Objective:To discover the effective terpenoids in Xinjiang Pleurotus ferulae with the activity of anti-esophageal carcinoma. Method:By screening the activity of human esophageal cancer Eca109 cells， the ethyl acetate extract phase of P. ferulae ethanol extract （PFEP-E） was separated and purified by silica gel chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q/TOF-MS） combined with online network databases such as Metlin， MassBank， PubChem and related literature were used to identify the effective elution sites and analyze their contents. Result:The elution fraction （Fr_2-3∶1） of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate （3∶1） on the silica gel column had the strongest inhibitory activity on the proliferation of human esophageal cancer Eca109 cells. The component analysis showed that 24 effective terpenoids were identified under positive ion mode， and 28 effective terpenoids were identified under negative ion mode， a total of 52 terpenoids were identified， which were isolated from this edible fungus for the first time. Content of total terpenoids in Fr_2-3∶1 were 62.88 mg·g^-1， including 2 monoterpenoids， 5 sesquiterpenoids， 15 diterpenoids and 30 triterpenoids， accounting for 1.32%， 12.04%， 47.55%， 39.09% of the total terpenoids， respectively. Diterpenoids and triterpenoids were the main components of the effective terpenoids in P. ferulae， accounting for 86.64% of the total terpenoids. Gibberellins were the main diterpenoids， accounting for 79.70% of the total diterpenoids， triterpenoids were mainly ganoderic acids， accounting for 29.25% of the total triterpenoids. The results of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） test showed that gibberellin A₃ and gibberellin A₅ had weak anti-esophageal cancer activity， while gypsogenin and oleanolic acid had strong anti-esophageal cancer activity. Conclusion:The effective terpenoids of P. ferulae against esophageal cancer are triterpenoids mainly composed of ganoderic acids， which can provide theoretical basis for the development of terpenoids of P. ferulae as anti-tumor drugs and the development of functional foods， and help to effectively improve the additional output value of P. ferulae.