In 2016， the World Health Organization proposed the vision of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030， and since then， China has actively promoted the elimination of hepatitis C as a public health threat and has made great achievements by formulating policies， clarifying main tasks， focusing on key issues， and implementing prevention and treatment measures. This article reviews the advances and achievements in China’s actions to eliminate hepatitis C as a public health threat since 2016， analyzes the existing problems and challenges， and puts forward recommendations for future prevention and control strategies， in order to provide a reference for achieving the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.

Over the past three decades， China has made significant progress in the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， and the incidence rates of new-onset pediatric hepatitis B virus infections and acute viral hepatitis in the population have reduced to a relatively low level； however， there is still a heavy disease burden of chronic viral hepatitis in China， which severely affects the health status of the population. This study systematically summarizes the achievements of viral hepatitis prevention and control in China， analyzes existing problems and challenges， and proposes comprehensive prevention and control strategies and measures to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat based on the national conditions of China， in order to provide a reference for related departments in China on how to achieve the action targets for eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of Qihuang Jianpi Zishen Granules in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE） and its effect on the signal transducer and activator of tranSCription 3/mammalian target of rapamycin （STAT3/mTOR） signaling pathway， and to decipher the possible mechanism. MethodSixty female SLE patients who met the criteria in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected and randomized into a control group and an observation group （30 cases in each group）. The control group was treated with prednisone acetate + hydroxychloroquine sulfate orally， and the observation group was additionally treated with Qihuang Jianpi Zishen granules. The treatment lasted for 8 weeks. The SLE disease activity （SLEDAI）， TCM syndrome score， erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）， hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， immune indexes ［immunoglobulin G （IgG）， C3， C4， CD4⁺， and CD8⁺］， interleukin （IL）-17， IL-23， interferon （IFN）-γ， 24 h urinary protein （24 h PRO）， serum creatinine （SCr）， and expression of proteins ［STAT3， phosphorylated （p）-STAT3， mTOR protein and STAT3，mTOR mRNA］ in the STAT3/mTOR signaling pathway were determined before and after treatment. In addition， the adverse reactions were recorded. ResultAfter 8 weeks of treatment， the total response rate in the observation group was 93.33% （28/30）， which was higher than that （70.00%， 21/30） in the control group （χ²=4.007， P<0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed declined SLEDAI， TCM syndrome score， ESR， hs-CRP， IgG， CD8⁺， IL-17， IL-23， IFN-γ， 24 h PRO， SCr， and expression of proteins in the STAT3/mTOR pathway （P<0.01） and elevated levels of C3， C4， and CD4⁺ （P<0.01）. Moreover， the observation group had lower SLEDAI， TCM syndrome score， ESR， hs-CRP， IgG， CD8⁺， IL-17， IL-23， IFN-γ， 24 h PRO， SCr， and expression of proteins in the STAT3/mTOR pathway （P<0.05， P<0.01） and higher levels of C3， C4， and CD4⁺ （P<0.05， P<0.01） than the control group after treatment. Neither group showed serious adverse reactions during the treatment period. ConclusionQihuang Jianpi Zishen Granules can ameliorate the inflammatory response， reduce the disease activity， and mitigate the kidney injury in SLE by inhibiting the STAT3/mTOR signaling pathway to regulate the immune function.

Objective:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C screening in general population in China, and find the age group in which hepatitis C screening can achieve the best cost-effectiveness.Methods:A decision-Markov model was constructed by using software TreeAge pro 2019 to simulate the outcomes of hepatitis C disease pregression of 100 000 persons aged 20-59 years. The cost-effectiveness of the strategies were evaluated from societal perspectives by using incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and net monetary benefit (NMB). One-way sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis were used to evaluate the uncertainty of parameters and model.Results:Hepatitis C screening was cost-effective in people aged 20- 59 years and the cost effectiveness was best in age group 40-49 years. Compared with non-screening strategy of hepatitis C in people aged 20-59 years, the incremental cost was 161.24 yuan, the incremental utility was 0.003 6 quality adjusted life years (QALYs)/per person, ICER was 45 197.26 yuan/QALY, ICER was less than the willing payment threshold. The ICER and NMB in all age groups were 42 055.06-53 249.43 yuan/QALY and 96.52-169.86 yuan/per person. Hepatitis C screening in people aged 40-49 years had the best cost-effectiveness. The results of one-way sensitivity analysis showed that the discount rate, anti-HCV detection cost, anti-HCV infection rate and the cost of direct antiviral agents were the main factors influencing economic evaluation. The results of the probability sensitivity analysis indicated that the model analysis was stable.Conclusions:Implementing hepatitis C screening based on medical institutions is cost-effective in people aged 20- 59 years, especially in those aged 40-49 years. Implementing the HCV screening strategy of be willing to test as far as possible in general population can reduce hepatitis C disease burden in China.

