Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare benign disease with a prevalence of 0.16–3.4% and is characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation and extensive fibrosis in the adipose tissue of the mesentery although the exact pathogenesis is still elusive. A 65-year-old woman was referred with suspicion of an abdominal mass and biliary stones on abdominal ultrasonography and CT. Bile duct stones were confirmed by endoscopic ultrasonography and successfully treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with stone removal. Furthermore, a 4.7 cm conglomerated mass on small intestinal mesentery was suspected as sclerosing mesenteritis based on the features on abdominal MRI. However, because it could not be differentiated from malignancy without histologic examination, laparoscopic excisional biopsy was performed; it showed only inflammatory cells with extensive fibrosis. Therefore, the abdominal mass was confirmed as sclerosing fibrosis and the patient was followed-up without any treatments because no mass-related symptoms accompanied the findings. Six months later, abdominal CT showed no significant change in the mass. Herein, we report a rare case of incidentally found idiopathic sclerosing mesenteritis.
Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; Bile Ducts ; Biopsy ; Cholangiography ; Endosonography ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins* ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesentery ; Panniculitis, Peritoneal ; Prevalence ; Sclerosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

Recent data suggest that subclinical atherosclerosis is more related to visceral adipose tissue distribution than to overall fat mass. Both perirenal fat and epicardial fat are visceral fat depots surrounding the kidneys and the myocardium, respectively, which can be easily assessed by ultrasound. Their clinical relevance in children is largely unknown. This review describes studies relating perirenal and epicardial fat to cardiovascular disease or carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a well-established surrogate for subclinical atherosclerosis, and discusses this in context with our own data from children. In adults, both perirenal and epicardial fat are useful biological markers of visceral obesity. The former has been related to hypertension in overweight subjects and with atherosclerosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. The latter was associated with several metabolic syndrome components and with calcification of the carotid artery. In healthy prepubertal children, both epicardial and perirenal fat thickness, rather than total body fat mass, were related to cIMT. Ultrasonography measures of perirenal and epicardial fat are related to atherosclerosis in adults and may be convenient tools for the assessment of cardiometabolic risk in children.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Atherosclerosis ; Biomarkers ; Body Fat Distribution ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Child ; HIV ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Kidney ; Myocardium ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Overweight ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue accumulation in specific body compartments has been associated with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Perirenal fat (PRF) may lead to have direct lipotoxic effects on renal function and intrarenal hydrostatic pressure. This study was undertaken to explore the association of PRF with cardiovascular risk factors and different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: We studied 103 patients with CKD of different stages (1 to 5). PRF was measured by B-mode renal ultrasonography in the distal third between the cortex and the hepatic border and/or spleen. RESULTS: The PRF thickness was greater in CKD patients with impaired fasting glucose than in those with normal glucose levels (1.10 ± 0.40 cm vs. 0.85 ± 0.39 cm, P < 0.01). Patients in CKD stages 4 and 5 (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²) had the highest PRF thickness. Serum triglyceride levels correlated positively with the PRF thickness; the PRF thickness was greater in patients with triglyceride levels ≥ 150 mg/dL (1.09 ± 0.40 cm vs. 0.86 ± 0.36 cm, P < 0.01). In patients with a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m², uric acid levels correlated positively with the PRF thickness (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In CKD patients, the PRF thickness correlated significantly with metabolic risk factors that could affect kidney function.
Adipose Tissue ; Dyslipidemias ; Fasting ; Filtration ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Risk Factors ; Spleen ; Triglycerides ; Ultrasonography ; Uric Acid

Oncocytic lipoadenoma is a rare salivary gland tumor composed of adipose tissue and oncocytic epithelial cells in varied proportions. We report a case of an oncocytic lipoadenoma of the submandibular gland, which presented as a submandibular gland mass. The patient was a 65-year-old woman with a right submandibular mass measuring 2 × 2 × 1.6 cm. As a sonographic evaluation and computed tomograph scan gave us the impression of benign submandibular gland tumor such as pleomorphic adenoma, we resected the right side submandibular gland. Grossly, the tumor was well circumscribed with yellow to brown cut surface. Microscopically, the tumor was surrounded by a thin, fibrous capsule and composed of oncocytic epithelial cells admixed with mature adipose tissue. Final diagnosis was an oncocytic lipoadenoma. We discussed here radiologic and pathologic finding of this rare salivary gland tumor.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Salivary Glands ; Submandibular Gland ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of thyroid nodules detected by thyroid ultrasound (US) at health checkups and the associated clinical parameters. METHODS: A total of 72,319 subjects who underwent thyroid US at three health checkup centers in Korea from January 2004 to December 2010 were included in this study. The correlations between the presence of thyroid nodules and other clinical parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of thyroid nodules and cysts was 34.2% (n = 24,757). Thyroid nodules were more prevalent in women and older age groups. Among the subjects with thyroid nodules with size information (n = 24,686), 18,833 (76.3%) had nodules measuring ≤ 1.0 cm. Women and older age groups showed higher proportion of larger nodules. Percentage of women, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat composition, blood pressure, and the level of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher in the subjects with thyroid nodules compared to those without nodules. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and overt/subclinical thyrotoxic state was higher in the subjects with thyroid nodules. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, women, age, BMI, metabolic syndrome, and thyrotoxicosis were independently associated with the presence of thyroid nodules. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of thyroid nodules in people who underwent thyroid US at a health checkup suggests that increased detection of thyroid nodules resulted in an increased prevalence in the general population. However, metabolic disturbances may also have contributed to the increase in thyroid nodule prevalence in Korea.
Adipose Tissue ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Prevalence* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule* ; Thyrotoxicosis ; Ultrasonography ; Waist Circumference

