PURPOSE

The importance of culture for ensuring safe and high-quality nursing care cannot be overstated. However, despite the increase in nurse migration, the concept of acculturation in nursing has not been well defined. This study aimed to elucidate the concept of acculturation in immigrant nurses.

The defining attributes of the concept were established using Walker and Avant's 8-step method. This article is due to the dissertation of the PhD degree course approved and defended at the Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. In this study, the researcher started collecting data after receiving the Code of Ethics (IR.BMSU.REC.1401.114) from the Iran National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research. The researcher provided the participants with contact information and was always ready to answer their research queries.

Without any time constraints, a search was conducted on databases including Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, and Oxford Medical Dictionary using the keywords 'acculturation' and 'immigrant nurses'. Atotal of 18 articles were analyzed based on the inclusion criteria.

Immigrant nurses experience acculturation through two main attributes. One-way acculturation involves the impact of social values, norms, customs, and habits on the nurses. Two-way acculturation refers to the cultural exchange between the nurse and the new environment.

According to the study, immigrant nurses experience acculturation as being impacted by various aspects such as beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and habits.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this cross-sectional, correlational study was to identify associations of acculturative stress, depression, and quality of life among Indonesian migrant workers living in South Korea. METHODS: A total of 91 migrant workers who were recruited in Korea completed paper-and-pencil self-administered questionnaire in September 2018. Acculturative Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Perceived Organizational Support Scale, and demographic questionnaire were used to measure acculturative stress, depression, quality of life, social support, and organizational support, respectively. We applied descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analyses with SPSS 22 program. RESULTS: A positive correlation was shown between acculturative stress and depression and a negative correlation was found between acculturative stress and quality of life. Significant factor associated with depression was acculturative stress. Significant factors associated with quality of life were acculturative stress and social support. CONCLUSION: Our study findings assist nurses to improve the quality of mental health services for Indonesian migrant workers by providing important information such as contact information for health services and counseling and to guide future studies on mental health issues among the population.
Acculturation ; Counseling ; Depression ; Health Services ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Mental Health ; Mental Health Services ; Quality of Life ; Transients and Migrants ; World Health Organization

PURPOSE: To identify the effects of spousal support on the relationship between acculturative stress and sense of parenting competence among married Vietnamese immigrant women. METHODS: The sample for this study consisted of 175 married Vietnamese immigrant women in Gyeongsangnam-do. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 23.0. RESULTS: (a) sense of parenting competence was negatively correlated with acculturative stress, whereas a positive correlation was observed with spousal support; (b) spousal support mediated the relationship between acculturative stress and sense of parenting competence. CONCLUSION: Results of the study suggest that spousal support decreases the negative effects of acculturative stress on sense of parenting competence. Therefore, we need to find ways to strengthen spousal support for married Vietnamese immigrant women.
Acculturation ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Emigrants and Immigrants* ; Female ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Mental Competency* ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Spouses

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting stress and acculturative stress on the parenting efficacy of Vietnamese married migrant women. METHODS: A total of 130 Vietnamese married immigrant women were recruited from the Multicultural Family Support Center in U-city. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics of a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: The scores of parenting and acculturative stress level were 2.62 and 2.87, parenting efficacy level was 2.98. The Aculturative stress experience was positively correlated with parenting stress (r=0.547, p < 0.001), Parenting stress experience was negatively correlated with parenting efficacy (r=-0.486, p < 0.001), and, acculturative stress experience was negatively correlated with parenting efficacy (r=-0.460, p < 0.001). The multiple regression analysis of acculturative (t=-2.891, p=0.005) and parenting stress (t=-3.818, p < 0.001) showed a significant number of factors that explain parenting efficacy. The model included the two independent variables of acculturation stress and parenting stress which were statistically significant (F=24.966, p < 0.001), and had a descriptive result of 28.5%. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest the need for development and implementation of mediation measures such as substantial, cooperative, and systematic parenting programs for women in Vietnam to promote regional community support.
Acculturation ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Parenting ; Parents ; Transients and Migrants ; Vietnam

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the association of socioeconomic factors, acculturation, and body mass index (BMI) as the first large prospective cohort study to determine the state of health of Vietnamese-born migrant women residing in Korea. METHODS: Participants were Vietnamese marriage-based immigrant women living in Korea. Data (n=1,066) was collected during both periods of baseline (2006–2011) and follow-up (2012–2014) in 34 cities in Korea. RESULTS: The results show that acculturation stress is relatively low among participants. Current BMI showed a significant difference according to the current age, monthly family income, and psychophysical stress. Depending on age, education level, monthly family income, we identified a significant difference in the annual BMI change. In correlation analysis, current BMI was significantly associated with age at arrival, reading and writing in Korean language adaptation, and psychophysical stress. Annual BMI change was significantly associated with age at arrival and years since immigration. CONCLUSION: Our analysis revealed that acculturation measured by Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students had no association with current BMI or annual BMI change, but had an association with several socioeconomic statuses. This study had the advantage that subjects had a homogenous background of marriage-based immigrant women, so we could see the association of BMI and acculturation, without considering cofounding factors.
Acculturation ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Mass Index ; Cohort Studies ; Education ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Prospective Studies ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Transients and Migrants ; Women's Health ; Writing

