Objective: To explore the relative importance of different food attributes and levels in food decision making of school aged children, and to understand their meal preferences, so as to provide the evidence for formulating precise intervention strategies for dietary behaviours of school aged children. Methods: From May to June 2024, a total of 854 children aged 11 to 15 years old were selected from 2 middle schools (each school in urban and rural areas) in both Hubei Province and Anhui Province by stratified cluster random sampling method to conduct a D-optimal discrete choice experiment. The mixed Logit model was used to analyze children s preference for meal attributes and different levels, and to calculate the relative importance (RI) of attributes and willingness to pay (WTP) in meal choices. Results: The included five food attributes had statistical significance on meal choice of school aged children ( P <0.05). The relative importance of food attributes affecting the meal choices of school aged children in descending order were dining mode ( RI =31.26%), food varieties ( RI =30.56%), cooking method( RI =23.84%), taste( RI =8.06%) and price ( RI =6.27%). Among them, school aged children preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.74) (WTP=86.3 yuan),varied foods(grain/tubers+vegetables+fish, meat, eggs and beans) ( β =0.61) (WTP=71.9 yuan), fried/roasted cooking ( β =0.51) and spicy taste ( β =0.33).Price was negatively correlated with meal choices( β =-0.01) ( P <0.05). Based on residential area and body mass index (BMI), the stratified analysis showed that dining mode was highest in the relative importance for rural children with overweight and obese children ( RI =31.28%,34.17%), both of whom preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.76, 0.91), and meals containing fish, meat, eggs and beans with grain/tubers or grain/tubers and vegetables in terms of food choice (area: β =0.53, 0.53 ; BMI: β =0.55, 0.56) ( P <0.05). Conclusions School aged children have different preferences for different attributes of meals. The quality of school meals should be improved,the cost of buying healthy meals should be reduced,targeted family health education should be carried out,and healthy cooking methods should be advocated.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the rational use of antiemetic drugs in tumor chemotherapy patients. METHODS The data of tumor patients who were given antiemetic drugs were collected from 9 departments of our hospital with hospital information system from Oct. 1st to Nov. 30th in 2022， such as oncology department， radiotherapy department， gynecology department， and gastroenterology department. The application of chemotherapy drugs and the use of antiemetic drugs were analyzed statistically， and the irrational use of antiemetic drugs was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 520 patients were included， involving 248 （47.69%） using chemotherapy drugs with a moderate emetogenic risk level and 135 （25.96%） with a high emetogenic risk level. A total of 461 cases （73.06%） of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3-receptor antagonists were used， including palonosetron in 333 cases， ondansetron in 106 cases， tropisetron in 15 cases and granisetron in 7 cases， and only 148 cases of patients were prioritized for the use of nationally procured medicines and national essential medicines （32.10%）. Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists were used in 170 cases （26.94%）， including fosaprepitant in 112 cases and aprepitant in 58 cases. The use of antiemetic drugs was unreasonable in 162 patients （31.15%）； among the types of irrational drugs， the antiemetic regimen was unreasonable in the largest number of cases （22.40%）， followed by the irrational pharmacoeconomics （19.13%）. CONCLUSIONS The emetogenic risk levels of chemotherapy drugs used for tumor patients in our hospital are primarily moderate to high， and there is irrational use of antiemetic regimen and pharmacoeconomics. Clinicians， nurses， pharmacists and hospital departments should collaborate as multiple teams to strengthen full supervision of the standardization of antiemetic drugs， reasonably select antiemetic drugs based on emetogenicity rating， and improve the compliance of doctors with the guidelines to ensure the safety， effectiveness， and cost-effective of patient medication.

Objective:To analyze the dietary patterns of Chinese adults and explore the relationship with serum uric acid (SUA) and hyperuricemia (HUA).Methods:A total of 9 358 adults were selected in the 2018 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake data were collected by three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls and weighing method. The social demographic information of the survey subjects was obtained through questionnaire surveys. The dietary patterns were extracted using factor analysis, and the relationship between dietary patterns and SUA was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The correlation between HUA and dietary patterns was analyzed using logistic regression analysis models.Results:Four dietary patterns were identified: northern (high intakes of wheat, other cereals,and tubers); modern (high intakes of fruit, dairy, eggs, and nuts); southern (high intakes of rice and vegetables);animal food-wine (high intake of organ meats, seafood, and wine). The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that the northern pattern was negatively correlated with SUA ( β=-0.438, 95% CI: -0.500--0.376); the modern pattern was negatively correlated with SUA ( β=-0.134, 95% CI: -0.219--0.049); the southern model was significantly correlated with higher SUA ( β=0.146, 95% CI: 0.079-0.214); the animal food-wine pattern was positively correlated with SUA ( β=0.188, 95% CI: 0.123-0.252). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the northern model score Q1 group, the risk of developing HUA was reduced in Q3 and Q4 groups, with ORs values of 0.777 (95% CI: 0.650-0.929) and 0.509 (95% CI: 0.423-0.613), respectively; and compared with the modern model score Q1 group, the higher the scores in Q3 and Q4 groups, the HUA was lower, with ORs of 0.793 (95% CI: 0.660-0.953) and 0.768 (95% CI: 0.631-0.934), respectively. Compared with the animal food-wine pattern score Q1 group, the risk of developing HUA was increased in both Q3 and Q4 groups ( Q3 group: OR=1.224, 95% CI: 1.012-1.480; Q4 group: OR=1.312, 95% CI: 1.086-1.584). Conclusions:Dietary patterns are associated with HUA. The northern and modern patterns are related to lower SUA levels and reduced risk of HUA, while the animal food-wine pattern increases the risk of HUA.

Objective To explore method of establishing and evaluating an asthma rat model with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome.Methods 60 SD male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,a normal group,asthma group,combination of disease and syndrome(combination)group,DM group,and KCLW group,with 12 rats in each group.Asthma models were established using ovalbumin(OVA).A syndrome model of phlegm and blood stasis was established using a high-fat diet combined with the ice water bath method.We evaluated the asthma model through animal behavior observation,pathological section observation,inflammation index detection,and airway reactivity measurements.The phlegm and blood stasis syndrome model was evaluated via measurements of rat body mass,blood glucose,blood lipids,coagulation function,and hemorheological indexes and by observing symptoms and syndrome determination by Kechuan Liuwei mixture.Results(1)After OVA induction,the rats in the asthma model group and combination group showed symptoms such as shortness of breath,open mouth breathing,abdominal movement,restlessness,and irritability.HE staining showed the disordered arrangement of the bronchial mucosa in lung tissue,local detachment,thickening of the basement membrane and the bronchial tube wall,narrowing of the lumen,extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells,and congestion of capillaries.Compared with the normal group,the asthma model group and combination group(P＜0.05)had increased serum IL-4,IL-6,and TGF-β1.Penh values were increased after stimulation with various concentrations of Mch(P＜0.05).(2)Rats in the combination group showed symptoms such as chills,curling up with minimal movement,purple and dark claws,purple and black bruises on the tail,loose stools,and unclean perianal area.Compared with the rats in the asthma model group,rats in the combination group had increased body mass(P＜0.05)and blood glucose,triglyceride,and total cholesterol levels(P＜0.05),a shortened thrombin time(P＜0.05),increased fibrinogen content(P＜0.05),and significantly increased whole-blood viscosity at low,medium,and high shear rates(P＜0.05).The indexes were significantly improved after Kechuan Liuwei mixture administration.Conclusions The asthma rat model with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome can be established through OVA induction and high-fat diet combined with ice water bath.The model can be evaluated through behavioral observation,index measurements,and syndrome determination via formulas.

Objective: To explore the clinical dosimetry advantages of automated plan of IMRT for postoperative esophageal cancer and the dose prediction accuracy of the constructed 3D U-Res-Net model． Methods: A total of 110 postoperative esophageal cancer (middle and upper) cases treated by IMRT were considered in the study，of which 90 cases were randomly selected for training of deep learning prediction model．The deep learning prediction model and Auto-Plan module ( Philips pinnacle3 16. 2 ) were used to predict the three-dimension dose distribution and redesigned the remaining 20 cases respectively ，and the results obtained were compared with manual plan. Results : The average DSC value between the deep learning prediction plan and the manual plan was greater than 0. 92 in isodose surface，and the average Hausdorff distance HD95 of the isodose surface was 0. 58－0. 62 cm ; The V20 ，V30 ，Dmean of total lung were slightly lower than those of manual plan (P ＜0. 05 ) for the prediction model， meanwhile，the D2 ，D50 ，Dmean，HI of the target area and V30 of total lungs were better than those of manual plan(P ＜0. 05) for Auto-Plan ; Three-dimensional dose distribution of the three groups and the corresponding DVH curve showed that the three-dimensional dose distribution of the three groups had a little differences，and the DVH curves of the target area and organs at risk had a good agreement． Conclusion Auto-Plan can realize the design of automated plan for postoperative esophageal cancer，while the deep learning prediction model can realize the accurate prediction of the 3D dose distribution.

The matrix metalloproteinases family (MMPs) are proteins related to tumor formation and metastasis that have attracted the attention of scholars in recent years. Tumor cells can secrete MMPs during malignant transformation, and the expression of MMPs in different malignant tumors is diverse, and different members of MMPs do not have exactly the same biological properties. Matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP-19) is a new member of MMPs whose secretion increases rapidly during the malignant transformation of cells and is released into the extracellular space to participate in biological processes such as proliferation, adhesion, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. In this paper, the progress of research on the biological properties of MMP-19 in tumors was reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the development of tumors, especially for studying the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.

Background::The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with high-risk (HR) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in first complete remission (CR1) is still under evaluation. Moreover, relapse is the main factor affecting survival. This study aimed to explore the effect of allo-HSCT (especially haploidentical HSCT [haplo-HSCT]) on improving survival and reducing relapse for HR childhood T-ALL in CR1 and the prognostic factors of childhood T-ALL in order to identify who could benefit from HSCT.Methods::A total of 74 newly diagnosed pediatric T-ALL patients between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were stratified into the low-risk chemotherapy cohort ( n = 16), HR chemotherapy cohort ( n = 31), and HR transplant cohort ( n = 27). Characteristics, survival outcomes, and prognostic factors of all patients were then analyzed. Results::Patient prognosis in the HR chemotherapy cohort was significantly worse than that in the low-risk chemotherapy cohort (5-year overall survival [OS]: 58.5% vs. 100%, P = 0.003; 5-year event-free survival [EFS]: 54.1% vs. 83.4%, P = 0.010; 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse [CIR]: 45.2% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.011). In HR patients, allo-HSCT improved the 5-year EFS and CIR compared to that of chemotherapy (5-year EFS: 80.1% vs. 54.1%, P = 0.041; 5-year CIR: 11.6% vs. 45.2%, P = 0.006). The 5-year OS was higher in the HR transplant cohort than that in the HR chemotherapy cohort (81.0% vs. 58.5%, P = 0.084). Minimal residual disease re-emergence was an independent risk factor for 5-year OS, EFS, and CIR; age ≥10 years was an independent risk factor for OS and EFS; and high white blood cell count was an independent risk factor for EFS and CIR. Conclusion::Allo-HSCT, especially haplo-HSCT, could effectively reduce relapse of children with HR T-ALL in CR1.

OBJECTIVE：To study the imp rovement effects of β-boswellic acid on hippocampal neurons cells injury of rats induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. METHODS ：The hippocampal neurons cell of rats were divided into normal control group ， model group and β-boswellic acid low-concentration ，medium-concentration and high-concentration groups （1，10，100 μmol/L）. Except for normal control group ，other groups were cultured with relevant medium and given oxygen glucose deprivation to induce oxygen-glucose deprivation induced injury model. MTT assay was adopted to detect cell viability. Chemical colorimetry was used to detect LDH activity in cell culture supernatant. Hoechst-PI staining was used to detect the morphology change of cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect early apoptosis rate of cells. The expression of apoptosis-related protein （Bcl-2，Bax and cleaved caspase-3） were detected by Western blot. RESULTS ：Compared with model group ，the survival rate of cells and protein expression of Bcl- 2 were increased significantly in β-boswellic acid medium-concentration and high-concentration groups （P＜ 0.01），while LDH activity ，early apoptosis rate ，protein expression of cleaved caspase- 3 and Bax were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The densely stained nuclei and fragmentation decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS ：β-boswellic acid can relieve oxygen-glucose deprivation induced injury of hippocampal neurons cells ，the mechanism of which may be associated with down-regulating the protein expression of cleaved caspase- 3 and Bax and up-regulating the protein expression of Bcl- 2.

