As China's manned space missions gradually develop towards long-term residence and deep space exploration,astronauts will face increasingly severe psychological challenges.As a psychological adjustment method involving multiple disciplines such as music,psychology,and medicine,music therapy has the advantages of being convenient to implement,cost-effective,and highly personalized.This paper integrates the concept of music therapy and explores the research progress of music therapy in regulating psychological states in aspects such as physiology,emotional regulation,cognitive ability,and interpersonal relationships.Combined with the mechanism of action of music therapy and the practical situation in the field of manned spaceflight,it aims at the future development trends and problems to be solved,to construct a music therapy system for astronauts during on-orbit flight and ground daily training.This will help astronauts achieve healthy physical and mental development and promote the completion of missions.

Chronic refractory wounds and scars caused by abnormal wound repair seriously damage the health of patients and affect their quality of life. At present, there is a lack of simple but effective and economical treatment methods. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), as a kind of mesenchymal stem cells with multi-directional differentiation potential, have been confirmed by several in vivo and in vitro studies to promote wound healing by promoting epithelialization, angiogenesis, immunoregulation, antioxidant properties, and other mechanisms. ASCs and their derivatives have been used in the treatment of refractory wounds caused by burns, diabetic, and radiation injuries with good results achieved. Their potential to become new materials for wound repair has also been confirmed. This paper reviewed the mechanism and clinical application of ASCs in promoting wound repair, and looked into its research direction and prospects.

BACKGROUND: The inducible forebrain-specific cholecystokinin receptor-2 (CCKR-2) double transgenic (tTA/tetO-CCKR-2 tg, abbreviated as dtg) mice are an ideal model of anxiety-related diseases. However, there is still a lack of model identification and life related data OBJECTIVE: To identify the genomic DNA of the offspring and the specific expression of CCKR-2 transgene in the forebrain, and to analyze the survival probability of dtg mice. METHODS: α-CaMKII/tTA single transgenic mice and tetO-CCKR-2 single transgenic mice were cross-fertilized to construct a dtg mouse model. The genomic DNA was extracted from the tail of the offspring, and the genotypes were detected by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. Wild-type (WT) mice were used as controls. In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of CCKR-2. Survival of dtg mice and WT mice (30 females and 30 males) was observed and recorded within 2 years. The study protocol was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Medical University, with an approval No. 20150068. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Agarose gel electrophoresis results showed the molecular weight of the PCR products of dtg mice was consistent with the expected target gene fragment. In situ hybridization results showed a strong signal of CCKR-2 was detected in the forebrain of dtg mice, but hardly present in the WT mice. The median survival time of dtg mice was 76 weeks in females and 77 weeks in males. The survival probability was decreased with age in dtg mice. The survival probability of WT mice was significantly better than that of dtg mice (P < 0.001). There was no significant sex difference between males and females of dtg mice (P=0.577). Therefore, the specific expression of CCKR-2 transgene in the forebrain can be identified using PCR amplification, genomic DNA extraction, agarose gel electrophoresis, and in situ hybridization. tTA/tetO-CCKR-2 double transgenic induction may shorten the survival time of mice, but no significant difference is observed between the females and males of dtg mice.

Objectives To summarize and analyze the characteristics ofspina bifida occulta in prenatal ultrasound scan in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.Methods Sixteen singleton pregnant women with fetal spina bifida occulta who were diagnosed in the Ultrasonography Department of Dalian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2014 to April 2015,were enrolled in this study.Diagnosis was made based upon the abnormalities found in the spinal column of fetus during routine ultrasound scan,followed by a close examination on the fetal spinal column and the position of conus medullaris by using multiple scan.Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the characteristics of spina bifida occulta in ultrasonic images.Results Among the 16 cases,12 had subcutaneous mass (nine cases had follicle-like anechoic mass and three cases had masses with strong echoes).The other four cases without subcutaneous mass manifested signs of disappeared physiological curvatures or disordered arrangement of spinal column,angulation deformity or scoliosis,or asymmetry in ossification centers of spinal column on both sides of lesions and lowered position of conus medullaris.Lemon shaped head and banana shaped cerebellum were seen in one case,while the other 15 cases were found no cerebral abnormalities.Eight cases had tethered cord (the position of conus medullaris was lower than the second lumber vertebra),six cases had unclear position of conus medullaris and the other two were normal.Diagnoses for all of the 16 cases were confirmed by MRI after delivery or autopsy or neonatal operation.Conclusions Abnormalities such as subcutaneous mass and tethered cord observed in prenatal ultrasound scan are significant indicators for suspected closed spinal dysraphism and further multiple scan is required to confirm the diagnosis.

