BACKGROUND: SMARCA2 (SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator of Chromatin, Subfamily A, Member 2) is an important ATPase catalytic subunit in the switch-sucrose nonfermenting (SWI/SNF) complex. However, its relationship with the pathological features of NSCLC and its prognosis remain unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 2390 patients with surgically resected NSCLC, constructed tissue microarrays (TMAs) and performed immunohistochemical assays. We analyzed the correlation of SAMRCA2 with clinicopathological features and evaluated its prognostic value. RESULTS: Among 2390 NSCLC cases, the negative expression ratios of SAMRCA2, SMARCA4, ARID1A, ARID1B and INI1 were 9.3%, 1.8%, 1.2%, 0.4% and 0%, respectively. In NSCLC, male sex, T3 and T4 stage, moderate and poor differentiation, tumor ≥ 2 cm, Ki67 ≥ 15%, SOX-2 negative expression, middle lobe lesion and adenocarcinoma were relative risk factors affecting SMARCA2-negative expression. In lung adenocarcinomas, high-grade nuclei, histological morphology of acinar and papillary, solid and micropapillary and TTF-1-negative expression were relative risk factors affecting SMARCA2-negative expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the OS was shorter in the SMARCA2-negative group. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that SMARCA2-negative expression was an independent factor correlated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, SMARCA2-negative expression is an independent predictor of a poor outcome of NSCLC and is a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Transcription Factors/genetics*

OBJECTIVES: A study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene (CHD1L) influencing the invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and to provide a new target for clinical inhibition of invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Ualcan website was used to analyze the expression of CHD1L in normal epithelial tissue and primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to analyze the effect of lymph node metastasis on the expression of CHD1L in tissues with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The relationship between CHD1L expression and the survival rate of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was tested by the GEPIA website. Western blot was used to quantify the levels of CHD1L protein in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL27 and immortalized human skin keratinocyte cell HaCaT. After knocking down CAL27 in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells with an RNA interference plasmid, the cells were designated as SiCHD1L/CAL27 and Scr/CAL27. Western blot was utilized to detect the expression of CHD1L in each group of cells. The change in CAL27 cell proliferation ability was tested by EdU proliferation test after CHD1L knockdown. The change of cell migration ability of each group cells was tested through the wound healing assay. Western blot was used to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker E-cadherin and Vimentin protein expression levels. RESULTS: Ualcan database showed that the expression of CHD1L in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues was higher than in normal epithelial tissues and in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues with lymph node metastasis. GEPIA website analysis showed that the overall survival rate of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with high expression of CHD1L was significantly lower than that of patients with low expression. Western blot results showed that CHD1L expression in human tongue squamous carcinoma cells CAL27 was higher than that of human normal skin cells HaCaT. CHD1L expression in SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells was much lower than that in Scr/CAL27 cells. Results of EdU proliferation experiments showed the significant reduction in the cell proliferation ability of the SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells. Results of the wound healing experiments showed the reduction in the migration capacity of the SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells. The expression of E-cadherin increased, whereas that of Vimentin decreased, in SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells. CONCLUSIONS CHD1L promoted the EMT, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Helicases ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics* ; Tongue ; Tongue Neoplasms/genetics*

The aim of this paper was to investigate the inhibitory effect of extract of Coptidis Rhizoma(ECR) on invasion of Candida albicans hyphae in vitro.XTT reduction method was used to evaluate the metabolic activity of C.albicans.The colony edge growth of C.albicans was observed by solid medium.The growth of C.albicans hyphae was determined on semi-solid medium.The morphology and viability changes of C.albicans hyphae were assessed by scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscope.qRT-PCR method was used to detect the ALS3 and SSA1 expression of C.albicans invasin genes.The results showed that the metabolic viability by XTT method detected that the activity of C.albicans was gradually decreased under the intervention of 64,128 and 256 mg·L-1 of ECR respectively.128,256 mg·L-1 of ECR significantly inhibited colony folds and wrinkles on solid medium and the hyphal invasion in semi-solid medium.Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy showed that 128,256 mg·L-1 of ECR could inhibit the formation of C.albicans hyphae.qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of invasin gene ALS3 and SSA1 was down-regulated,and especially 256 mg·L-1 of ECR could down-regulate the two genes expression by 4.8,1.68 times respectively.This study showed that ECR can affect the invasiveness of C.albicans by inhibiting the growth of hyphae and the expression of invasin.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; genetics ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; Hyphae ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

The subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is always a lethality. Increasing evidence suggests a familiar aggregation of IA occurrence, which may relate to genetics and there might be an increasing number of IAs in IA families when mutation of disease genes is aggregating. With the progress in the study of familiar intracranial aneurysms (FIAs), a large number of chromosome fragments are found to be related with IAs, such as 1p36, 5q31, 7q11, 14q22, 17cen, 19q13, Xp22. Further studies indicated that mutation of several genes could be the cause of FIAs, including TNFRSF13B, ANRIL, SOX17, ADAMTS15, RNF213 and LOXL2. The independent genetic epidemiologic study on aneurysm families can be used to discover the related genes more effectively, and to explore the mechanism of occurrence of IAs. It's also the precondition for the prevention of disease.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases ; Genetic Research ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; genetics ; Risk Factors ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases

Ageratina adenophora is a noxious plant and it is known to cause acute asthma, diarrhea, depilation, and even death in livestock (Zhu et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2017). A. adenophora grows near roadsides and degraded land worldwide (He et al., 2015b). In the areas where it grows, A. adenophora is an invasive species that inhibits the growth of local plants and causes poisoning in animals that come in contact with it (Nie et al., 2012). In China, these plants can be found in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, and other southwestern areas (He et al., 2015a) and they have become a dominant species in these local regions. It threatens the native biodiversity and ecosystem in the invaded areas and causes serious economic losses (Wang et al., 2017). It has been reported that A. adenophora can grow in the northeast direction at a speed of 20 km per year in China (Guo et al., 2009). Because of the damage caused by A. adenophora, it ranks among the earliest alien invasive plant species in China (Wang et al., 2017).
Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism* ; Ageratina/toxicity* ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology* ; China ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics* ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Liver/drug effects* ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mitochondria, Liver/pathology* ; Plant Extracts/toxicity*

OBJECTIVETo delineate the clinical features and potential mutation of the ATP7A gene in a family affected with Menkes disease.

METHODSClinical data of a patient and his family members were analyzed. Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assays were performed to detect the mutation of the ATP7A gene.

RESULTSThe patient was admitted at the age of 5 months due to severe epilepsy and marked delayed psychomotor development. Significantly light complexion, pudgy cheeks and sparse fuzzy wooly hair were noted. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and angiography revealed cortical atrophy, leukoencephalopathy and circuitous of intracranial vessels. The plasma ceruloplasmin was decreased. MLPA has identified a deletion spanning exons 8 to 12 of the ATP7A gene. His mother was found to be a heterozygous carrier of the same mutation.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical features and a novel mutation of the ATP7A gene of the family have been delineated.

Adenosine Triphosphatases ; genetics ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cation Transport Proteins ; genetics ; China ; Copper-transporting ATPases ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pedigree

OBJECTIVETo analyze the features of genetic mutations underlying Wilson's disease and provide prenatal and presymptomatic diagnosis.

METHODSFor 35 pedigrees affected with the disease, the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the ATP7B gene were amplified with polymerase chain reaction and subjected to Sanger sequencing. After the genotypes of parents of the probands were determined, prenatal diagnosis were performed through chorionic villus sampling.

RESULTSThe overall rate for mutation detection was 92.9%. A total of 24 distinct mutations were detected, which included 7 novel mutations, i.e., c.3871G>A(p.A1291T), c.2593_2594insGTCA, c.2790_2792delCAT, c.3661_3663delGGG, c.3700delG, c.4094_4097delCTGT, and IVS6+1G>A. Three mutations, including R778L (c.2333G>T)(45.7%), A874V (c.2621C>T)(7.1%) and P992L (c.2975C>T)(7.1%), were relatively common. Two presymptomatic patients were detected through familial screening, for whom treatment was initiated. Prenatal genetic diagnosis has verified three healthy fetuses and one carrier.

CONCLUSIONIn this study the most popular mutation ofATP7B gene is R778L and 7 novel mutations have been identified in this gene. For pedigrees of Wilson's disease, genetic counseling in addition with prenatal and presymptomatic diagnosis should be provided through Sanger sequencing and haplotype analysis.