Objective:To investigate the effect of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) on guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) in promoting the proliferation of glioma U87 cells and its mechanism.Methods:Glioma cells U87 with GBP1 overexpression (U87-GBP1) and control cells U87-Lacz transfected with empty vector were used as experimental cells. The mRNA and protein expressions of GBP1 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in two groups of cells were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the proliferation of U87 cells were detected by CCK-8. CD14 + monocytes and CD3 + T lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy people by immunomagnetic beads. The CD14 + monocytes were treated with culture medium of U87-Lacz cells or U87-GBP1 cells, and then the cells were divided into U87-Lacz culture medium group and U87-GBP1 culture medium group. The proportion of MDSC in CD14 + monocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. CD14 + monocytes treated by two culture medium groups were cocultured with activated CD3 + T lymphocytes, and flow cytometry was used to detect the proliferation of activated CD3 + T lymphocytes. Monocytes untreated by U87 cells culture medium or activated CD3 + T lymphocytes were used as the control group. CD14 + monocytes were treated with U87-Lacz or U87-GBP1 cell culture medium anti-human CCL2 antibody, which were U87-Lacz+anti-CCL2 culture medium group and U87-GBP1 + anti-CCL2 culture medium group, and the proportion of MDSC in CD14 + monocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. U87-GBP1 and U87-Lacz cells were inoculated into BALB/c nude mice to cause tumors in the brain. One week later, they were divided into chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) inhibitor RS504393 treatment group (U87-Lacz + RS nude mice group and U87-GBP1+RS nude mice group) and untreated control group (U87-Lacz nude mice group and U87-GBP1 nude mice group). After 30 days, the mice were sacrificed and the brain, spleen and bone marrow were isolated. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the transplanted tumors in the brain of nude mice, and the volume of transplanted tumor was calculated, and flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of MDSC in the tissues. Results:The protein expression of GBP1 in U87-GBP1 cells was significantly higher than that in U87-Lacz cells, but there was no significant difference in cell proliferation level between the two groups in vitro ( P > 0.05). The proportion of MDSC in U87-GBP1 culture medium group was significantly higher than that of U87-Lacz culture medium group [(7.75±0.80)% vs. (4.50±0.08)%], and both groups were higher than that of control group [(2.55±0.31)%)] ( F = 18.27, P = 0.002). The percentage of activated CD3 + T lymphocytes in U87-GBP1 culture medium group was lower than that in U87-Lacz culture medium group [(47.38±0.08)% vs. (61.70±5.05)%, P = 0.040]. The relative expression of CCL2 mRNA in U87-GBP1 cells and the expression level of CCL2 protein in U87-GBP1 cell culture medium [30.66±0.17 and (1 005.00±12.23) ng/L] were higher than those in U87-Lacz cells [1.29±0.15 and (111.60±11.44) ng/L] (both P < 0.01), the proportions of MDSC in U87-Lacz + anti-CCL2 culture medium group and U87-GBP1 + anti-CCL2 culture medium group was lower than those in U87-Lacz culture medium group and U87-GBP1 culture medium group (all P < 0.05). The volume of transplanted brain tumor in U87-GBP1 nude mice group was larger than that in U87-Lacz nude mice group; the volume of transplanted brain tumor in U87-GBP1 + RS nude mice group and U87-Lacz + RS nude mice group increased more slowly than the corresponding nude mice group without treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05); the proportions of MDSC in transplanted brain tumor, spleen and bone marrow in U87-GBP1 nude mice group were higher than those in U87-Lacz nude mice group, and the proportions of MDSC in each tissue of U87-GBP1 + RS nude mice group and U87-Lacz + RS nude mice group were lower than those in the untreated by RS504393 corresponding nude mice group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:GBP1 might increase the expression of CCL2 in glioma U87 cells and recruit MDSC to form immunosuppression in glioma microenvironment, thus promoting the proliferation of glioma U87 cells in vivo.

Objective:To develop a deep learning model for predicting three-dimensional (3D) voxel-wise dose distributions for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods:A total of 110 postoperative rectal cancer cases treated by IMRT were considered in the study, of which 90 cases were randomly selected as the training-validating set and the remaining as the testing set. A 3D deep learning model named 3D U-Res-Net was constructed to predict 3D dose distributions. Three types of 3D matrices from CT images, structure sets and beam configurations were fed into the independent input channel, respectively, and the 3D matrix of IMRT dose distributions was taken as the output to train the 3D model. The obtained 3D model was used to predict new 3D dose distributions. The predicted accuracy was evaluated in two aspects: the average dose prediction bias and mean absolute errors (MAEs)of all voxels within the body, the dice similarity coefficients (DSCs), Hausdorff distance(HD 95) and mean surface distance (MSD) of different isodose surfaces were used to address the spatial correspondence between predicted and clinical delivered 3D dose distributions; the dosimetric index (DI) including homogeneity index, conformity index, V50, V45 for PTV and OARs between predicted and clinical truth were statistically analyzed with the paired-samples t test. Results:For the 20 testing cases, the average prediction bias ranged from -2.12% to 2.88%, and the MAEs varied from 2.55% to 5.75%. The DSCs value was above 0.9 for all isodose surfaces, the average MSD ranged from 0.21 cm to 0.45 cm, and the average HD 95 varied from 0.61 cm to 1.54 cm. There was no statistically significant difference for all DIs, except for bladder Dmean. Conclusions:This study developed a deep learning model based on 3D U-Res-Net by considering beam configurations input and achieved an accurate 3D voxel-wise dose prediction for rectal cancer treated by IMRT.