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among married immigrant women in South Korea. METHODS: Data from the 2015 Living Profiles of Multiculture Family Survey were used in this study. The sample consisted of 1,579 married immigrant women aged 19 to 39 years. Sociodemographic, acculturation, and social support factors were analyzed. Logistic regression was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: Married immigrant women having a poor relationship with their husbands and a culture gap with husbands were more likely to report depressive symptoms. Low socioeconomic status, no satisfaction with mother role, and no satisfaction with father role, and high social support resources were associated with depressive symptoms among married immigrant women in Korea. Having a moderate level of social support resources was more likely to lower the risk of depressive symptoms than high social support resources. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study indicate that prevention of depressive symptoms in married immigrant women in Korea could be aided by acculturation programs that include participation of husbands and social supports for the parenting role.
Acculturation ; Depression* ; Emigrants and Immigrants* ; Fathers ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Social Class ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: Immigration to South Korea from neighboring Asian countries has risen dramatically, primarily due to marriage between Korean men and foreign women. Although Filipino women rank fourth among married immigrant women, little is known about the health condition of this population. This manuscript focuses on the design and methods of Filipino women's diet and health study (FiLWHEL). SUBJECTS/METHODS: FiLWHEL is a cohort of Filipino women married to Korean men, aged 19 years old or over. The data collection comprised three parts: questionnaire, physical examination, and biospecimen collection. Questionnaires focused on demographic factors, diet, other health-related behaviors, acculturation and immigration-related factors, medical history, quality of life, and children's health information. Participants visited the recruitment site and answered the structured questionnaires through a face-to-face interview. We also measured their anthropometric features and collected fasting blood samples, toenails, and DNA samples. Recruitment started in 2014. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Collection of data is ongoing, and we plan to prospectively follow our cohort participants. We expect that our study, which is focused on married Filipino women immigrants, can elucidate nutritional/health status and the effects of transitional experiences from several lifestyle factors.
Acculturation ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child Health ; Cohort Studies ; Data Collection ; Demography ; Diet* ; DNA ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Emigration and Immigration ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Marriage ; Methods* ; Nails ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explain the health promotion behavior of Chinese international students in Korea using a structural equation model including acculturation factors. METHOD: A survey using self-administered questionnaires was employed. Data were collected from 272 Chinese students who have resided in Korea for longer than 6 months. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The p value of final model is .31. The fitness parameters of the final model such as goodness of fit index, adjusted goodness of fit index, normed fit index, non-normed fit index, and comparative fit index were more than .95. Root mean square of residual and root mean square error of approximation also met the criteria. Self-esteem, perceived health status, acculturative stress and acculturation level had direct effects on health promotion behavior of the participants and the model explained 30.0% of variance. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese students in Korea with higher self-esteem, perceived health status, acculturation level, and lower acculturative stress reported higher health promotion behavior. The findings can be applied to develop health promotion strategies for this population.
*Acculturation ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emigrants and Immigrants/*psychology ; Female ; Health Promotion/*methods ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Republic of Korea ; *Self Concept ; Social Support ; Students/*psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess predictor variables of husbands in multicultural families and examine the relationship among variables after setting up a hypothetical model including influencing factors, so as to provide a framework necessary for developing nursing interventions of domestic violence. METHODS: The participants were 260 husbands in multicultural families in four cities in Korea. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0. RESULTS: Self-control, social support, family of origin violence experience and stress on cultural adaptation directly affected to dysfunctional communication, and the explanatory power of the variables was 64.7%. Family of origin violence experience in domestic stress on cultural adaptation, and dysfunctional communication were directly related to domestic violence in multicultural families, and the explanatory power of the variables was 64.6%. We found out that all variables in the model had mediation effects to domestic violence through dysfunctional communication. In other words, self-control and social support had complete mediation effects, and family of origin violence experience in domestic violence and stress on cultural adaptation had partial mediation effects. CONCLUSIONS: The variables explained in this study should be considered as predictive factors of domestic violence in multicultural families, and used to provide preventive nursing intervention. Our resutls can be taken into account for developing and implementing programs on alleviating dysfunctional communication in multicultural families in Korea.
Acculturation ; Communication ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Cultural Diversity ; Domestic Violence/ethnology/*statistics & numerical data ; Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Self-Control/psychology ; Social Support ; Spouses/ethnology/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Stress, Psychological/ethnology/etiology

PURPOSE: This study investigated prediction of North Korean refugees' adaptation to the South Korean society and verified the goodness of fit between a hypothetical model and actual data in order to suggest the best model. METHODS: This survey was conducted with 445 North Korean refugees living in a metropolitan area. Data were collected from September 1st to November 20th, 2012, and analyzed using SPSS Windows 18.0 and AMOS 17.0. RESULTS: Traumatic experiences of North Korean refugees increased self-efficacy and psychological trauma. Acculturation stress decreased self-efficacy and increased passive coping. Self-efficacy affected active and passive coping, decreased psychological trauma, and increased resilience. Resilience is successful adaptation and refers to North Korean refugees' abilities to adapt effectively to stress. In particular, self-efficacy as the main parameter affecting resilience was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that resilience can be improved through self-efficacy. It was the most significant factor decreasing psychological trauma and increasing resilience. Therefore, we need to develop programs for self-efficacy. The results also provide basic data for policy making for North Korean refugees.
Acculturation ; Adaptation, Psychological/*physiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea/ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Personal Satisfaction ; Psychological Trauma/*ethnology ; Refugees/*psychology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Resilience, Psychological ; Self Efficacy ; Young Adult