Hepatitis B is a major infectious disease that seriously endangers the health of the people of China. Patients with hepatitis B have a large base in our country, and the core indicators such as detection and antiviral treatment ratio are far from the real goal of eliminating the public health threat of uiral hepatitis.Notably, the chronic hepatitis B prevention and control system lacks a wide targeted strategies. This paper systematically analyzes our country’s main successful experience with AIDS prevention and control and, on that basis, proposes the ideas and strategic paths for the construction of a chronic hepatitis B prevention and control system, analyzes and discusses the current difficulties and problems in prevention and control, and looks forward to future prevention and control efforts.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a common chronic autoimmune disease with synovitis as its pathological basis and erosive arthritis as its main symptom.Pathogenesis of RA is complex,combination of genetic factors,environmental factors,immune cells,cytokines and autoantibodies causes joint injury,bone destruction and multi-system disease of RA.However,the above mecha-nisms can not fully explain the poor prognosis,high disability rate and poor clinical treatment effect of RA.Therefore,exploring new pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of RA is the focus of RA research.In recent years,with the deepening of RA research,it has been found that there is a new form of cell death in pathological process of RA,namely ferroptosis.Ferroptosis is a type of cell death caused by inhibition of glutathione peroxidase activity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species.Previous studies have con-firmed the close correlation between RA and ferroptosis,this paper mainly explores ferroptosis-related signal pathways that affect the change and development of RA disease from the perspective of regulating the main signal pathways of ferroptosis,so as to find new therapeutic targets for RA and new therapeutic ideas for research.

