Good nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining a balanced lifestyle. The beneficial effects of nutrition have been found to counteract nutritional disturbances with the expanded use of nutraceuticals to treat and manage cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other developmental defects over the last decade. Flavonoids are found abundantly in plant-derived foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. Fruits and vegetables contain phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. Flavonoids can act as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-microbial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diarrheal agents. Flavonoids are also reported to upregulate apoptotic activity in several cancers such as hepatic, pancreatic, breast, esophageal, and colon. Myricetin is a flavonol which is naturally present in fruits and vegetables and has shown possible nutraceutical value. Myricetin has been portrayed as a potent nutraceutical that may protect against cancer. The focus of the present review is to present an updated account of studies demonstrating the anticancer potential of myricetin and the molecular mechanisms involved therein. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying its anticancer activity would eventually help in its development as a novel anticancer nutraceutical having minimal side effects.
Humans ; Flavonoids/chemistry* ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry* ; Dietary Supplements ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Neoplasms/drug therapy*

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the overall cognitive, emotional, social, and physical health of the affected individual. It is characterised by challenges in social communication and interaction, repetitive and stereotyped behaviours, and narrow interests. The pathogenesis of ASD is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Increasing evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and early childhood may contribute to the development of ASD. While studies have indicated that vitamin D supplementation can significantly improve symptoms of ASD, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This review summarises the association between vitamin D levels and ASD, explores potential mechanisms underlying vitamin D's role in ASD, and examines the effect of vitamin D supplementation on ASD symptoms.

Background: and Purpose Posterior cerebral artery occlusion (PCAo) can cause long-term disability, yet randomized controlled trials to guide optimal reperfusion strategy are lacking. We compared the outcomes of PCAo patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) with or without intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) to patients treated with IVT alone. Methods: From the multicenter retrospective Posterior cerebraL ArTery Occlusion (PLATO) registry, we included patients with isolated PCAo treated with reperfusion therapy within 24 hours of onset between January 2015 and August 2022. The primary outcome was the distribution of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. Other outcomes comprised 3-month excellent (mRS 0–1) and independent outcome (mRS 0–2), early neurological improvement (ENI), mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). The treatments were compared using inverse probability weighted regression adjustment. Results: Among 724 patients, 400 received EVT+/-IVT and 324 IVT alone (median age 74 years, 57.7% men). The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission was 7, and the occluded segment was P1 (43.9%), P2 (48.3%), P3–P4 (6.1%), bilateral (1.0%), or fetal posterior cerebral artery (0.7%). Compared to IVT alone, EVT+/-IVT was not associated with improved functional outcome (adjusted common odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–1.43). EVT increased the odds for ENI (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.12), sICH (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.23–6.72), and mortality (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.07–2.95). Conclusion Despite higher odds for early improvement, EVT+/-IVT did not affect functional outcome compared to IVT alone after PCAo. This may be driven by the increased risk of sICH and mortality after EVT.

Background: Reduced harvest volumes in pediatric donors appear to have the potential to reduce donor-associated risks while maintaining engraftment in recipients; however, the allowable harvest volume reduction remains undefined. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data pairs of 553 bone marrow (BM) harvests from pediatric (age at harvest ＜18 yr) sibling donors and clinical outcomes of 553 pediatric (age at infusion ＜14 yr) transplant-naïve recipients to assess the optimal BM harvest volume needed from pediatric donors to obtain the desired CD34+ cell count (≥3.0×10 6 cells per kg of recipient weight), and to study its impact on the clinical outcomes of transplantation in pediatric recipients. Results: The minimum desired CD34+ cell count of ≥3.0×10 6 per kg of recipient weight was achieved for 506 (95.3%) of donor-recipient pairs. The median CD34+ cell yield was 6.4×10 6 per kg of recipient weight (range, 1.2‒33.8×10 6 ) in donors younger than 5 years old at harvest, 4.7×10 6 (range, 0.3‒28.5×10 6 ) in donors aged 5‒10 years and 2.1×10 6 range, 0.3‒11.3×10 6 ) in donors older than 10 years (P ＜0.001). Conclusion The infused CD34+ cell dose (×10 6 cells/kg of recipient weight) had no impact on GRFS; however, a CD34+ cell dose of ＞7×10 6 cells/kg of recipient weight did not improve hematopoietic recovery

Objectives: Dental or maxillofacial emergencies are uncommon during pregnancy, but if they occur, they are challenging to treat due to potential risks. The mother should not be denied necessary medical or dental care because of pregnancy. The aim of the study is to observe outcomes of pregnancy in patients requiring emergency minor oral surgical procedures during gestation and to determine the safety of the pregnant woman undergoing the procedure and the fetus. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 52 pregnant women requiring emergency oral surgical procedures. A standard treatment protocol for treatment of specific entities was followed. Close monitoring and observation were the primary goal of treatment. All patients were followed postoperatively until complete recovery from the surgical procedures and then until birth of the baby. A control group of 52 healthy pregnant patients who did not require oral surgical procedures was considered for statistical analysis. The measurements to calculate observation were fetal loss (spontaneous abortion), preterm birth, low-birth weight, or incidence of any congenital anomalies in the baby and its association with surgical procedures. Results: No fetal loss occurred in any of the cases. However, four patients experienced preterm birth and seven neonates exhibited low birth weights.No congenital abnormalities were discovered. In one instance, a patient who underwent surgery for a mandibular symphysis fracture under general anesthesia in the 31st week of pregnancy experienced labor pain on the fourth postoperative day, requiring an emergency Caesarean section. Conclusion The results of our study demonstrate that, compared to the control group, minor emergency surgeries performed during pregnancy have no discernible negative effects on the fetus. These procedures can safely be performed by adhering to our described protocols.

INTRODUCTION: Adults aged ≥60 years contribute to disproportionately higher visits to the emergency departments (ED). We performed a systematic review to examine the reasons why older persons visit the ED in Singapore. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase and Scopus from January 2000 to December 2021 for studies reporting on ED utilisation by older adults in Singapore, and included studies that investigated determinants of ED utilisation. Statistically significant determinants and their effect sizes were extracted. Determinants of ED utilisation were organised using Andersen and Newman's model. Quality of studies was evaluated using Newcastle Ottawa Scale and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. RESULTS: The search yielded 138 articles, of which 7 were used for analysis. Among the significant individual determinants were predisposing (staying in public rental housing, religiosity, loneliness, poorer coping), enabling (caregiver distress from behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia) and health factors (multimorbidity in patients with dementia, frailty, primary care visit in last 6 months, better treatment adherence). The 7 included studies are of moderate quality and none of them employed conceptual frameworks to organise determinants of ED utilisation. CONCLUSION The major determinants of ED utilisation by older adults in Singapore were largely individual factors. Evaluation of societal determinants of ED utilisation was lacking in the included studies. There is a need for a more holistic examination of determinants of ED utilisation locally based on conceptual models of health seeking behaviours.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Frailty ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Singapore