Objective: To explore the learning curve of transurethral 450 nm blue light vaporization of the prostate (TUBVP) in a district hospital，in order to provide reference for clinicians who plan to perform TUBVP. Methods: The clinical data of 56 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who received TUBVP performed by the same group of surgeons in Chang'an District Hospital during Jun. and Dec. 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) was used to fit the learning curve of ratio of volume to operating time (RVOT) of prostate volume /450 nm blue light. The learning curve was divided into different stages according to the inflection points，and the clinical data of patients operated at different stages were analyzed and compared. Results: The learning curve of TUBVP was 21 cases，including 1-21 cases in the learning stage，22-38 cases in the improvement stage and 39-56 cases in the maturity stage. With the increase of cases，the postoperative bladder irrigation time reduced \[40.00 (26.00，44.50) h vs. 23.00(20.50，34.00) h vs. 23.50(14.75，40.75) h\]，with statistical difference (P<0.05). The surgical efficiency increased \[(0.51±0.14) vs. (0.55±0.17) vs. (0.63±0.23)\]，while the reduction of hemoglobin \[(6.43±7.35) g/L vs. (5.65±10.91) g/L vs. (2.61±7.36) g/L\]，catheter indwelling time \[70.0 (66.0，106.0) h vs. 71.0 (66.0，89.0) h vs. 66.0 (58.5，78.5) h\]，and incidence of complications (9.5% vs. 5.9% vs. 0) in the three stages showed a gradually decreasing trend，but with no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion: The learning curve of TUBVP is 21 cases. For clinicians in district hospitals，TUBVP is a worthy choice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the alleviating effect of calcium cyanamide （CaCN₂） soil fumigation on replanting problems of Rehmannia glutinosa. MethodsNewly soil （NP） was used as the control group， while three treatment groups were established： replanted soil （RP）， newly soil treated with CaCN₂ （120 g·m²， tillage depth 25 cm） （NPCC）， and replanted soil treated with CaCN₂ （RPCC）. R. glutinosa was cultivated in all groups. At harvest， the tuber agronomic traits （number of enlarged roots， maximum root diameter， fresh weight， dry weight） were measured. The content of catalpol and rehmannioside D was quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） to evaluate medicinal quality. Rhizosphere soil available nutrients and enzyme activities were analyzed by assay kits. The community structure and composition of fungi and bacteria in rhizosphere soil were assessed via internal transcribed spacer 2 （ITS2） sequencing and 16S rDNA sequencing， respectively. ResultsCompared with NP， the RP group showed obviously reduced in tuber agronomic traits and quality indicators （P0.05）. However， the RPCC group showed significant improvement in agronomic traits and a notable increase in rehmannioside D content compared to RP （P0.05）. The contents of available phosphorus and potassium in RPCC and NP groups were obviously lower than those in RP （P0.05）. The polyphenol oxidase soil （S-PPO） activity in RP was obviously lower than in NP （P0.05）， while sucrose soil （S-SC）， acid phosphatase soil （S-ACP）， and S-PPO activities in RPCC were obviously higher than in RP （P0.05）. Microbial richness and diversity in RP were obviously higher than in NP （P0.05）， whereas no significant differences were observed between the RPCC and NP. The relative abundances of fungal genera Nectria， Myrothecium， Tomentella， and bacterial genus Skermanella were obviousl lower in RPCC and NP than in RP （P0.05）. Correlation analysis that S-ACP activity was positively correlated with the content of rehmannioside D （P0.05）. Fungal genera Engyodontium and Alternaria， and bacterial genera Pir4 lineage， Pirellula， Methyloversatilis， Brevundimonas， Ralstonia， and Acidibacter were obviously positively correlated with tuber dry weight （P0.05）. Conversely， fungal genera Pseudaleuria， Nectria， Haematonectria， Ceratobasidium， and bacterial genera Streptomyces， Skermanella， RB41， Gemmatimonas， and Bacillus were obviously negatively correlated with dry weight （P0.05）. The fungal genus Alternaria and bacterial genera Brevundimonas， Ralstonia， Acidibacter， and Dongia showed positive correlations with medicinal quality of R.glutinosa tuber， while fungal genera Pseudaleuria， Nectria， Stachybotrys， Fusarium， Gibberella， Ceratobasidium， and bacterial genera Sphingomonas， Skermanella， RB41， Gemmatimonas， and Bacillus were obviously negatively correlated （P0.05）. ConclusionCaCN₂ soil fumigation can significantly improve enzyme activities in replanted Rehmannia rhizosphere soil， enhance the utilization of available nutrients， reshape microbial community structure of replanted R.glutinosa at the family and genus level， and notably improve tuber agronomic traits and medicinal quality. This study provides a novel approach to alleviating replanting problems and offers insights for the integrated development of standardized cultivation techniques， including soil disinfection， nutrient-targeted regulation， and microbial inoculant application.

Given the increasing concern regarding antibacterial resistance, the antimicrobial properties of naphthoquinones have recently attracted significant attention. While 1,4-naphthoquinone and its derivatives have been extensively studied, the antibacterial properties of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives remain relatively unexplored. This study presents a comprehensive in vitro and in vivo analysis of the antibacterial activity of 35 naturally sourced and chemically synthesized derivatives of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing identified three compounds with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with one compound (PNP-02) demonstrating activity comparable to vancomycin in minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill assays. Microscopic and biochemical analyses revealed that PNP-02 adversely affects the cell wall and cell membrane of MRSA. Mechanistic investigations, including proteomic sequencing analyses, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR assays, indicated that PNP-02 compromises cell membrane integrity by inhibiting arginine biosynthesis and pyrimidine metabolism pathways, thereby increasing membrane permeability and inducing bacterial death. In an in vivo mouse model of skin wound healing, PNP-02 exhibited antibacterial efficacy similar to vancomycin. The compound demonstrated low toxicity to cultured human cells and in hemolysis assays and remained stable during serum incubation. These findings suggest that PNP-02 possesses promising bioactivity against MRSA and represents a potential novel antibacterial agent.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry* ; Naphthoquinones/administration & dosage* ; Animals ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mice ; Humans ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology* ; Molecular Structure

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and feasibility of intra-biliary drainage tube placement after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in elderly patients with choledocholithiasis， and to provide more options for surgical procedures in the clinical management of elderly patients with choledocholithiasis. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 52 elderly patients with choledocholithiasis who were admitted to Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery， Affiliated Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University， from November 2021 to October 2024. According to the biliary drainage method after surgery， the patients were divided into internal drainage group with 24 patients and T-tube drainage group with 28 patients， and there were 19 patients in each group after propensity score matching. The two groups were compared in terms of perioperative parameters and postoperative complications. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsCompared with the T-tube drainage group， the internal drainage group had a significantly shorter length of postoperative hospital stay and a significantly lower volume of postoperative bile loss （Z=-2.845 and -5.633， both P<0.05）， while there were no significant differences between the two groups in time of operation， intraoperative blood loss， and drainage tube indwelling time （all P>0.05）. There were no significant differences between the two groups in postoperative bile leak， stone recurrence， biliary stricture， and drainage tube-related complications， and the internal drainage group had a significantly lower total complication rate than the T-tube drainage group ［1 （5.3%） vs 7 （36.8%）， P<0.05］. ConclusionFor elderly patients with choledocholithiasis， intra-biliary drainage tube placement after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration can shorten the length of postoperative hospital stay， reduce bile loss， and lower the incidence rate of postoperative complications， thereby helping to accelerate postoperative recovery.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Gansu Province.Methods:The information of HFRS case data and rodent density monitoring data from 2012 to 2022 in Gansu Province were collected and epidemiological methods were used to analyze and investigate the characteristics of the epidemic focus.Results:A total of 869 cases of HFRS were reported, and four patients died from 2012 to 2022. The annual incidence rate is between 0.05 per 100 000 and 1.21 per 100 000. The cases were mainly distributed in the eastern, southeast, southern, and south of the central region of Gansu Province. Most cases were distributed between age 20-60, and the sex ratio was 1.85∶1 (564∶305). Most cases were farmers (61.80%, 537/869), herdsmen (19.79%,172/869) and students (6.33%, 55/869). In a wild rat-type epidemic focus,the incidence peak was from November to January of the following year. The natural rodent hosts of HFRS were Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, and Mus musculus. The hantaan virus carriage rates were 2.79% (21/754), 0.42% (5/1 179) and 0.31% (2/643),respectively. Three epidemic foci were defined: two derived from the Pingliang and Gannan prefecture new outbreaks epidemic foci, respectively, while the other was the residue of the Dingxi epidemic focus. Conclusions:The southern, south of the central region and eastern part of Gansu Province are current key HFRS epidemic foci dominated by Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, and Mus musculus, respectively. The virus genotype is hantaan virus. Case reporting areas should strengthen epidemic monitoring; the key epidemic areas should strengthen and implement various prevention and control measures to reduce the harm caused by HFRS.