Objective:To investigate and compare the therapeutic effect of Foley catheter balloon dilation and the traditional open reduction in the treatment of intussusception in children.Methods:A total of 68 children with intussusception treated by Foley catheter balloon dilatation by laparoscopic surgery or traditional open reduction in Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from August 2015 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, there were 32 cases in the Foley catheter group and 36 cases in the traditional laparotomy group.Foley catheter group were treated with laparoscopic Foley catheter balloon dilatation, while the traditional open group were treated with traditional open surgery which was performed with finger dilatation.The results of surgical treatment, postoperative recovery, short-term complications, patient satisfaction and long-term complications were compared between the two groups.Results:Among the indexes of surgical treatment effect, the operation time[(0.4±1.1) h], intraoperative bleeding volume[(10.2±3.4) mL], incision size[(0.5±0.4) cm] and incidence of the rupture of intestine[6.3%(2/32 cases)] in the Foley catheter group were significantly lower than those in the traditional open group[(1.3±2.9) h, (40.5±2.1) mL, (5.1±0.7) cm, 30.6%(11/36 cases)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P< 0.05). Among the indexes of postoperative recovery and short-term complications, recovery time of gastrointestinal function[(1.2±3.1) d], length of hospital stay[(6.7±1.8) d], incidence of incision infection[9.4%(3/32 cases)]and incidence of incisional hernia(0) in the Foley catheter group were significantly lower than those in the traditional open group[(3.3±6.4) d, (7.3±0.9) d, 36.1%(13/36 cases), 16.7%(6/36 cases)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Among the indexes of family satisfaction and long-term complications, the score of family satisfaction in the Foley catheter group [(8.7±1.2) scores]was significantly higher than that in the traditional open group[(6.6±3.1) scores], and the incidence of adhesive intestinal obst-ructionin the Foley catheter group (0)was significantly lower than that in the traditional open group[0 vs.19.4%(7/36例)], and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with traditional open reduction in the treatment of intussusception in children, Foley catheter balloon dilation has the advantages of short operation time, safe operation, low incidence of intestinal injury, less bleeding, and so on, and also has the advantages of small incision, fast recovery, short hospitalization time, high satisfaction of parents.In addition, the Foley catheter balloon dilation has a lower incidence of incisional infection, incisional hernia, postoperative intestinal adhesion and other complications.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,treatment and prognosis of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD).Methods A total of 10 patients suffered from LPD after laparoscopic uterine myomectomy were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2012 to September 2016,and all clinical database were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1)Clinical features:the age of 10 cases was 25-50 years old,and 8 cases of them were in child-bearing age,while 2 cases were in perimenopausal period.Of 10 cases,2 cases manifested as discontinuous lower abdominal pain,and the other cases were seen the doctor for the examinations found tumors of pelvis or abdomen.All 10 cases had a history of laparoscopic uterine myomectomy under went power morcellation with an average of (4.0±2.2) years (range 1.3 to 8.1 years),2 cases of them had a history of oral hormone treatment after the first myoma morcellation.(2) Treatment methods and postoperative pathologic diagnosis:during intraoperative exploration,LPD nodules were most distributed in Douglas pouch (10 cases),and next in mesentery (7 cases),abdominal peritoneum (6 cases) and omentum majus (4 cases),etc.Seven of the 8 cases of child-bearing age were performed laparoscopic LPD nodules removal,1 case gone combined with laparotomy and resecting LPD nodules;2 cases in perimenopausal period done laparotomy oophorotomy and resected all LPD nodules and omentum.(3) Postoperative relapse and reproductive outcomes:the follow-up time of all cases was 2.8 years,and no recurrence was found during the follow-up period;2 cases had natural conception and term vaginal birth during the follow-up period.Conclusions LPD is mainly related to iatrogenic planting and spreading,which is a benign disease and characterized by multiple smooth muscle nodules throughout abdominopelvic cavity,and the nodules of LPD is commonly located in Douglas pouch,mesenteric and omentaum majus,etc.The preferred method of LPD should be individual operative treatment according to different situations,and in which patients may be have better prognosis.

Objective To establish a method for simulataneous determination of 18 free amino acids in snake venom. Methods Preparation of free amino acid samples by membrane. HPLC analysis was performed after derivatization by using phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) as a derivative reagent, samples were analyzed on Ultimate LP-C18 column with gradient elution column of 0.05 mol/L sodium acetate buffer and methanol-acetonitrile- water (40:40:20), and current speed was1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was set at 35℃, and detection wavelength was 254nm. Results The 18 kinds of amino acids showed a good linearity with the correlation coefficients ≥0.99. The recovery rate was 74.59%~110.62%. Snake venom contained 17 kinds of amino acids, the total content of amino acids was 0.2%. Conclusion The method was accurate, reproducible and reliable, and can be used for the determination of amino acids in snake venom and related products.

Objective To observed the influence of preoperative enteral nutrition(EN) on postoperative nutritional status,immune function and complications in elderly patients with colorectal cancer complicating nutritional risk.Methods The NRS2002 nutritional risk screening criteria was used to select 70 elderly patients with colorectal cancer complicating nutritional risk,including 36 cases in the EN group and 34 cases in the control group.The EN support was given in the ENN group on preoperative 3 d.The levels of plasma total protein,prealbumin,albumin,transferrin,total lymphocyte count,plasma D-lactate(D-LAC) and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) were detected on postoperative 1,3,5 7 d.The intraoperative intestinal cleanliness and postoperative complications were observed.Results The levels of plasma total protein,prealbumin,albumin,transferrin and total lymphocyte count in the EN group were significantly higher than those in the control group and the levels of D-LAC and DAO,and the incidence rates of abdominal infection and wound infection were significantly lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant differences in the incidence rates of intestinal cleanliness and anastomotic leakage between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Preoperative EN support therapy in the patients with colorectal cancer complicating nutritional risk can significantly improve clinical prognosis.