AIM: To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone , a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) agonist, on the expression of PPARγ, the activation of NF-κB and intestine injury in the rats undergoing ortho-topic autologous liver transplantation ( OALT ) .METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, sham group, OALT group and rosiglitazone (0.3 mg/kg, iv) pretreatment (ROS+OALT) group. The OALT model was established , and the intestinal tissues were collected 8 h after the liver reperfusion .The intestinal tis-sue sections were stained to visualize the damage .The expression of PPARγand NF-κB in the tissues, the concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO) and fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) in the serum and the concentration of TNF-αand IL-6 in the tissues were measured .RESULTS:Compared with sham group , the intestinal mucosa of the rats showed obvious pathological injury after liver reperfusion in OALT group and ROS group , the Chiu’s scores of intestinal mucosa was signifi-cantly higher , and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP 2 increased ( P<0.05 ) .After rosiglitazone pretreatment , the injury of intestinal mucosa of the rats was alleviated , the Chiu’s scores was lower and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP2 decreased (P<0.05), the PPARγexpression was obviously up-regulated in the intestinal tissues, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was reduced and the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-αwere decreased .CONCLUSION: During perioperative period of OALT in rats , the inflammatory responses are obvious .Furthermore, obvious intestinal injury oc-curs .PPARγagonist rosiglitazone obviously up-regulates PPARγexpression and inhibits the inflammation in the intestines , thus protecting against intestinal injury in rats undergoing OALT .

Objective To study the morphological characteristics of femurs of adult human and 11 kinds of adult animals fromcattle, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, geese, ducks, chickens, and to establish an effective species identification method among various species. Methods The 4 cmmid-dia-physeal segment of the femur fromadult human (older than 20 years old) at autopsy w as obtained. Addi-tionally, the 4 cmones from11 kinds of adult animals w ere obtained. After decalcification, all femurs w ere made into slices, and then w ere observed by optical microscope. The 25 indexes w ere selected and analyzed by step discriminant analysis according to differences betw een human and mammal, human and poultry, and human and 11 kinds of animals. Results The histological structure of bone mineral density of middle part of femur had obvious characteristics among the species. And the morphology and number of osteon show ed the trend of obvious biological evolution. There w ere 11 indexes w ith significant differ-ences betw een human and 11 kinds of animals to establish some mathematical models to discriminate all species. The correct discrimination rate w as 96.3% betw een human and mammal. The correct discrimina-tion rate w as up to 100% betw een human and poultry, and w as 89.4% among human, mammal and poultry. Conclusion The mathematical models have good correct discrimination rate among human and the other animals, w hich could be applied in the practical species identification cases.

OBJECTIVEThis paper aimed to determine the mRNA expression of osteoclast-related factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12) p35, IL-12p40, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATcl), receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB (RANK), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in murine macrophages infected by a periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid. Another aim was to investigate the effects of a periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid on the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts.

METHODSInflammatory periodontal tissue samples of chronic periodontitis patients were taken during periodontal flap surgery, and healthy gingival tissue samples were taken from orthodontic patients during tooth extractions. Total RNA from periodontal tissue was extracted and reversely transcribed into cDNA and then cryo-preserved until further use. First, specific sequence oligodeoxynucleotide MT0I at a concentration of 1 µg · mL⁻¹ was added in murine macrophage RAW264.7, and the cells were incubated for 3 hours. Cells with PBS (1 µg · mL⁻¹) were used as negative controls. The inflammatory periodontal tissue cDNA and healthy periodontal tissue cDNA (1 µg · mL⁻¹) was added subsequently. There were four experimental groups: healthy periodontal tissue cDNA+ RAW264.7, inflammatory periodontal tissue cDNA+RAW264.7, MT01+healthy periodontal tissue cDNA+RAW264.7, and MT01+inflammatory periodontal tissue cDNA+RAW264.7. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of osteoclast-related factors IL-6, IL-12p35, IL-12p4O, MMP-9, NFATcl, RANK, and TNF-α mRNA after 3, 6, 12, and 24-hours.

RESULTSThe mRNA levels of osteoclast-related factors NFATc1, MMP-9, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p35, and RANK in RAW264.7 were markedly upregulated with the treatment of periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid. However, the mRNA expression of osteoclast-related factors was inhibited by use of an immunosuppressant MT01.

CONCLUSIONThe periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid could promote the differentiation of murine macrophage into osteoclasts.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 ; Interleukin-6 ; Macrophages ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Mice ; Osteoclasts ; metabolism ; Periodontitis ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Objective To explore the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) on hyolaryngeal structural movement in post-stroke dysphagia.Methods Thirty patients with post-stroke dysphagia were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10) namely group A,group B and group C.On the basis of routine swallowing training,medication and rehabiliation given to group C,group A was provided with VitalStim therapy on both suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles,while group B was only on suprahyoid muscles lasting 2 weeks.Before and after treatment,the Video Fluoroscopy Swallowing Study (VFSS) was carried out and the upward and forward displacement distances of the hyoid and thyroid cartilage when swallowing pap were measured.Moreover,water swallow test,dysphagia severity scale and DOSS scores were used to assess the swallowing function.Results After 2 weeks' treatment,the water drinking test score,dysphagia severity scale and DOSS scores increased significantly in all groups than before treatment.The water drinking test score of group A (2.40 ± 1.26) and group B (2.10 ± 0.99),dysphagia severity scale of group A (5.30 ± 1.89) and group B(5.20 ± 1.69),as well as the DOSS level of group A (5.20 ± 1.40) and group B (5.10 ± 1.45) were significantly better than the control group.However,no significant difference was observed in all measurements between group A and group B.The group B revealed a significantly increase in anterior hyoid excursion distance of (12.15 ± 7.59) mm,much bigger than that before treatment and that of group A and B after treatment.Conclusion NMES on the basis of traditional swallowing training can improve the swallowing function of post-stroke dysphagia patients,and NMES on suprahyoid muscles can further induce an increase in anterior hyoid excursion.