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor in the liver, which is composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose cells. The proportion of each component varies, making a diagnosis difficult. This paper reports a case of AML in the liver without adipose tissue, mimicking a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which was diagnosed by a surgical tissue biopsy. A 65-year-old woman was admitted for an evaluation of a hepatic mass that had been detected by ultrasonography. The serologic markers of viral hepatitis B and C were negative. The liver function tests and alpha fetoprotein level were within the normal limits. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 1.9 cm sized mass in segment 6 of the liver with early arterial enhancement and washout on the delayed phase accompanied by a rim-like enhancement, which is similar to the imaging findings of HCC. A frozen section examination during surgery indicated a hepatocellular neoplasm and suggested the possibility of HCC. On the other hand, the final pathologic diagnosis was epithelioid myoid type of AML with no adipose tissue component. The tumor cells were positive for human melanocyte B-45 and negative for cytokeratin and hepatocyte paraffin 1. This paper reports a very rare case of AML without adipose tissue in the liver mimicking HCC that was diagnosed by a surgical tissue biopsy.
Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Angiomyolipoma ; Biopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Hand ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Keratins ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Melanocytes ; Muscle, Smooth ; Paraffin ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver biopsy has traditionally been used for determining the degree of fibrosis, however there are several limitations. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) real-time elastography (RTE) is a novel technology that uses image enhancement to display differences in tissue compressibility. We sought to assess whether liver fibrosis index (LFI) can distinguish normal, fatty, and cirrhotic liver tissue. METHODS: A total of 50 patients undergoing EUS were prospectively enrolled. RTE of the liver was performed to synthesize the LFI in each patient. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Chi-square and t-tests were performed for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Abdominal imaging prior to endoscopic evaluation suggested normal tissue, fatty liver, and cirrhosis in 26, 16, and 8 patients, respectively. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly increased mean LFI compared to the fatty liver (3.2 vs. 1.7, p<0.001) and normal (3.2 vs. 0.8, p<0.001) groups. The fatty liver group showed significantly increased LFI compared to the normal group (3.8 vs. 1.4, p<0.001). Multivariable regression analysis suggested that LFI was an independent predictor of group features (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LFI computed from RTE images significantly correlates with abdominal imaging and can distinguish normal, fatty, and cirrhotic-appearing livers; therefore, LFI may play an important role in patients with chronic liver disease.
Adipose Tissue ; Biopsy* ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques* ; Endosonography ; Fatty Liver ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Prospective Studies* ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND: The importance of bone health is emphasized throughout the life cycle. Young adults have problems with bone health due to irregular lifestyle and unbalanced diet, but studies related to them are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) of college students and to analyze the differences in BMD according to lifestyle. METHODS: BMD was measured by bone ultrasound in 161 male and female college students. The questionnaire was surveyed about lifestyle, eating habits, and nutrient intake status. RESULTS: Osteopenia was 8.8% in male and 10.8% in female. The body fat percentage of female was significantly higher than male. Male college students, smoking, fast food consumption, and overeating rate were significantly higher than female. Nutrient intake was not significantly different between male and female students. But energy and vitamin A and C levels were inadequate, and protein and sodium intake was excessive compared with the recommended nutrient intake for Koreans. BMD was significantly lowest in male who often intake fast food than male who did not intake at all or intake sometimes. Female who often intake fast food had significantly lower BMD than female who did not eat at all. CONCLUSIONS: College students have different BMDs according to lifestyle. There was a difference in BMD according to smoking and fast food consumption.
Adipose Tissue ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Diet ; Eating* ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Life Cycle Stages ; Life Style ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sodium ; Ultrasonography ; Vitamin A ; Young Adult

Gardner-associated fibroma (GAF) is a benign lesion of soft tissue which has recently been described and is exceedingly rare in children. GAF is associated with adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation, familial adenomatous polyposis and desmoid. We report a case of patient with soft tissue tumor on her lower back which was turned out to be GAF. The patient was a 19-month-old female who visited out-patient clinic with palpable mass on her lower back and we performed surgical excision. The tumor was located at subcutaneous and we excised the tumor including surrounding soft tissue. She discharged without any complication on surgery day. The pathologic report showed dense collagenous tissue with spindle cell and adipose tissue, suggestive of GAF. We are planning to check gene study and to perform endoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography for at the age of 4.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; Adipose Tissue ; Child ; Collagen ; Endoscopy ; Female* ; Fibroma* ; Fibromatosis, Aggressive ; Gardner Syndrome ; Humans ; Infant* ; Outpatients ; Ultrasonography

Cryolipolysis has become available for the noninvasive reduction of adipose tissue. A 33-year-old woman presented with wrist drop of the right arm that had first appeared 7 days previously. She had undergone cryolipolysis on both upper arms immediately prior to the onset of symptoms. A nerve conduction study showed radial neuropathy proximal to the elbow, and ultrasonography revealed focal swelling of the radial nerve at the spiral groove. Although cryolipolysis has been known as a safe method, nerve injury can result from compression and/or hypothermia during the procedure.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Arm ; Elbow ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Lipolysis ; Methods ; Neural Conduction ; Radial Nerve ; Radial Neuropathy* ; Ultrasonography ; Wrist