Objective To evaluate the effect of intracarotid cold saline infusion (ICSI) on neurological outcomes in canines with cardiac arrest (CA) introduced by severe hypothermia.Methods Restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after hypothermic CA was induced in 10 Beagle dogs.These 10 dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups (5 each).Dogs in control group were rewarmed using warn water bath,and dogs in experimental group received the bath rewarming plus ICSI for 6 hours to maintain the brain temperature ＜36℃.In both groups,the Neurologic Disability Scores (NDS) were recorded at 24h after the ROSC,and their brains were removed for pathologic analysis using hematoxylin and eosin stain.The brain water content and sl00β of serum level were also measured.Results The water content (79.43％ ± 0.72％ vs.80.79％ ± 1.06％,P＜0.05) and serum level of s100β (119.83 ± 42.93pg/ml vs.329.82 ± 190.39pg/ml,P＜0.05) were significantly lower in experimental group than in the control group.Control group presented obvious pathological damage of the hippocampal pyramidal cells.There was no significant difference in NDS between the two groups.Conclusion ICSI could reduce the production of s100β and pathological brain damage in postarrest hypothermic canines.