High-performance phototheranostics with combined photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging have been considered promising approaches for efficient cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, developing phototheranostic materials with efficient photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), especially over the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm), remains challenging. Herein, we report an ultraefficient NIR-II-activated nanomedicine with phototheranostic and vaccination capability for highly efficient in vivo tumor elimination and metastasis inhibition. The NIR-II nanomedicine of a semiconducting biradical oligomer with a motor-flexible design was demonstrated with a record-breaking PCE of 87% upon NIR-II excitation. This nanomedicine inherently features extraordinary photothermal stability, good biocompatibility, and excellent photoacoustic performance, contributing to high-contrast photoacoustic imaging in living mice and high-performance photothermal elimination of tumors. Moreover, a whole-cell vaccine based on a NIR-II nanomedicine with NIR-II-activated performance was further designed to remotely activate the antitumor immunologic memory and effectively inhibit tumor occurrence and metastasis in vivo, with good biosafety. Thus, this work paves a new avenue for designing NIR-II active semiconducting biradical materials as a promising theranostics platform and further promotes the development of NIR-II nanomedicine for personalized cancer treatment.

Viral infections are one of the main causes of deaths and economic losses around the globe, and effective virus detection methods are essential for epidemic prevention and control. Most existing detection methods have problems such as high false negative/positive rates, slow responses, high costs, and dependence on professional equipment and personnel, which are not conducive to the rapid and accurate detection of viruses. Field effect transistor (FET) biosensors have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages of label-free detection, high sensitivity, fast responses, real-time measurement, low power consumption, and small sizes for portability. This article first briefly describes the basic situation of viruses and the structure and detection principle of FET biosensors. Subsequently, it delves into the research achievements in the application of FET biosensors in the detection of influenza viruses, hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Finally, we make a comprehensive summary and reasonable outlook on the role played by FET biosensors in biomedicine.
Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation* ; Transistors, Electronic ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification* ; Viruses/isolation & purification* ; Orthomyxoviridae/isolation & purification* ; Hepatitis Viruses/isolation & purification* ; Virus Diseases/virology* ; HIV/isolation & purification* ; COVID-19/diagnosis*

Objective: To evaluate the effect of exercise prescription intervention among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide the evidence for guiding appropriate physical activity and glycemic control in this population. Methods: In July 2023, T2DM patients managed by two community health service centers in Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, were selected as the study participants and randomly assigned divided into a control group and an intervention group. The control group received routine chronic disease management under the basic public health services, while the intervention group, in addition to receiving the same routine chronic disease management, was provided with exercise prescription to guide their physical activity at baseline (T0), after 3 months of intervention (T1), and after 6 months of intervention (T2). Data on weight-related indicators, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and blood lipid were collected through physical examinations and laboratory tests at T0 and after 12 months of intervention (T3). The differences in indicators between the two groups before and after the intervention were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: The intervention group consisted of 197 patients, including 99 males, accounting for 50.25%. The median disease duration was 7.10 (interquartile range, 7.80) years, and 113 patients had suboptimal HbA1c levels, accounting for 57.36%. The control group included 196 patients, including 99 females, accounting for 50.51%. The median disease duration was 6.10 (interquartile range, 7.00) years, and 100 patients had suboptimal HbA1c levels, accounting for 51.02%. Before the intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in gender, educational level, disease duration, pharmacological treatment, smoking, alcohol consumption, and HbA1c levels (all P>0.05). In the intervention group, the proportion of participants engaging in aerobic exercise and strength training increased from 78.17% and 8.12% at T0 to 85.79% and 16.24% at T3, respectively (both P<0.05). The results of the generalized estimating equations revealed significant interactions between group and time for waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) following the intervention (all P<0.05). A statistically significant difference in waist-to-hip ratio was found between the two groups (P<0.05), with a greater reduction observed in the intervention group compared to the control group. Significant differences in TC and LDL-C levels were noted across different intervention time points (both P<0.05). Specifically, the intervention group demonstrated reductions of 0.35 mmol/L in TC and 0.42 mmol/L in LDL-C from baseline to follow-up (both P<0.05). Conclusion The 12-month exercise prescription intervention can effectively enhance exercise participation and reduce waist-to-hip ratio, TC, and LDL-C levels among patients with T2DM.