Objective It aims to introduce the Policy Modeling Consistency(PMC)index model for the quantitative assessment of medical and preventive integration policies,with the goal of providing reference for optimizing the poli-cies in China.Methods Using"medical and preventive integration"as the keyword,it retrieved 30 policy texts from the official websites of the central government and relevant departments.Based on the ROST CM 6.0 software and the PMC index model,it conducted a quantitative assessment of Chinese medical and preventive integration policy texts.Results The mean PMC index of the medical and preventive integration policy text is 4.552,with 8 policies clas-sified as an acceptable level.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the top-level design of medical and preventive integration policies,optimize the combined application of policy tools,and effectively utilize the advantages of Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine and the integration between traditional Chinese and Western medicine in medical and preven-tive integration services.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of action and combination of medicinals of Zhuyu Pill （茱萸丸） in the treatment of atherosclerosis. MethodsThirteen normal C57BL/6J mice were used as blank group， and 40 ApoE^-/- mice of the same strain were randomly divided into model group， Huanglian （Coptis chinensis Franch.） group， Wuzhuyu （Tetradium ruticarpum） group， and Zhuyu Pill group， with 10 mice in each group. Except the blank group， the other groups were fed with high-fat diet for modeling， and the total modeling cycle was 12 weeks. After modelling， Huanglian group was given Huanglian solution 143.34 mg/（kg·d）， Wuzhuyu group with Wuzhuyu solution 301.78 mg/（kg·d）， Zhuyu Pill group with 261.07 mg/（kg·d） of Zhuyu Pill solution， blank group and model group were given 0.3ml of normal saline. Mice in all groups were gavaged for 12 weeks. The levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and fasting blood glucose were measured by biochemical method； fasting insulin in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and insulin resistance index was calculated； HE staining was used to observe the pathological and morphological changes of aortic tissue， liver and epididymal fat in mice， and oil red O staining was used to observe the lipid deposition of aortic tissue in mice， and the percentage of positive area of aortic HE staining， the percentage of positive area of aortic oil red O staining， the non-alcoholic fatty liver activity score （NAS） score， and the cross-sectional area of epididymal fat were calculated； serum levels of interleukin 1β （IL-1β） and interleukin 18 （IL-18） were detected by ELISA； protein expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerisation structural domain-like receptor family pyridoxal structural domain protein 3 （NLRP3） in aortic tissues was detected by Western blot； and immunofluorescence was used to detect the levels of apoptosis-associated granulocyte-like protein （ASC）， which contains the CARD structural domain （ASC） and cysteine-containing aspartic protease 1 （Caspase-1） protein expression； and real-time fluorescence PCR was used to detect NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and IL-18 mRNA expression in mouse aortic tissues. ResultsCompared with blank group， serum TC， TG and LDL-C were increased， insulin was decreased， fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance index were increased in model group （P＜0.01）. Aortic plaque area increased， liver lipid deposition increased， epididymal fat cells volume increased， liver NAS score increased， and epididymal fat cross-sectional area increased. Serum IL-1β and IL-18 increased， and the expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1 protein and mRNA in aortic tissue increased （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， serum TC， TG and LDL-C in Huanglian group， Wuzhuyu group and Zhuyu Pill group decreased， fasting insulin increased， fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance index decreased （P＜0.01）； aortic plaque area decreased significantly， liver lipid deposition decreased， liver NAS score decreased， epididymal fat cell volume decreased， epididymal fat cross section area decreased， serum IL-1β and IL-18 were decreased， the expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1 protein and mRNA in aortic tissue were decreased （P＜0.01）， and the improvement of all indexes in the Zhuyu Pill group was better than that in Huanglian and Wuzhuyu groups （P＜0.01）. ConclusionZhuyu Pill has a good therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis in mice， and the combination of Huanglian and Wuzhuyu has a synergistic effect， the mechanism of which may be related to regulation of the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 aortic signaling pathway， and thus reducing the vascular inflammatory response.

【Objective】 To investigate the application value of 450 nm blue laser vaporization in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in district hospitals, so as to provide reference for the selection of BPH treatment methods in district-level hospitals. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 39 BPH patients who received surgical treatment in Chang’an Hospital during Jan.and Sep.2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups, including 19 in blue laser group treated with 450 nm blue laser vaporization and 20 in the TURP group treated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).The operation time, hemoglobin decline, postoperative bladder irrigation time, catheter indwelling time and adverse events were compared between the two groups. 【Results】 All operations were successfully completed.In the blue laser group, the operation time [(45.11±22.08) min vs.(81.25±29.37) min], postoperative bladder irrigation time [(34.05±9.41) h vs.(47.60±9.05) h] and the decrease of hemoglobin [(7.79± 5.86) g/L vs.(16.40±10.23) g/L] were significantly lower than those in the TURP group (P<0.05).There was 1 case of urinary retention in the blue laser group, and there was no significant difference in indwelling catheter time between the two groups (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The 450 nm blue laser vaporization of prostate has advantages of less blood loss, shorter operation time and shorter postoperative irrigation time.Therefore, it should be considered as a preferable option for BPH in primary hospitals.

Objective:To compare the clinical data and peripheral blood levels of CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9 and CXCL10 between patients with progressive non-segmental vitiligo who were sensitive to systemic glucocorticoid treatment and those who were resistant, and to clarify key clinical factors influencing the sensitivity to systemic glucocorticoid treatment.Methods:From May 2021 to May 2023, a cohort of patients with progressive non-segmental vitiligo receiving systemic glucocorticoid treatment was established in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Clinical data and peripheral blood samples were prospectively collected from all enrolled patients. Standard treatment, i.e., intramuscular injections of 1 ml of compound betamethasone once a month, was administered. After 3-month treatment, the improvement of patients′ skin lesions was estimated, and the vitiligo area and severity index (VASI) score and the Vitiligo European Task Force assessment tool (VETFa) were used to evaluate the efficacy. Patients with VASI changes ≥ 0 and VETFa progression scores ≤ 0 point were included in the glucocorticoid-sensitive group (i.e., the patients′ condition was stable or improved), otherwise those with VASI changes < 0 and VETFa progression scores of 1 point were included in the glucocorticoid-resistant group. Associations of lesion locations, specific clinical markers (trichrome lesions, confetti-like depigmentation, and Koebner phenomenon), previous medication history, family history of vitiligo, etc. with the response to systemic glucocorticoid treatment were analyzed. At baseline and after 3-month treatment, peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the plasma levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the chi-square test, Fisher′s exact test, binary logistic regression analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results:A total of 142 patients with vitiligo were enrolled, and 127 completed 3-month treatment, including 77 males and 50 females. Their age at diagnosis was 18 to 65 (36.6 ± 11.4) years, and the disease duration ranged from 2 months to 58 (13.5 ± 10.7) years; 25 (19.7%) had a family history of vitiligo; the percentage of lesion area to total body surface area before treatment ranged from 1% to 70% (11.5% ± 12.7%), and the VASI score was 1% to 70% (10.8% ± 11.6%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the absence of specific clinical markers (odds ratio [ OR] = 6.900, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.228, 38.757, P = 0.028), carrying a single specific clinical marker ( OR = 2.579, 95% CI: 1.012, 6.574, P = 0.047), having a history of topical glucocorticoid treatment ( OR = 2.643, 95% CI: 1.019, 6.850, P = 0.041), the absence of family history of vitiligo ( OR = 5.090, 95% CI: 1.070, 24.215, P = 0.030), and lesions on the proximal extremities ( OR = 3.767, 95% CI: 1.315, 10.793, P = 0.037) were risk factors for the resistance to systemic glucocorticoid treatment in the patients with vitiligo. After 3-month treatment, the glucocorticoid-sensitive group showed a significant decrease in plasma CXCL10 levels compared with those before treatment ( W = 571.00, P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference between the pre- and post-treatment CXCL10 levels in the glucocorticoid-resistant group ( W = 48.00, P = 0.524). Additionally, no significant difference was observed in changes of the plasma CXCL9 level before and after treatment between the glucocorticoid-sensitive and glucocorticoid-resistant groups ( P > 0.05) . Conclusions:Carrying no or a single specific clinical marker, having a history of topical glucocorticoid treatment, the absence of family history of vitiligo, and lesions on the proximal extremities appeared to be risk factors for the resistance to systemic glucocorticoid treatment in patients with progressive non-segmental vitiligo. Changes in CXCL10 levels after treatment may be used as an important evaluation indicator for determining whether patients with progressive vitiligo were resistant to systemic glucocorticoid treatment.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid method for evaluating the heterozygosity of Murraya paniculata germplasm materials and provide as a foundation for developing germplasm breeding and innovation measures for M. paniculata. MethodSingle nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） were screened from the genome resequencing data of 65 plants of M. paniculata. A self-written script was used to transform 20 SNPs into restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） markers. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） was employed to detect the 20 RFLP markers in 12 M. paniculata germplasm accessions， and the heterozygosity of M. paniculata germplasm accessions was calculated based on the number of enzyme-cutting bands at the 20 RFLP marker sites. Plink was used to calculate the whole genome heterozygosity of 12 M. paniculata germplasm accessions， and the results obtained with different methods were compared. ResultThere was no significant difference in the heterozygosity calculated by the PCR-RFLP method and the genome resequencing method. The PCR-RFLP and genome resequencing methods identified 8 and 9 germplasm accessions， respectively， with a heterozygosity level less than 30%. Seven germplasm accessions with heterozygosity less than 30.00% were calculated by both methods. ConclusionThe PCR-RFLP method established in this study for evaluating the heterozygosity of M. paniculata germplasm demonstrates the precision of 87.5% and the accuracy of 77.8%. This method serves as a reference for developing heterozygosity evaluation methods in other medicinal plant germplasm resources.