Adenosine Triphosphatases ; genetics ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Cation Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Copper-transporting ATPases ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; embryology ; enzymology ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to help people comprehensively understand the research advances related to ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) in moyamoya disease (MMD) and to understand the disease at the molecular level to provide a new perspective of the diagnosis of the disease.

DATA SOURCESThis review was based on data in articles published between 2005 and 2015 that were retrieved from the PubMed database. The search terms included RNF213, MMD, intracranial major artery stenosis /occlusion (ICASO), genotype, phenotype, mutant and variants, and the combinations of these terms.

STUDY SELECTIONArticles related to MMD and RNF213 were selected for review, and we also reviewed publications related to ICASO.

RESULTSRNF213 is not only associated with MMD but also associated with intracranial major artery stenosis. In addition, RNF213 variants exhibit apparent ethnic diversity; specifically, the c.14576G>A variant is mainly detected in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese populations, particularly the latter population. The genotypes of RNF213 correlate with the phenotypes of MMD; for example, the homozygous c.14576G>A variant is associated with early-onset, severe symptoms, and an unfavorable prognosis. Furthermore, the RNF213 c.14576G>A variant should be considered during the diagnosis of MMD because no patients with quasi-MMD have been reported to carry the RNF213 c.14576G>A variant whereas 66 of 78 patients with definite MMD have been found to carry this variant.

CONCLUSIONSThe growing literature demonstrates that MMD is primarily caused by the synergy of genetic and environmental factors, and unknown genetic modifiers might play roles in the etiology of MMD. Further research should be conducted to clarify the pathogenic mechanism of MMD.

Adenosine Triphosphatases ; genetics ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; etiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Moyamoya Disease ; etiology ; genetics ; Phenotype ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the dynamic changes of membrane-bound proton-translocating ATPase (F-ATPase) in the development of dental caries, the expression of Streptococcus mutans F-ATPase under different pH concentrations and during the development of dental caries is analyzed.

METHODSStreptococcus mutans cultured under different pH (pH4.0-7.0) concentrations and containing 5% glucose and no glucose containing BHI were collected. RNA was extracted. Subsequently, F-ATPase gene was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into caries group and control group. The rats in the caries group were fed caries feed and 5% glucose water, whereas those of control group were fed normal feed. Total RNA was extracted from plaque samples, which were collected from rats' oral cavity every two weeks. F-ATPase gene was detected by real-time PCR. In the 11th week, the upper and lower jaw bone specimens of rats were taken, and molar caries damage assessed.

RESULTSThe expression of F-ATPase in the caries group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the gene was expressed highest in pH5.0 and the lowest in pH4.0 (P<0.05). 2) The expression of F-ATPase progressively increased during the caries development in both groups; expression in the caries group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcid-resisting viru-lence factor F-ATPase is related closely with the incidence and development of dental caries.

Adenosine Triphosphatases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Dental Caries ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Dental Plaque ; microbiology ; Male ; Protons ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Streptococcus mutans ; drug effects ; genetics ; Virulence Factors

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type I (PFIC1) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations of ATP8B1 gene, with progressive cholestasis as the main clinical manifestation. This paper reports the clinical and genetic features of a PFIC1 patient definitely diagnosed by ATP8B1 genetic analysis. The patient, a boy aged 14 months, was referred to the hospital with the complaint of jaundiced skin and sclera over 10 months. The patient had been managed in different hospitals, but the therapeutic effects were unsatisfactory due to undetermined etiology. On physical examination, hepatosplenomegaly was discovered in addition to jaundice of the skin and sclera. The liver was palpable 4 cm below the right subcostal margin and 2 cm below the xiphoid while the spleen 2 cm below the left subcostal margin. The liver function test revealed elevated levels of serum total bile acids, bilirubin, and transaminases; however, the γ-glutamyl transferase level was normal. The diagnosis was genetic cholestasis of undetermined origin. At the age of 1 year and 8 months, a Roux-en-Y cholecystocolonic bypass operation was performed, and thereafter the jaundice disappeared. At 5 years and 1 month, via whole genome sequencing analysis and Sanger sequencing confirmation, the boy was found to be a homozygote of mutation c.2081T>A(p.I694N) of ATP8B1 gene, and thus PFIC1 was definitely diagnosed. The boy was followed up until he was 6 years, and jaundice did not recur, but the long-term outcome remains to be observed.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; genetics ; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mutation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA