Objective:To understand the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and its related factors in young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in Tianjin.Methods:From September 2017 to December 2022, a face-to-face anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted in MSM aged 16-24 years selected by snowball sampling in Tianjin, the main demographic and behavioral information of the YMSM were collected, and blood samples were collected from them for HIV test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify related factors of psychoactive substances use.Results:A total of 2 919 YMSM were included in the study, in whom 47.1% (1 374/2 919) had ever used psychoactive substances. The rate of psychoactive substance use in YMSM who were not students was 51.6% (853/1 653), which was higher than that (41.2%, 521/1 266) in YMSM who were students ( χ2=31.42, P<0.001). In the YMSM who were not students, multivariate analysis showed that the OR of psychoactive substance use was 1.49 times higher in smokers than in non-smokers (95% CI: 1.17-1.84), 4.14 times higher in those who had anal sex in the past six months than in those who had no anal sex (95% CI: 1.71-9.98), 1.65 times higher in those who had ≥3 anal intercourses in the last week than in those who had <3 anal intercourses (95% CI: 1.27-2.14), 1.99 times higher in those who had commercial sex in the past six months than in those who had no homosexual commercial sex (95% CI: 1.14-3.45), 2.37 times higher in those who had HIV test in the last year than in those who had no HIV test (95% CI: 1.90-2.94), 1.89 times higher in those who had STD diagnosis in the last year than in those who had no STD diagnosis (95% CI: 1.11-3.21), 0.66 times higher in those who had the first homosexual sex at age ≥20 years than in those who had the first homosexual sex at age <20 years (95% CI: 0.52-0.83), 0.48 times higher in those who were heterosexual or bisexual than in those who were homosexual (95% CI: 0.30-0.74) and 0.70 times higher in those who mainly searched sexual partners offline than in those who mainly searched sexual partners online (95% CI: 0.53-0.94). Meanwhile, in the YMSM who were students, multivariate analysis showed that the OR of psychoactive substance use was 1.31 times higher in local residents than in non-local residents (95% CI: 1.02-1.69), 1.61 times higher in smokers than in non-smokers (95% CI: 1.14-2.27), 1.52 times higher in those who had ≥3 anal intercourses in the last week than in those who had <3 anal intercourses (95% CI: 1.05-2.19), 3.31 times higher in those who had STD diagnosis in the last year than in those who had no STD diagnosis (95% CI: 1.68-6.50) and 0.53 times higher in those in Han ethnic group than in those in minor ethnic groups (95% CI: 0.30-0.94). Conclusions:The prevalence of psychoactive substance use was high in YMSM in Tianjin, and the influencing factors varied in different groups (students or not). It is necessary to conduct targeted interventions for different groups.

Blueberries are rich in phenolic compounds including anthocyanins which are closely related to biological health functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of blueberry anthocyanins extracted from 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberries in mice. After one week of adaptation, C57BL/6J healthy male mice were divided into different groups that were administered with 100, 400, or 800 mg/kg blueberry anthocyanin extract (BAE), and sacrificed at different time points (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 h). The plasma, eyeball, intestine, liver, and adipose tissues were collected to compare their antioxidant activity, including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX/GPX) content, and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The results showed that blueberry anthocyanins had positive concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in vivo. The greater the concentration of BAE, the higher the T-AOC value, but the lower the MDA level. The enzyme activity of SOD, the content of GSH-PX, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and GPX all confirmed that BAE played an antioxidant role after digestion in mice by improving their antioxidant defense. The in vivo antioxidant activity of BAE indicated that blueberry anthocyanins could be developed into functional foods or nutraceuticals with the aim of preventing or treating oxidative stress-related diseases.
Male ; Mice ; Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Blueberry Plants ; Anthocyanins/pharmacology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Superoxide Dismutase-1

Objective:To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on respiratory mechanics, arterial blood gas, and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation during thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods:A total of 100 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy with one-lung ventilation at Jinhua Central Hospital from January to November 2022 were included in this randomized controlled study. They were divided into groups A and B ( n = 50 per group) using a random digital number table. Patients in group A received an intravenous infusion of 0.02 mg/kg of pentylenethyclidine hydrochloride 30 minutes before surgery, while patients in group B received an equal amount of 0.9% sodium chloride injection 30 minutes before surgery. Clinical indicators, respiratory mechanical indicators (peak airway pressure, lung compliance), arterial blood gas analysis indicators (blood oxygen saturation, arterial pressure of oxygen, oxygenation index), inflammatory factor levels (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor level-α), and pulmonary complications were compared between the two groups. Results:There were no significant differences in mechanical ventilation time or total infusion volume between the two groups (both P > 0.05). At the end of surgery (T1) and 1 day after surgery (T2), peak airway pressure in group A was (17.43 ± 2.69) cm H 2O and (16.81 ± 2.28) cm H 2O (1 cm H 2O = 0.098 kPa), respectively, which were significantly lower than (19.23 ± 3.40) cm H 2O and (18.29 ± 2.06) cm H 2O in group B, respectively ( t = 2.94, 3.41, P = 0.002, < 0.001). At T1 and T2, lung compliance in group A was (34.67 ± 2.93) cm H 2O and (36.26 ± 3.11) cm H 2O, respectively, which were significantly higher than (32.23 ± 2.85) cm H 2O and (33.84 ± 2.87) cm H 2O in group B, respectively ( t = 4.22, 4.04, P = 0.000, < 0.001). At T1 and T2, blood oxygen saturation, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, and oxygenation index in group A were significantly higher than those in group B ( t = 8.12, 3.07, 10.47, 3.16, 3.81, 4.15, all P < 0.05). At T1 and T2, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B ( t = 11.67, 13.55, 9.60, 15.71, 6.13, 11.50, all P < 0.001). The incidence of complications in group A was 4% (2/50), which was significantly lower than 16% (8/50) in group B ( χ2 = 4.00, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Penehyclidine hydrochloride has a good effect on respiratory mechanics, arterial blood gas, and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy with one-lung ventilation and thereby deserves clinical promotion.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of long-stem hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients with severe osteoporosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur with severe osteoporosis in Liaocheng People′s Hospital from April 2017 to April 2019.Twenty three patients received long-stem hemiarthroplasty (LHA group). Twenty five patients were treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) (PFNA group). PFNA group was used as the control group.The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion volume, number of intraoperative fluoroscopy, weight-bearing time after operation, the incidence of postoperative complications, hospitalization time, and Harris hip score of 1, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery, to investigate the efficacy of the application of long-stem hemiarthroplasty.Results:In LHA group, 23 patients were followed up for (18.6±3.9) (range from 12.0 to 26.0) months, and 25 patients in the PFNA group were followed up for (17.8±3.3)(range from 12.0 to 24.0) months.There was no significant difference in follow-up time between the two groups ( Z=-0.552, P=0.581). The operation time of LHA Group (60 (55, 73) h) was longer than that of PFNA Group (55 (50, 60) h). The intraoperative blood loss in LHA Group ((179.35±63.47) mL) was more than that in PFNA Group ((122.80±49.03) mL). The number of fluoroscopy in LHA Group (2 (2, 2) times)was less than that in PFNA Group (16 (14.5, 19.5) times). The time of weight bearing in LHA Group (4 (3, 5) d) was earlier than that in PFNA Group (33 (30, 36) d), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.459, t=3.470, Z=6.216, Z=5.959; all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in perioperative blood transfusion, hospital stay and postoperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Harris hip function score was significantly higher in LHA Group ((76.70±5.96), (82.13±6.38), (85.96±7.16), (88.78±7.67) points) and PFNA Group ((63.80±3.46), (71.56±2.55), (81.60±3.38), (88.08±4.83) points) increased gradually with the increase of follow-up time ( Fintra-group=432.557, Pintra-group<0.001), and the score reached the highest 12 months after operation.Harris hip function score of LHA group was higher than that of PFNA group( Finter-group=25.437, Pinter-group<0.001). There was interaction effect between follow-up time point and operation mode( Finteraction=53.464, Pinteraction<0.001). Conclusion:For the elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture with severe osteoporosis, the application of lengthened stem hemiarthroplasty can get out of bed early, reduce the complications of bed rest, reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy, and recover the function of hip joint earlier and better with satisfactory results.

Objective: To summarize the application of distal fixated long stem in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) in the sequence of proximal femoral reconstruction, fixation materials, and other details after operation, in order to improve doctor's attention to the reconstruction of the proximal femur and reduce complications. Methods: The related literature about the application of distal fixated long stem in the treatment of ITF was extensively reviewed, summarized, and analyzed. Results: The sequence of reconstruction is divided into fracture reconstruction priority and prosthesis reconstruction priority. The former is mainly to provide an anatomical reference for the placement of joint prostheses, the latter is mainly to provide support for fracture fixation. The distal fixated cement long stem and cementless long stem have their own characteristics, and materials of reconstruction are used in combination. There is no uniform standard for the sequence and materials of reconstruction. Conclusion: Although the stability of the distal fixated long stem depends on the distal femur, the accurate reconstruction of the proximal femur is still worthy of attention.

Objective: To study the survival time and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS cases who began receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2005 to 2015 in Tianjin. Methods: Data related to HIV/AIDS cases that receiving ART between 2005 and 2015 in Tianjin, were collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Basic Information Management System. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze data of collection. Life table was used to calculate the survival proportion and Cox proportion hazard regression model was used to analyze the factors associated to the time of survival. Results: A total of 2 057 HIV/AIDS cases were involved, including 51 died from AIDS related disease, ending up with the survival rates of 1, 3, 5 and 10 years as 98.4%, 97.8%, 97.4% and 95.8%, respectively. Results from the multivariate Cox proportion hazard regression model showed that when comparing with the cases aged<30 years, aHR (95%CI) of the cases aged 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50 years or above appeared as 4.506 (1.226-9.059), 5.944 (1.479-13.892) and 15.958 (5.309-27.206) respectively. When comparing with the cases having no loss of follow-up during ART process, the aHR of the cases having lost of follow-up during ART was 5.645 (95%CI: 3.124-10.200). When comparing with the cases diagnosed by other institutions, the aHR of the cases diagnosed by hospitals was 3.823 (95%CI: 1.423-10.274). When compared with the cases had no hepatitis B or hepatitis C before ART, aHR of the cases with hepatitis B or C prior to ART was 2.580 (95%CI:1.210-5.502). Compared with the cases receiving ART at Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical stages, the aHR of the cases at Ⅲ/Ⅳ clinical stages was 3.947 (95%CI: 2.167-7.188). Compared with the cases with junior high school education or below, the aHR of the cases with high school education or above was 0.440 (95%CI: 0.238-0.810). Compared with the cases diagnosed before operation, aHR of the cases from special investigation and from counseling and testing (VCT) were 0.111 (0.027-0.456) and 0.182 (0.049-0.674) respectively. Conclusions The survival rate of HIV/AIDS cases that received ART was high in Tianjin. Risk factors related to the survival of cases would include: old age when started receiving ART, loss of follow-up during ART, diagnosed by hospitals, co-infected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C and receiving ART at Ⅲ/Ⅳ clinical stages. Meanwhile, protective factors related to the survival of cases would include: having high school or above education, diagnosis was made through other special programs or from VCT services.

Objective To analyze the survival and influencing factors of treatment-naive HIV／AIDS patients aged 15 years or above in Tianjin.Methods The data of 973 untreated HIV／AIDS patients aged 15 years or above who were diagnosed during June 28 1996 to May 28 2017 in Tianjin were retrospectively analyzed.The survival rate of patients was calculated by the life table method , and the factors affecting the survival time were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard model.Results There were 726 HIV carriers (74.6%) and 247 AIDS patients (25.4%).Among them, there were more males (93.7%, 912／973) than females (6.3%, 61／973); Han nationality accounted for 92.5%(900／973); the education level of most patients was high school or below (71畅0%, 691／973); half of the patients were unmarried (50.4%, 490／973); 57.7%(561／973) of the patients were infected by men who have sex with men ( MSM);62畅9%(612／973) were local residents and 37.1%(361／973) were migrants; 36.6%(356／973) cases were detected by pre-transfusion tests, and 74.5%( 725／973) had initial CD4 +T count tests.In this series, the average survival time is 11.03 years after diagnosis (95%CI 10.01-12畅05 years).The 1, 3, 5, and 10-year survival rates after diagnosis were 96.8%, 88.7%, 80.2%and 40.5%.183 cases (18畅8%) died from AIDS.Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that compared with patients aged 15 to 35 years, patients aged 35-50 years (HR＝3.077, 95%CI 1.868-5.070) and ＞50 years (HR＝2.626, 95%CI 1畅553-4.440) had higher risk of AIDS-related deaths; compared with high school education or below , patients with college education or above ( HR＝0.562, 95%CI 0.371-0.851) had a lower risk of AIDS death; injection drug user (IDU) (HR＝0.751, 95%CI 0.316-0.909) had lower risk of death than MSM. Patients detected by the consultation ( HR＝0.463, 95%CI 0.252-0.851), special investigation ( HR＝0畅263, 95%CI 0.116-0.593), detainee physical examination ( HR＝0.055, 95%CI 0.007-0畅441) and STD clinic visits (HR＝0.033, 95%CI 0.005-0.239) had a lower risk of death than those detected by pre-transfusion tests.The initial CD4 +T lymphocyte counts were negatively correlated with the risk of AIDS-related death (P＜0.01).Conclusions The average survival time after diagnosis of untreated HIV／AIDS patients aged 15 years or above was 11.03 years in Tianjin.The age, education level, route of infection, detection of HIV infection and the initial CD 4 +T lymphocyte counts are related to the survival time after diagnosis of untreated HIV／AIDS patients.

Recently the maintenance therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who completed required treatment cycles has caused widespread interests in the medical field. Traditional Chinese medicine may be a useful complement in maintenance treatment of mid-to-late stage NSCLC.

Objective: To construct a liver targeting gene transfer vector using hepatitis B virus envelope particles. Methods: Hepatitis B viruses were obtained from the supernatant of HepG 2.2.15 cells by a PEG8000 system and were inactivated by ?-propiolactone to prepare hepatitis B virus envelope. The hepatitis B virus envelope was used to pack 5.3 kb pIRES_2-EGFP to assess their packing ability. Subsequently, the products were studied with ELISA, PCR, SDS-PAGE, and electron microscopy. Finally, the product was used to transfect HepG2 cells and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was observed under a fluorescent microscope. The rate of GFP positive cells was determined by flow cytometer.Results: The acquired hepatitis B virus envelope retained the surface protein HBsAg+pre S_1+pre S_2, but with no virus DNA. The prepared envelope had high packing ability for GFP and the packed GFP had a high transfection rate in HepG2 cell. Conclusion: Hepatitis B virus envelope has been successfully obtained from the supernatant of HepG 2.2.15 cells with a PEG8000 system and ?-propiolactone.