Human genetic resources are valuable for life science research and pharmaceutical industry.Competitions for human genetic resources and the relevant techniques and industries have increasingly become intense among countries with the the implementation of precision medicine strategy and the maturity of gene editing technology.In the context of scientific progress and efficiency,the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,the most important international economic organization,has proposed solutions to technological development and research paradigm changes from the perspective of national and global public interests.The United States,Japan,the United Kingdom,and some other developed countries have also released their policies and guidelines on the sharing of genetic resource data.In this article we analyzed these policies and guidelines,with an attempt to further improve the administration of human genetic resource sharing in China and promote the legal sharing and effective use of these resources.
China ; Guidelines as Topic ; Human Genetics ; Humans ; Information Dissemination

Objective To explore the perioperative outcomes and safety of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC).Methods We retrospectively evaluated outcome of 10 LRC patients on ERAS protocol from May 2017 to October 2017,and 39 LRC patients on conventional recovery after surgery(CRAS) protocol from July 2015 to November 2016.There were (60.9 ±11.4) years and (63.7 ± 12.1) years in ERAS group and CRAS group respectively(P =0.514);(25.5 ±2.7) kg/m2 and (24.4 ± 3.6) kg/m2 with body mass index (P =0.375).Both of the median of charlson comorbidity index (P =0.931) and American Society of Anesthesiologists score (P =0.254) were 2 There was no statistical significance between the two groups for type of urinary diversion and preoperative laboratory studies (P ＞ 0.05).Patients' perioperative outcomes,early (30-day) complications and postoperative readmission rate were compared.Results The ERAS group had less intraoperative crystalloid infusion [(950.0 ± 474.3) ml vs.(1 797.4 ± 448.1) ml,P ＜ 0.001],faster removed gastric tube (0 d vs.4 d,P ＜0.001),and shorter passing flatus time [(1.6 ± 0.8) d vs.(2.9 ± 1.4) d,P =0.006] than the CRAS group;however,no difference was found in terms of intraoperative colliod infusion [(1 110.0 ± 331.5)ml vs.(1 117.9 ± 397.9) ml,P =0.954].No patients from either group required conversion to open surgery.There was no significant difference between the two groups for operative time (P =0.311),estimated blood loss (P =0.073),drain days (P =0.681),postoperative hospital stay (P =0.509),overall blood transfusion (P =1.000),intensive care unit stay (P =1.000) and tumor characteristics (pathological stage,histology,nodes removed,positive nodes,lymph node-positive patients,positive surgical margins).The 30-day postoperative complications were documented in 5 (50％)and 23 (59％)patients in groups ERAS and CRAS (P =0.878),respectively.And the most common complication were minor complications (Clavien-Dindo grade 1 and 2) in both groups (100.0％ vs.86.9％,P =0.729).The 30-day readmission rate was 20.0％ (2 patients) in ERAS group and 10.3％ (4 patients) in CRAS group with no statistical significance(P =0.588).Conclusions Our ERAS protocol expedited bowel function recovery after RC and urinary diversion without increasing in 30-day complications compared with CRAS.The key of implement ERAS pathway is to explore and develop their own protocol conformed to their medical treatment enviroment.

Objective The feasibility and the curative effect of bipolar hemiarthroplasty for hemiplegic side femoral neck fractures in elderly patients were evaluated.Methods The patients suffering from hemiplegic side femoral neck fractures and undergoing bipolar hemiarthroplasty in Beijing Tongren Hospital were followed-up during 2012-2015.The postoperative Harris Score and the complications such as infection,deep vein thrombosis and dislocation were collected.Results Totally 25 patients(25 hips)were followed-up.The average age was 70.1 years,and mean follow-up period was 24.3 months (10-42 months).The mean Barthel index score was higher (77.4 ± 14.7,ranging from 40-95 points) after operation than before operation[25.00 ± 5.95 (15-35 points)] with a statistically significant difference(t=-21.374,P＜＜0.05).The postoperative Harris Score was 83.5± 8.9(60-95 points).According to Harris score,the excellent and good rate was 80.0％.The patient's satisfaction rate was 88.0％.Conclusions Choosing proper prosthesis and fixing measure,and keeping the function and tension of short extorsion muscles can achieve the satisfactory results for hemiplegic side femoral neck fractures in elderly patients.

Objective To develop a sheet for postural change during painless colonoscopy.Methods The sheet was made of medical canvas whose body had a size of 110 cm (length) × 80 (width) cm.The body had a waistband at its each side,and the waistband had 5 nylon Velcro at each side to tie it to the patient's waist.There were 6 canvas handles at the back of the body,which were in parallel with the waistband for drawing the patient during postural change.A tearing mechanism with Velcro existed at the hip area to facilitate the hip exposure during colonoscopy.Two shoes covers were at right under the body to hold the feet when the patient bent his knees.Results The sheet significantly shortened operation time,increased working efficiency and protected the patient's privacy when compared with manual operation.Conclusion The sheet gains high safety,convenience and efficiency for postural change during painless colonoscopy,and thus is worthy promoting in the hospitals.

The purpose of the study was to observe changes in endolymphatic hydrops by using intratympanic injection of gadolinium and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after endolymphatic sac surgery in patients with unilateral Meniere's disease. Thirteen patients with unilateral Meniere's disease undergoing endolymphatic sac surgery were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed. Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery or three-dimensional real inversion recovery MRI was performed 24 h after an intratympanic injection of gadolinium to grade the presence of endolymphatic hydrops. Among the 13 patients with hydrops confirmed by preoperative MRI, vestibular hydrops had no significant change in all patients; cochlear hydrops became negative in 2 patients, and remained unchanged in the other 11 patients after surgery. Definite vertigo attacks were substantially controlled in one patient and completely controlled in 12 patients during a follow-up period of 8-34 months after surgery. The hearing levels were improved in 3 patients, remained unchanged in 7 patients, and decreased in 3 patients. In conclusion, endolymphatic sac surgery does not always alleviate endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Meniere's disease. Relief from vertigo cannot always be attributed to the remission of hydrops. A change in hearing levels cannot be explained by hydrops status alone.
Adult ; Aged ; Contrast Media ; administration & dosage ; Endolymphatic Hydrops ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Endolymphatic Sac ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Gadolinium ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meniere Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged