1.Antibacterial and antibiotic potentiating capabilities of extracts isolated from Burkillanthus malaccensis, Diospyros hasseltii and Cleisthanthus bracteosus against human pathogenic bacteria
Kathirvalu, G. ; Chandramathi, S. ; Azahar, S.A. ; Atiya, N. ; Begum, S. ; Christophe, W. ; Sulaiman, M. ; Abdullah, N. ; Mani, R.R. ; Jindal, H.M. ; Zulkipli, M.
Tropical Biomedicine 2023;40(No.2):152-159
		                        		
		                        			
		                        			Antibiotics which once a boon in medicine and saved millions of lives are now facing an ever-growing 
menace of antibacterial resistance, which desperately needs new antibacterial drugs which are innovative 
in chemistry and mode of action. For many years, the world has turned to natural plants with antibacterial 
properties to combat antibiotic resistance. On that basis, we aimed to identify plants with antibacterial 
and antibiotic potentiating properties. Seventeen different extracts of 3 plants namely Burkillanthus 
malaccensis, Diospyros hasseltii and Cleisthanthus bracteosus were tested against multi-drug resistant 
Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). 
Antibacterial activity of hexane, methanol and chloroform extracts of bark, seed, fruit, flesh and leaves 
from these plants were tested using, disk diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 
minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Antibiotic potentiating capabilities were tested using 
time-kill assay. B. malaccensis fruit chloroform extract showed the biggest zone of inhibition against MRSA 
(13.00±0.0 mm) but C. bracteosus bark methanol extract showed the biggest inhibition zone against 
MSSA (15.33±0.6 mm). Interestingly, bark methanol extract of C. bracteosus was active against MRSA 
(8.7±0.6 mm), MSSA (7.7±0.6 mm) (Gram-positive) and A. baumannii (7.7±0.6 mm) (Gram-negative). 
Overall, the leaf methanol and bark methanol extract of C. bracteosus warrants further investigation 
such as compound isolation and mechanism of action for validating its therapeutic use as antibiotic 
potentiator importantly against MRSA and A. baumannii.
		                        		
		                        		
		                        		
		                        	
            

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