Objective:To study the distribution of species type, biotype and genotype of human Brucella isolated and identified in Nanjing. Methods:A total of 89 strains of human Brucella were collected from microbiology laboratories of three sentinel hospitals in Nanjing from 2017 to 2022. The species type was identified using biological methods and Brucella nucleic acid detection (BCSP31-PCR and AMOS-PCR). Further biotyping of Brucella melitensis isolates was conducted by serological results of A and M factors. Meanwhile, genotype analysis was performed using multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Results:From 2017 to 2022, 89 strains of Brucella isolated and identified in Nanjing were all Brucella melitensis. Among them, Brucella melitensis biotype 3 accounted for 82.02% (73/89), and biotype 1 accounted for 17.98% (16/89). MLVA typing showed that 89 strains of Brucella melitensis belong to the "Eastern Mediterranean" cluster and could be divided into 50 MLVA genotypes; among which panel 1 had 3 genotypes, namely Type 42 (84.27%, 75/89), Type 63 (8.99%, 8/89) and Type 43 (6.74%, 6/89). The results of MLST-9 and MLST-21 were both ST8, and the core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) classified 89 strains into 11 genotypes. SNP analysis revealed a total of 4 013 SNP loci, with SNPs ranging from 0 to 409 across different strains, involving 59 SNP genotypes. Conclusions:The human Brucella strains isolated and identified in Nanjing are all Brucella melitensis, mainly biotype 3. The MLVA cluster is the "Eastern Mediterranean" cluster. The traditional MLST-9 and MLST-21 typing results are all ST8 type, while cgMLST divides all the strains into 11 genotypes with higher resolution.

Objective:To investigate the clinical experience of different types of femoral perforator flaps in the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial head and neck defects.Methods:From January 2018 to January 2021, 573 patients with oral and maxillofacial head and neck defects reconstructed by femoral perforator flap were collected in the Department of Maxillofacial Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University (age range of 21-76 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.23∶1). According to the type of perforator flap, the patients were divided into ALT group, AMT group, TFL flap group and free muscle flap group. The incidence of postoperative complications, wound healing time and drainage volume in femoral area were compared among the 4 groups.Results:The ALT flap was used in 527 cases: 22 flaps had vascular crisis, 14 flaps had infection, 8 flaps had necrosis, 519 flaps survived; the mean healing time of the wound was (14.50±3.19) days, and the mean drainage volume was (49.9±21.3) ml. 28 cases were repaired with AMT flap: 2 flaps had vascular crisis and 1 had infection. All the flaps survived; the mean healing time of the wound was (14.18±2.75) days, and the mean drainage volume was (50.3±23.0) ml. 11 cases were repaired by TFL flap: 1 flap had vascular crisis and 1 had infection. All the flaps survived. The mean healing time of the wound was (14.09±2.66) days, and the mean drainage volume was (54.1±25.0) ml. 7 cases were repaired by free muscle flap survived without vascular crisis, infection and other postoperative complications; the mean healing time of the wound was 14.14±1.86, and the mean postoperative drainage volume was (49.9±21.1) ml. There was no significant difference in complication rate (flap necrosis, vascular crisis, infection, etc.) and repair effect among 573 patients with different flap types. The postoperative follow-up was conducted for 6-24 months, and the donor area was smooth and good in appearance, without obvious scar or functional influence. The repair effect of the affected area was satisfactory.Conclusions:Although there is a certain proportion of perforator vessel variation in the femoral perforator flap, the flap can be designed freely according to different types of variation. The thigh perforator flap has an essential application value in the repair of oral and maxillofacial head and neck defects.

OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of research on traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） human resources， and to provide a reference for expanding research ideas on TCM human resources and promoting the construction of TCM talents. METHODS From January 1， 2000 to December 31， 2022， literature related to TCM human resources was collected from the three major databases of CNKI， Wanfang and VIP. Using CiteSpace 5.8 R3 software， visualization analysis was performed for the literature in terms of publication time， journal sources， authors， institutions and areas， funding， research content， keywords， etc. RESULTS A total of 324 literature related to TCM human resources in China were included， and the number of literature issued showed an upward trend， with an annual average of 14.09 literature； 161 kinds of journals were involved， core journals accounted for 18.21% of the total publication volume； a total of 23 authors had published 2 or more literature， with a total of 55 literature published （16.98%）； a total of 416 institutions were involved， mainly schools （66.83%）； 60.49% of the literature were supported by the fund. The majorities of 324 literature were survey studies （170 literature）， and most of them used self-designed questionnaires （55 literature）； the high-frequency keywords included talent training， human resources， TCM， etc. The keywords were clustered into 7 categories， such as “human resources“”talent training“”TCM industry“”TCM services“”talent training models” “fairness” and “TCM talents”. The main problems described in the literature included insufficient talent， lack of reasonable distribution of regional structure， lack of reasonable plans for talent training， and insufficient professional knowledge and abilities. Continuously cultivating high-level talents and improving employment conditions in areas with severe human resource loss were the corresponding countermeasures proposed in the literature. CONCLUSIONS The research on TCM human resources starts late but has developed rapidly overall， and the quality of research needs to be improved； the structure of research team is single and unevenly distributed geographically； there is a structural imbalance in the allocation of human resources， as well as problems such as a shortage of professional talents， low levels of education and training and incomplete development systems.

Thyroid hormones(TH), one of the human′s essential hormones, play a crucial role in the cardiovascular system.Studies have shown that hypothermia, blood dilution, vascular endothelial injury, ischemia-reperfusion, and inflammatory factor release during cardiopulmonary bypass may cause thyroid dysfunction, leading to the euthyroid sick syndrome(ESS). There is a close correlation between ESS and postoperative low cardiac output and elevated systemic vascular resistance, which seriously affects the prognosis of pediatric patients.Studies have shown that perioperative supplementation of thyroid hormones can reduce ESS levels, especially among pediatric patients and those children with complex congenital heart disease have apparent clinical advantages.However, the results from different clinical studies varied, and currently, thyroid hormone replacement therapy is under debate.This review examines the available literature on the clinical effects of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system and the relationship between ESS and cardiopulmonary bypass.The clinical evidence of the treatment of ESS is gathered and discussed with an intent to find a gap for further research.

ObjectiveModern scientific methods and techniques were used to scientifically characterize the traditional softening process of Corydalis Rhizoma， so as to clarify the scientificity and rationality of the traditional process， and provide reference for inheriting the processing methods and experience of traditional Chinese medicine. MethodLow-field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging （LF-NMR/MRI） was used to characterize the water types and distribution in the softening process of Corydalis Rhizoma. Samples during the softening process was cut into thick slices and its section was observed by stereoscopic microscope. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to determine the content change of tetrahydropalmatine during the softening process with the mobile phase of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution （60∶40， triethylamine regulated to pH 6.5） and detection wavelength at 280 nm. The determination method of softening endpoint of Corydalis Rhizoma was simulated by texture analyzer （hand pinch method）， and the softening degree of the finished products was determined after optimizing the relevant parameters. ResultLF-NMR/MRI showed that the water could penetrate through the core and distribute evenly in Corydalis Rhizoma softened by Zhangbang method. The water first entered into the medicinal material from the epidermis and stem marks in the soaking stage as the form of free water， and then penetrated into the inner core to achieve redistribution in the moistening stage. Under stereoscopic microscope， it was observed that Corydalis Rhizoma softened by the Zhangbang method could be sliced well， but the core bursting slices were easy to appear if the softening time was not enough， and the softening of samples was caused by the keratine-like powder after absorbing water. HPLC measurement showed that the loss of tetrahydropalmatine in the softening method was small， its content decreased about 5% in the soaking process， and its content was almost unchanged during the moistening process. The softening degree of Corydalis Rhizoma could be quantified by the texture analyzer， and the optimum parameters were 2 mm·s^-1 of speed before test， test speed and speed after test， 20 g of the trigger force， 20% of compression degree. The compressive force of the qualified softened Corydalis Rhizoma was 12.75-15.69 N with the relative standard deviation （RSD） of 6.8%. ConclusionModern scientific methods and techniques can characterize the scientificity and rationality of the traditional processing methods， and confirm that the Zhangbang softening method has the advantages of high efficiency， convenience and small loss of index components. The texture analyzer can simulate the softening endpoint judgment method （hand pinch method）， and realize the goal from subjective experience judgment to objective technology quantification， which has a good demonstration role for the modern inheritance of traditional processing technology.

