strengthened.Conclusions Blending learning gives students a potential time,environment and recourse to learn.By integrating in-class and after-class studying,undergraduates' self-learning ability and nursing skills improved.

Species identification using DNA sequences is the basis for DNA taxonomy. In this study, we sequenced the ribosomal large-subunit RNA gene sequences (3,037-3,061 bp) in length of 13 Chinese Theileria stocks that were infective to cattle and sheep. The complete 28S rRNA gene is relatively difficult to amplify and its conserved region is not important for phylogenetic study. Therefore, we selected the D2-D3 region from the complete 28S rRNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Our analyses of 28S rRNA gene sequences showed that the 28S rRNA was useful as a phylogenetic marker for analyzing the relationships among Theileria spp. in ruminants. In addition, the D2-D3 region was a short segment that could be used instead of the whole 28S rRNA sequence during the phylogenetic analysis of Theileria, and it may be an ideal DNA barcode.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics ; Ruminants ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary ; Theileria/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Theileriasis/*parasitology

Objective To make certain about the phase of time from the culminated point of instantaneous accelerating wave intensity (W1) to that of instantaneous decelerating wave intensity (W2) wave intensity(WI) technique. Methods The ejection time of the curve of Doppler rate of flow in aortic opens and W1～W2 of common carotid arteries of both sides were detected in 66 healthy adults by Prosound α10 color Doppler ultrasound and the data were contrasted and analyzed. Results There were no statistical significances in the standardized value difference of ejection time of aorta and of time from starting point of W1 to culminated point of W2 in common carotid arteries of both sides (P>0.05). And there were all statistical significances in the standardized value difference of ejection time of aorta and of time in other groups (P<0. 001). Conclusions The ejection time is the time from starting point of W1 to culminated point of W2. The beginning of cardiac ejection should be the starting point of W1 curve,and the culminated point of W2 is the terminal time of ejection.

Objective To explore the generalization and application of R-W1 through the phase analysis of Wave intensity technique.Methods The phases of R-W1 of 66 healthy adults were detected by Aloka Prosound α10 color Doppler uhrasound.Results There were all statistical significances in the time difference of R-W1 in left and right common carotid arteries and right brachial artery(P＜0.01),in the pressure wave conductive time in left and right common carotid arteries(P＜0.05),in right brachial artery and both sides of common carotid arteries(P＜0.01).There were no statistical significances in the time from the starting point to the culminate point of W1 in left and right common carotid arteries.There were statistical significances in the time from the starting point to the culminate point of W1 in right brachial artery and both sides of common carotid arteries(P＜0.05).Conclusions"R-W1 almost equals to pre-ejection period"as reported by literatures actually involves three phases which respectively are isovolumetric contraction time of left ventricle,pressure wave conductive time and time from the starting point to the culminate point of W1.The factor of pressure wave conductive time should be considered when evaluating diseases in clinic.The pre-ejection time should be the time from the culminate point of R wave in ECG to the starting point of W1 and the time from the starting point to the culminate point of W1 should not be involved in.