ObjectiveThis?paper?aimed?to?determine?the?mRNA?expression?of?osteoclast-related?factors?interleukin-6?(IL-6),?interleukin-12?(IL-12)?p35,?IL-12p40,?matrix?metalloproteinase-9?(MMP-9),?nuclear?factor?of?activated?T-cells?cyto-plasmic 1 (NFATc1), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in murine macrophages?infected?by?a?periodontitis?patient’s?own?tissue?nucleic?acid.?Another?aim?was?to?investigate?the?effects?of?a?perio-dontitis?patient’s?own?tissue?nucleic?acid?on?the?differentiation?of?macrophages?into?osteoclasts.?Methods???Inflammatory?periodontal?tissue?samples?of?chronic?periodontitis?patients?were?taken?during?periodontal?flap?surgery,?and?healthy?gingival?tissue?samples?were?taken?from?orthodontic?patients?during?tooth?extractions.?Total?RNA?from?periodontal?tissue?was?extracted?and?reversely?transcribed?into?cDNA?and?then?cryo-preserved?until?further?use.?First,?specific?sequence?oligodeoxynucleotide?MT01?at?a?concentration?of?1?μg·mL-1?was?added?in?murine?macrophage?RAW264.7,?and?the?cells?were?incubated?for?3?hours.?Cells?with?PBS?(1?μg·mL-1)?were?used?as?negative?controls.?The?inflammatory?periodontal?tissue?cDNA?and?healthy?periodontal?tissue?cDNA?(1?μg·mL-1)?was?added?subsequently.?There?were?four?experimental?groups:?healthy?periodontal?tissue?cDNA+RAW264.7,?inflammatory?periodontal?tissue?cDNA+RAW264.7,?MT01+healthy?periodontal?tissue?cDNA+RAW264.7,?and?MT01+inflammatory?periodontal?tissue?cDNA+RAW264.7.?Real-time?quantitative?polymerase?chain?reaction?was?used?to?detect?the?mRNA?expression?of?osteoclast-related?factors?IL-6,?IL-12p35,?IL-12p40,?MMP-9,?NFATc1,?RANK,?and?TNF-α mRNA after 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours.Results???The?mRNA?levels?of?osteoclast-related?factors?NFATc1,?MMP-9,?TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p35, and RANK in RAW264.7 were markedly upregulated?with?the?treatment?of?periodontitis?patient’s?own?tissue?nucleic?acid.?However,?the?mRNA?expression?of?osteoclast-related?factors?was?inhibited?by?use?of?an?im-munosuppressant?MT01.?Conclusion???The?periodontitis?patient’s?own?tissue?nucleic?acid?could?promote?the?differentiation?of?murine?macrophage?into?osteoclasts.

ObjectiveTo observe the pharmacodynamic effect of propofol by target controlled infusion (TCI) in patients with different liver functions during surgery.MethodsSixty patients undergoing laparotomy under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between June 2013 and June 2014 were enrolled in this prospective study. Among the 60 patients, 51 were males and 9 were females with the age ranging from 18 to 70 years old and the median of 48 years old. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval had been received. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the Child-Pugh liver function grading, the normal liver function group (N group,n=7), grade A group (A group, n=21), grade B group (B group,n=20) and grade C group (C group,n=12). TCI propofol were given to all patients during the operation with the target plasma concentration of 3 μg/ml. Bispectral index (BIS) and hemodynamic parameters of the 4 groups during the anesthesia induction period (within 30 min of TCI) were recorded. The percentage of patients with BIS dropped below 40 and the incidence of hemodynamic events in each group were compared. The comparison was conducted using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.ResultsDuring the anesthesia induction period, BIS of the 4 groups dropped with time and was stable at 20 min. The percentage of patients with BIS below 40 in N, A, B and C group was respectively 9.2%, 11.2%, 20.4% and 26.8%, C group was signiifcantly higher than N and A group (χ2=12.28, 18.81;P<0.05). During the anesthesia induction period, the incidence of hypotension in N, A, B and C group was respectively 0, 5%, 8% and 16%, C group was signiifcantly higher than N, A and B group (P<0.0001, P<0.0001,P=0.0195). The incidence of bradycardia in N, A, B and C group was respectively 15%, 5%, 3% and 0, C group was significantly lower than N, A and B group (P<0.0001,P=0.0003,P=0.0085). ConclusionsSimilar trends of change in anesthesia depth are observed in patients with different liver function when using propofol TCI, but patients with severe hepatic dysfunction may more likely to develop fulminant suppression of brain wave and hypotension.