Objective:This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging guided laparoscopic liver tumor resection (FIGLTR).Methods:A systematic search was made for the literature on indocyanine green fluorescence image-guided laparoscopic hepatectomy in randomized, semi-randomized controlled trials and observational studies, and manually search published materials and conference papers in Chinese and English and trace references included in the literature. The retrieval period was up to September 2021. The quality of included studies was evaluated, then the meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.1 software.Results:Ten studies were included with 803 patients, including 341 in the FIGLTR group and 462 in the non-FIGLTR group. Meta results showed that: Compared to the traditional resection group, indocyanine green fluorescence imaging can significantly shorten the operative time ( MD=-22.61, 95% CI: -34.20--11.03, P<0.001), reduce intraoperative bleeding ( MD=-49.17, 95% CI: -84.99--13.36, P<0.01), shorter hospital stay ( MD=-0.89, 95% CI: -7.72--0.06, P<0.05), Improve the removal rate of R 0 edge ( OR=8.80, 95% CI: 1.96-39.44, P<0.05) and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications ( OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.34-0.87, P<0.05) of laparoscopic liver tumor resection. There were no differences found in portal block time and transfusion rate. Conclusion:Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technology provides a new way for safe and accurate laparoscopic resection of liver tumors.

Objective:To compare the advantages of high or low inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation in laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum based on CT precise guidance.Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum in Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital South Campus from January 2016 to June 2020 were selected. Surgical protocol was selected according to the principle of voluntariness. Sixty-eight cases underwent high IMA ligation (high IMA ligation group), and 52 cases underwent low IMA ligation (low IMA ligation group). The perioperative conditions (operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative anal exhaust time, abdominal drainage, hospitalization time and ileostomy), postoperative pathological data (proximal margin distance, distal margin distance, total number of dissected lymph nodes and number of positive lymph nodes) and postoperative recovery (anastomotic stoma fistula, urinary retention, sexual dysfunction and daily number of defecation) were recorded. The quality of life 6 months after surgery was evaluated by the quality of life instruments for colorectal cancer scale (QLQ-CR38). Patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months, and the local recurrence and distant metastasis were recorded.Results:The postoperative anal exhaust time in low IMA ligation group was significantly shorter than that in high IMA ligation group: (2.87 ± 1.04) d vs. (3.26 ± 1.00) d, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05); there were no statistical differences in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, abdominal drainage, hospitalization time and rate of ileostomy between 2 groups ( P>0.05). There were no statistical difference in proximal margin distance, distal margin distance, total number of dissected lymph nodes and number of positive lymph nodes between 2 groups ( P>0.05). The incidences of anastomotic stoma fistula, urinary retention and sexual dysfunction in low IMA ligation group were significantly lower than those in high ligation group: 3.85% (2/52) vs. 13.24% (9/68), 3.85% (2/52) vs. 11.76% (8/68) and 5.77% (3/52) vs. 14.71% (10/68), the daily number of defecation was significantly less than that in high ligation group: (2.87 ± 0.98) times vs. (4.05 ± 1.56) times, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01). The functional dimension, symptom dimension and aggregate score of QLQ-CR38 in low IMA ligation group were significantly higher than those in high ligation group: (15.46 ± 4.22) scores vs. (13.68 ± 3.56) scores, (51.82 ± 13.54) scores vs. (45.65 ± 12.42) scores and (67.28 ± 14.28) scores vs. (59.33 ± 12.85) scores, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01). There were no statistical difference in the rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis between 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The application of low IMA ligation based on CT precise guidance in laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum can obtain the same surgical effect as the high IMA ligation. It can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after surgery, reduce the risk of complications, have less effect on the defecation function, which can improve the life quality after the surgery.